Don yin itace, masu lambu suna neman taimakon gonaki na musamman kuma suna sayan shuki don shuka. Amma akwai wata hanyar, wacce ta fi rikitarwa kuma zata ɗauki lokaci mai yawa.
Kuna iya yin itacen apple daga zuriyar.
Shin zai yuwu ayi shuka itace daga kwayar apple a gida?
Wannan aikin yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo. kuma yana iya zama haɗari. Saboda 'ya'yan itacen da aka samu na iya bambanta da ɗanɗano da ainihin tsiron.
Lokacin shuka itacen apple daga iri, sakamakon dasawa za a san shi ne kawai bayan ɗiyar farko, wanda ke faruwa a shekara ta 5 ta rayuwa.
Za'a iya samun kayan ƙarshe:
- Itace cikakkiyar bishiya mai ɗauke da ,a ,an itace, eta fruitsan itace.
- Itacen apple na daji tare da fruitsa smallan fruitsa fruitsan itace da suka dace da aiki.
- Hakanan akwai damar samun tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa, wanda 'ya'yan itacen zai zama kyakkyawa, amma ba mai daɗi ba.
Idan kun bi duk yanayin don shuka itacen apple daga zuriya, akwai babban yiwuwar samun itace mai banbanci... Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine a yi amfani da tsirrai na shekara guda a cikin hanyar tushen burodi don itacen da ya riga ya girma.
Don kare kanka daga karɓar kayan da ya dace da shuka, yana da kyau a tsirar da seedsan tsabacirewa daga nau'ikan apples iri daban-daban.
Yadda za a zabi iri don shuka itacen apple?
Yana da kyau a tuna cewa shuka itacen apple daga zuriya abu ne mai wahala da aiki mai tsawo, kuma don haka ya ƙare da nasara, kuna buƙatar zaɓar tsaba mai kyau.
Su zama masu dattako da girma. Irin wannan kayan dasawa ana rarrabe su da launin duhu da launi iri ɗaya.
Hakanan, tsaba bai kamata ya sami lalacewar inji ba, saboda haka kuna buƙatar cire su daga apple ɗin a hankali sosai.
Don shiri mai kyau, bi waɗannan matakan:
- Wankewa - don kawar da layin hanawa wanda ke tsoma baki tare da tsire-tsire, ana sanya tsaba da aka zaɓa a cikin akwati tare da ruwan dumi kuma ana motsa su da ƙaramin cokali na mintina 3-5, yana da kyau a maimaita wannan aikin sau da yawa. Sannan ruwan ya tsiyaye ta amfani da sieve ko gauze.
- Jiƙa - sai a zuba tsaba da ruwa a sanya a wuri mai dumi na tsawon kwanaki 3-4. A rana ta 3, gogaggen lambu sun ba da shawarar ƙara haɓakar haɓaka zuwa cikin akwatin. Dole ne a canza ruwan kowace rana don kaucewa tsayawa.
- Ragewa - tare da taimakon wannan aikin, ƙwayoyin sun taurare kuma an shirya su don yanayin wurin zama na asali.
Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da cokali na katako ko sanda saboda wannan abu da wuya ya lalata ƙwayayen.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don aiwatar da stratification:
- An haɗu da kayan shuka tare da peat da yashi a cikin rabo na 1 zuwa 3, to, sakamakon abin da aka samu ya zama mai laushi har sai ruwan ya fara gangarowa zuwa saman.
- A cewar masu aikin lambu, mafi kyawun matattara shine gansakuka hade da sawdust.
- Hakanan ana amfani da haɗin yashi, zafin bishiya da carbon mai aiki.
Ya kamata tsaba su kasance cikin zaɓaɓɓun ƙwayoyi na kwanaki 6 a dakin da zafin jiki A wannan lokacin, zasu kumbura. Sannan ana canza su zuwa firiji na tsawon watanni 2-3.
Yadda ake shuka itacen apple daga dutse. Tsarin iri:
Yanayin dasa kashi
Bayan harbe-harben farko sun bayyana, an zaɓi mafi ƙarfi da lafiya a cikinsu... Kowane lokaci na shekara ya dace da dasa shuki a gida.
Da zarar kayan sun shirya, yi waɗannan abubuwa masu zuwa:
- Don shuka iri, an shirya akwati na musamman, wanda galibi shine akwati ko akwati. Dole ne akwai ramuka a ƙasan don magudanar danshi mai yawa.
- Sannan ana yin magudanan magudanan ruwa da yalwar yumbu, tsakuwa da sauran kayan makamantansu
- Ana amfani da ƙasa mai baƙar fata azaman ƙasa mai dausayi, irin wannan ƙasa tana da dukkan abubuwan da ake buƙata don itacen saurayi.
- A lokacin shuka, ana amfani da makirci mai zuwa: nisa tsakanin layuka yakai santimita 15-20, kuma tsakanin tsaba ya kasance 2-3.
- Zafin zurfin bai wuce santimita 2 ba.
- Sannan ana shayar da ƙasa sosai.
- Lokacin shayar da tsire-tsire, suna aiki da hankali don kada su ɓata ƙasa kuma kada su fallasa ƙwayar da ba ta girma ba.
- Da zaran na biyu na ganye ya bayyana akan bishiyun da suka girma, kuna buƙatar rarrabe su, cire tsire-tsire masu rauni da bishiyoyin apple na daji. Sun banbanta da na bambance-bambancen a cikin cewa suna da ƙanana da launuka masu haske, ƙaya sun bayyana a jikin kututturan. Don haka, tazara tsakanin bishiyoyi tana ƙaruwa zuwa santimita 7-8.
A gida, ana ajiye bishiyoyin apple na akalla shekaru 4., a wannan yanayin, za su iya samun ƙarfi kuma a nan gaba za su kasance a shirye don dasawa zuwa ƙasa ta buɗe.
Idan ɗakin bai ba da izinin irin wannan dogon lokacin don riƙe ƙaramin itace ba, ana iya dasa shi zuwa filin lambu, amma a lokaci guda suna kiyaye shuka daga yanayin sanyi, kwari, iska da sauran matsaloli.
Kowace shekara ya zama dole don ƙara ƙarar akwatin da itacen apple ke tsiro a ciki. Wannan zai taimaka wa bishiyar bunkasa tsarin tushenta.
Yadda ake shuka itacen apple daga dutse. Dasa tsire-tsire da suka tsiro a cikin ƙasa:
Shayarwa - ga bishiyar apple, shayar da kan lokaci shine babban tushen rayuwa, ba tare da shi ba, tsarin tushen karfi mai karfi ba zai iya karbar isasshen danshi da itacen zai iya mutuwa ba.
Zai fi kyau aiwatar da wannan aikin sau ɗaya a mako, guje wa samuwar ɓawon ɓawon burodi.
Top miya - yana da daraja la'akari da cewa a cikin shekarun farko na rayuwa, abubuwan kara kuzari masu aiki, wadanda suka hada da taki ko kuma tsutsar tsuntsaye, na iya cutar da shuka.
Suna iya haifar da kuna kuma suna iya haifar da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Saboda haka, ya fi kyau maye gurbin waɗannan takin mai magani tare da jiko na humus.
Don dakatar da ci gaban ganye da inganta maturation na katako, a karshen watan Agusta, ana cin bishiyar tuffa da sinadarin potassium-phosphorus.
Ga kowane murabba'in mita na amfanin gona, ana zuba yawan adadin takin:
- 15-20 gram na potassium chloride;
- 30-40 grams na superphosphate.
Don haka abubuwan gina jiki su shiga cikin tushen tsarin yayin ciyarwa dole ne a kwance ƙasar a hankali a shayar da shi sosai.
Yin dashen waje
Da zaran seedling ya kai shekaru 4 da haihuwa, ana iya dasa shi a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa. Wannan aikin ya fi kyau a yi shi a ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon Mayu, ko Satumba.
Domin bishiyar ta sami tushe a wani sabon wuri, ya zama dole a zabi wurin da ya dace don dasawa.
Haske mai kyau yana ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen ci gaba da ingantaccen narkar da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Hakanan kana bukatar ka kula da matakin da ya faru na ruwan karkashin kasa, dole ne su kasance aƙalla zurfin mita 1. Fasahar aikin ba ta da bambanci da dasa shukokin da aka saya a gandun daji.
Yadda ake shuka itacen apple daga reshe?
Idan hanyar tsiro itace daga fruita froman itace suna da rikitarwa, zaka iya komawa ga yaduwar cuttings... Don samun iri daga reshe, aikin shirya yana farawa a ƙarshen kaka.
Wannan aikin ma yana da wahala, amma zai dauki lokaci kadan kuma mafi kusantar samun nau'ikan da ake so.
Yadda za a shirya cuttings don yaduwa
Yawancin lambu da yawa suna ƙoƙari su sami tsiro ta hanyar yanke rassan da ba su shirya ba tare da sanya su cikin ruwa. Amma a wannan yanayin, yana da wuya cewa zai iya yiwuwa a jira saiwar ta bayyana.
Don aiwatar da nasara, a ƙarshen kaka - farkon hunturu, an shirya cuttings don yaduwa ta amfani da ayyuka masu zuwa:
- Da farko, an zaɓi reshe mai ƙarfi, saurayi kuma cikakke, shekarunsa su zama shekaru 1-2.
- Yakamata tsakiyarsa ta karye ba tare da lalata haushi ba. Saboda wannan, yankin da aka zaɓa ya tanƙwara har sai ɓarna ta bayyana.
- Sannan ana sake dawo da wurin da aka ji rauni da tef na scotch ko tef na lantarki.
- Mataki na ƙarshe zai kasance don haɗawa da tallafi, wanda zai iya zama sandar yau da kullun. Ba za ta bari reshen da ya lankwasa ya miƙe ba.
Yadda za'a shuka kayan dasa da kyau?
Bayan samuwar karaya, itaciya za ta yi iya kokarin ta don warkar da su, saboda wannan adadi mai yawa na gina jiki zai je wuraren da suka ji rauni.
Tare da taimakon irin wannan magudi a watan Afrilu itacen apple zai kasance a shirye don fara aikin kiwo:
- Mataki na farko shine cire winding, bayan haka an yanke reshe a wuraren da suka lalace.
- Don yanke cutuka, zai fi kyau a yi amfani da kwalba mai duhu cike da narkewa ko ruwan sama.
- Don mafi ingancin aikin, allunan da yawa na carbon suna narkewa cikin ruwa.
- Idan kun cika akwatin zuwa matakin santimita 10, zaku iya sanya yankan 10 a ciki.
- Bayan makonni 3, saiwoyi za su bayyana a ƙarƙashin ƙwayoyin da ke cikin ruwa.
- An fi sanya kwalba mai rassa a saman windowsill.
Da zaran asalin sun kai girman santimita 7, ana iya dasa su cikin aminci zuwa buɗaɗɗen ƙasa.
Idan aka samarwa da bishiyar matashi ruwa da kariya daga hasken rana, to zai iya saurin daidaitawa zuwa sabbin yanayi.
Fure itacen apple daga zuriya abu ne mai matukar wahala., wanda ƙwararren mai kula da lambu ne kawai zai iya aiwatar da shi, amma yaduwar cuttings shima ya dace da sabbin lambu.
A cikin kowane hali, sakamakon itacen zai kasance ɗayan ƙaunatattu akan shafin.