Ma'aikatan Italiyanci sun yi amfani da kabejin Savoy a ƙarshen karni na 18 kuma ya zama gama gari a Turai a cikin karni na 21. Tare da kulawa mai kyau, girma ba wahala.
Halaye na savoy kabeji
Wannan kayan lambu shuki ne na kabeji tare da koren kore mai laushi, ganye mai laushi. Shugaban kabeji ba shi da yawa, ba shi da jijiyoyi masu ƙarfi. M da yaji dandano da kyau dacewa da salads da cutlets. Ba a amfani da shi don ferment da salting.
A cikin shekarar farko ta girma akan babban tushe, ƙaramin rosette mai nauyi daga kilogiram 0.5 zuwa kilogiram 1.2... A shekara mai zuwa, kan kabeji ya yi girma zuwa kilogiram 3, ganye ya zama da taushi. Dandanon ya kara bayyana.
Tushe yana fitar da inflorescences tare da tsaba, wanda daga baya ake amfani dashi don shuka tsirrai. Idan aka adana shi da kyau, ana iya amfani da shi azaman iri, har zuwa shekaru 5.
Abvantbuwan amfani
Kabeji na Savoy yana da kyawawan kayan abinci.
Ya ƙunshi:
- danyen furotin - 1.7-4%;
- bitamin C - 2-90 MG;
- bitamin P - 4-3 MG;
- bitamin A - 0.3-0.7 MG;
- sukari - 4-7%;
- gishirin ma'adinai - 0.85%.
Savoy kabeji sanyi-mai jurewa, yana da babban juriya ga cututtuka da kwari. Sauƙaƙe yana haƙuri da rashin danshi.
Rashin amfani
Daga cikin rashin fa'idar savoy kabeji akwai:
- wannan kayan lambu ba za a iya ci ba tare da miki, gastritis, cutar duodenal, cututtukan thyroid;
- yana haifar da karuwar iskar gas.
Iri-iri
Farkon iri
- Jubilee 2170;
- Vienna - farkon 1346;
- Julius F1.
Tsakiyar-kakar
- Melissa F1;
- Sphere;
Late
- Verosa F1, Ovasa F1;
- Morama F1.
Shirya iri don girma
Kafin yin shuki, dole ne a shirya iri sosai.
Tsawon minti 20 cika su da ruwan zafi (ba kasa da + digiri 60 ba), to sai a tsoma su a cikin ruwan sanyi mai sanyi na tsawon minti 3, sannan kuma tsaba a jika tsawon awanni 14 a cikin maganin abubuwan da aka gano.
Bayan an jika, ana sanya tsaba a cikin firinji na awoyi 22 zuwa 24. Wannan zai kara juriya da sanyi da kuma dasa shuki na tsawon shekaru 5.
Shuka
Dasa tsaba a farkon Maris... Don dasa shuki, ya zama dole a shirya ƙasa ta musamman. A cikin kwalaye na katako a daidai rabbai, haɗa turf ƙasa da yashi da peat. Zuba ƙasar da aka shirya tare da rauni mai ƙarfi na manganese.
Ba da shawarar yin amfani da ƙasa ta lambu don yin kabeji ba. Zai iya ƙunsar cututtuka waɗanda zasu iya lalata amfanin gona.
Shuka tsaba daga nesa 1 cm... Jere tazara ba kasa da 3 cm ba, zurfin tsagi 1 cm... An rufe rami da ƙasa. An rufe akwatunan da tsare ko gilashi a saman.
Wajibi ne don kula da zafin jiki aƙalla aƙalla digiri 18. Kafin farawar farko ta bayyana, ya kamata a shayar da ƙasa sosai. Bayan fitowar harbe-harbe, buɗe kwalaye kuma rage zafin cikin ɗakin zuwa digiri 15 yayin rana da digiri 8 da daddare.
A rana ta 7, ya kamata a yi siraran don tazara tsakanin harbi yakai cm 2. Domin tsirrai su yi ƙarfi, suna buƙatar haske mai yawa. Ya kamata a ba da ƙwayoyi ga haske na aƙalla awanni 14. Saboda wannan zaka iya amfani da fitilar ultraviolet.
Dole ne a gudanar da ruwa kowace rana tare da ƙaramin ruwa don ƙasa koyaushe tana da danshi.
Ruwan ya zama dumi kadan. Bayan shayarwa, kuna buƙatar sassauta ƙasa don kada wani tsayayyen ruwa ya tsaya. Bayan makonni 2, sai a nitsar da tsirrai. Tushen an taqaitashi da 1/3 kuma an dasa shi cikin kofuna.
Top miya na seedlings
Da farko, ya kamata a yi ciyarwa, lokacin da ganye biyu suka bayyana a kan shukar... An shirya maganin kamar haka:
- ruwa - lita 1;
- hadaddun taki - 0,5 teaspoon.
Fesa ganye tare da wannan maganin. Maimaita ciyarwa bayan makonni biyu.
Don ciyarwa kuna buƙatar:
- ruwa - lita 1;
- superphosphate - gram 4;
- gishiri - 3-4 grams;
- takin mai magani - 4-5 grams.
Yakamata a shayar da ƙasa kafin takin don hana konewa.
Eningarfafa
Kwanaki 14 kafin sauka dole ne a tsire shuki a cikin ƙasa. Hardening an yi kamar haka:
- A rana ta farko da ta biyu, buɗe taga don awanni 4-6;
- Don kwanaki 8, sanya shuki a kan loggia ko veranda mai kyalkyali, inuwa daga rana a lokutan hasken rana. Da dare, dole ne a kawo shukar cikin ɗakin;
- Kwanaki 4 kafin dasawa, za a iya barin tsirrai a kan loggia na awoyi 24.
Kwanaki 7 kafin saukarsa ya zama dole dakatar da shayarwa... Sa’o’i 2 kafin dasa shuki a gonar, yakamata a shayar da shukokin da yawa.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
Soilasa don ci gaban kabeji shirya a kaka... Wajibi ne a fara yin zurfin zurfafawa da jira har sai ciyawar ta girma. Bayan halakar da ciyawar, gurɓata shi da sake tono yankin a karo na biyu.
A lokacin bazara, ana shigar da mullein ko rubabben takin a cikin kasar a kan nauyin kilogram 3-4 ta murabba'in mita 1. mita, gram 35-40 na taki na ma'adinai, giram 150-200 na toka na itace da haƙa gadaje mai zurfin 20 cm.
Dasa shukar shuki a cikin buyayyar kasa
Yin dasawa zuwa buɗaɗɗen ƙasa ana yin ta:
- Lokacin da ganyen 5-6 suka bayyana akan shukokin.
- Ana yin dashen ne da yamma;
- Tsayin tsirrai daga 18 zuwa 20 cm;
- Asalin ya bunkasa sosai;
- Launin seedling mai haske ne mai haske.
Ana shuka tsaba a tazara a jere 35-40 cm... Jere tazara 45-50 cm... An zubar da tsagi sosai da ruwa. A cikin zurfin, tsagi ya zama daidai yake da girman tukunyar da aka shuka shukokin a baya. Tona cikin tsirrai tare da ƙasa zuwa ganye na farko.
Ya dace da ci gaban kabeji fili mai kyauinda a baya aka yi kokwamba, albasa, tumatir, dankali.
Clay ƙasa ba ta dace.
Kwanaki 7 bayan dasawa, dole ne ayi sassautawa zuwa zurfin 7 cm... Ana kwance sassautawa a kowane mako zuwa zurfin cm 15. Ya kamata a yi ƙwanƙwasa kwana 30 bayan dasawa.
Ana sake yin tudu lokacin da ganyen suka fara rufewa tare. A yayin ci gaba, dole ne a ciyar da kabeji tare da maganin sanyin taki ko takin mai magani. Don kare kabeji daga kwari, ana ba da shawarar a yayyafa shi da toka.
Kwari
Karin kwari na kabeji sun hada da:
- ƙuruƙun gicciye;
- bazara kabeji ya tashi;
- diba da fari;
- kwarin gado;
- aphid;
- wireworm;
- slugs.
Cututtuka da rigakafi
Mafi yawan cututtuka sune:
- baƙar fata;
- mosaic;
- foda mai laushi;
- lilin;
- phomosis;
- bakin tabo.
Game da rashin lafiya mosaic da kuma baki tabo ya zama dole a cire samfurin cuta daga gonar a zubar da ƙasa tare da m bayani na potassium permanganate. Tare da cuta naman gwari ya kamata a kula da kabeji da jan ƙarfe na ƙarfe ko cakuda Bordeaux.
Tsaftacewa da adanawa
An girbe iri na farko a watan Yuli.
Suna amfani da nau'ikan farkon don yin salads, yin cutlets, kabeji mai juyawa. Farkon iri ba a adana su.
Ana girbe ƙarshen iri-iri a ƙarshen Oktoba. Shugabannin kabeji masu nauyi daga gram 500 an bar su don ajiya. An takaita kafa, an bar saman ganye 3 kan kan kabeji. An rufe kawunan kabeji da alli wanda aka niƙa shi kuma aka shimfiɗa shi a cikin busassun ɗaki a kan sigogi na kwana 2-3. Bayan wannan, ana rataye kawunan kabeji daban a cikin raga a ƙarƙashin rufi ko sanya su a cikin kwalaye don kada kawunan kabeji ya sadu da juna. Zafin zafin dakin ya zama tsakanin 0 da +3 digiri. Danshi har zuwa 95%. Don ƙara rayuwar shiryayye, ana buƙatar yanayin daga -1 zuwa -3 digiri.
Lura da irin waɗannan tsire-tsire masu sauƙi da ka'idojin kulawa, ba abu bane mai wahala samin yawan amfanin ƙasa.