Mai tarakta a bayan-gari karamin tarakta ne wanda zai iya sauƙaƙe ƙananan ƙarancin aikin manomi a bayan gida, gidan rani ko farfajiyar gona. Na'urorin don shi suna tantance aikin aikace-aikacen, ana amfani dasu don sassauta ƙasa, dasa dankali da kayan lambu, jigilar kayayyaki, hawa dutse. Babban mahimmin mahimmanci a cikin shawarar sayen tarakta mai tafiya-baya shine girman yankin don aiki.
Yadda ake dasa dankali a karkashin tarakta mai tafiya
Akwai agronomic hanyoyin girma mu ƙaunataccen dankalin turawa, kuma suna da matukar wuya. Wannan al'ada yana da tsarin tushen rauni, sabili da haka yanayin ƙasa dole ne ya cika wasu buƙatu:
- tsari
- haihuwa
- shigar ruwa
- isa dumi
Kayan aiki don nitsar da filin
Da farko kana buƙatar daidaita yankin, garma, sassauta.
Don waɗannan dalilai, ana amfani da na'urori masu motsi a cikin hanyar tarakta mai tafiya-baya, mai noma a kan mota ko ƙaramin tarakta. Mutane sun ƙirƙira tarakta mai tafiya - mafi dacewa, kayan aiki masu arha don dasa dankali.
Daraja manomi shine amfani dashi namo abun yanka ana aiwatar da shirye-shiryen ƙasa, ana yanke gadaje don shuka kuma ana yin noman tsakanin jere har zuwa girbi na tushen amfanin gona.
Traananan taraktoci anyi amfani dashi a ƙananan gonaki don huɗa, jigilar kaya, yankuna masu tsabta. Duk ƙananan kayan aiki suna magance tambayoyi iri ɗaya: yadda za a taimaka wa ma'aikatan noma.
Kayan aiki da aka bi
An haɓaka abubuwan haɗe-haɗe don tractor-bayan tarakta: hillers, garma, shukar dankalin turawa. Masu aikin lambu sun fi son samun na'urar da ke dauke da tsaunuka a gonar, wacce ke ba da ranta don daidaita faɗin aikin da kansu.
A ciki ana la'akari da girman fili da kuma irin dankali.
Saukowa karkashin garma
Ya fi dacewa mutane biyu su dasa dankali a ƙarƙashin garmar. Mutum daya yayi amfani da dabarar, na biyun kuma ya ɗora tubers ɗin a cikin furgin.
Hanya a cikin kishiyar shugabanci yana tare da ƙulli furus ɗin tare da ƙasa. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar sau da yawa, kuma a nan babu buƙatar yiwa yankin alama don shuka a gaba.
Aiki tare da diski hiller
Ana aiwatar da dasa shuki tare da hiller na diski. Wannan na'urar bututun ƙarfe ce ga na'urar motoblock a cikin tsari na firam na musamman wanda aka dakatar da fayafan ƙarfe a kusurwa zuwa farfajiyar ƙasa.
Mai bayarwa ba wai kawai yana yanke dutsen don dasawa ba, amma kuma yana kwance kasa.
Dankalin itacen
Shuka tare da mai dankalin turawa ya bambanta da hanyoyin da muka ambata a baya a cikin wannan alamar, ba a buƙatar yada tubers a hannu. Wannan tsari yana da cikakkiyar inji.
Amfani da dankalin turawa yana da kyau a cikin manyan yankuna... Amma takamaiman ƙirar kayan aiki yana buƙatar ƙarin zaɓi mai kyau na kayan iri a girma.
Aikace-aikacen mai hawa biyu
Hakanan ana amfani da wasu na'urori, misali, mai hawa mai layi biyu. Zai yi kama da cewa ya kamata a rage aikin a rabin lokaci. Amma akwai fasalolin dasa dankali tare da tarakta mai tafiya a bayan-baya tare da mai hawa biyun jere.
Tare da wannan fasaha, combs biyu lokaci guda... Sarrafar da tsaunuka biyu a lokaci ɗaya yana da wahala, saboda haka mutane suna ƙoƙari su sauƙaƙe tsarin shuka.
Motoblock Neva
Sun fara samar da kananan kayan aiki na shuke-shuke a cikin tarayyar Rasha da kasashen tsohuwar USSR tuntuni. Jagora a wannan hanyar shine kasuwancin Krasny Oktyabr - Neva.
Fiye da shekaru goma, masu zane-zane suna aiki, ana ƙware da sababbin samfuran, ana inganta hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa. Sakamakon ayyukan ƙirar ƙira, ƙungiya ta fito don aiwatarwa ayyuka masu yawa na nome.
Gaisuwa
Na biyu mafi mashahuri motoblock "Salute" 6.5 HP... Don dasa dankali, kuna buƙatar samun, ban da naúrar, ƙarin garma, mai tudu, kuma sama da duka, na'urar don mannewa a ƙasa.
Dasa dankali tare da tarakta mai tafiya-bayan tarakta yana kama da wannan: inji yana tafiya ta daya bangaren kuma yankan rami don shuka iri, raka'a ɗaya take komawa kuma rufe furrow tare da ƙasa.
An bayyana keɓaɓɓiyar tarakta a bayan zaɓin abubuwan haɗe-haɗe masu dacewa.
MTZ
Motoblocks MTZ ya zo mana daga Soviet Minsk Tractor Shuka, suna da mashahuri har ma a yanzu, suna da buƙata tsakanin yawan mutanen Rasha.
Mafi karancin injin aikin gona shine multifunctional kuma m... Kokarin cika aikin ta.
Misalin yana da rashin amfani:
- akwai matsaloli tare da sauya kayan aiki;
- yana buƙatar ɗaukar ƙarfin jiki lokacin sauya bambancin.
Kowane shugaban zartarwa na kasuwanci ya samo wa kansa kayan aiki gwargwadon la'akari da farashi da maslaha. Abubuwan da ake buƙata don ayyukan agronomic ba su canzawa.
Hanyar aiki
Yadda ake huɗa tare da tarakta mai tafiya don baya dankali? Don samun ingantaccen girbin dankali, kuna buƙatar bin ƙa'idojin noman ƙasa, kula da tsirrai, gami da noman jere, da girbi a kan kari.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa don dankali
Mataki na farko zuwa nasara a cikin gwagwarmayar girbin tushen albarkatu shine shirya ƙasa don dasa dankali tare da tarakta mai tafiya-a baya. Don fara aikin bazara a gonar, kuna buƙata ƙayyade yankin don dankali.
Don wannan, kuna buƙatar nemo bushe wuri tare da yashi mai yashi... Ana ba da shawarar sassauta ƙasa a lokacin bushe. Bai kamata a juya layin ƙasa yayin ɓarkewar bazara ba.
Tsarin noman ya dogara ne kacokan akan nau'in ƙasar.
Compositionungiyar ƙasa tana ƙaddara kawai:
- an ɗauki ƙaramin ƙasa an jiƙa shi da ruwa;
- ball yana birgima daga wannan kasar, kwalliya ba za ta yi aiki daga kasar yashi ba;
- an zare tsiri daga ƙwallan, idan bai yi aiki ba - ƙasa tana da yashi mai yashi;
- sakamakon shi ne tsiri - loamy ko clayey ƙasa.
Zurfin sakawa
Mafi dacewa da dankali yashi, nau'in yashi mai yashi... Maigidan ya yanke shawara da kansa yadda zurfin da zai shuka dankali tare da tarakta mai tafiya a baya.
Sandasa mai yashi mai haske da yashi mai yashi yana isar da iska, saboda haka baza ku iya yanke ƙwanjin ba, amma ku dasa su a cikin rami. Girman zurfin noman ya dogara da dukiyar ƙasa kuma ƙimar mafi kyau duka ita ce 12 cm.
Yadda ake duba shiri
Ana shirya tarakta mai tafiya a baya don aiki kamar haka:
- tabbatar matakin mai da mai a cikin tsarin, idan ya cancanta, ƙara zuwa darajar da ake buƙata;
- Tabbatar an buɗe maɓallan keken motar;
- bude bawul din samar da mai;
- matsar da wutar kunnawa zuwa matsayin "Kunnawa";
- cire igiya mai farawa ka ja shi da ƙarfi har injin ya fara.
Tsarin aiki
Tsarin dasa shuki ya kunshi dukkanin ayyukan tun daga shirye-shiryen kayan aiki da iri zuwa kammalawar ramin shuka. Fasahohin kere-kere sun bunkasa ta hanyoyi daban-daban, har ma ya danganta da yanayin yanayi.
A kowane yanayi, manoma suna yin aiki a wannan lokacin pre-shuka selection, vernalization da germination na tubers... Don dasa shuki zabi tubers a cikin taro 35-50 g... An binne tsiro a cikin ƙasa lokacin da suke kauri da koren.
Maganin bayan tsire-tsire
Bayan germination, ana sarrafa dankali domin kara kwayar cuta, kara yawan amfanin ƙasa, rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin cutar ƙarshen cutar, cututtuka da kwari.
Yankan furanni
An shirya iri, kayan shirye-shiryen noman ƙasar sun kasance a shirye, tambaya akan lokaci ta taso game da yadda ake yanke buhunan dankalin tare da tarakta mai tafiya a bayan-baya. Tsakanin tsakiyar lokaci da ƙarshen iri dankalin turawa an dasa su a jere a nesa har zuwa 35 cm, kuma ana ajiye tazarar jere a cm 60. Ana kiyaye tazarar yankan tsakanin layuka na farkon iri tsakanin 50 cm
Yankan gadaje
Mutane suna amfani da fasaha gwargwadon yanayin su. Tare da taimakon tarakta mai tafiya-bayan baya, ana yanka ramuka ko gadaje. Akwai amsa ga buƙata kan yadda ake yanke gadaje don dankali tare da tarakta mai tafiya-a baya.
Dole ne a fara yin gado na farko daidai akan mai mulki... A jere na gaba sun sauke dabaran bin sahun jere na baya... Duk abin ya zama daidai idan kun sanya igiyoyin tsawo a kan ƙafafun roba, hašawa da hiller mai layi biyu, saita wukake daidai a tsakiyar.
Matsayin garma
Mene ne garma don dasa dankali don tafiya-bayan tarakta shine saurin. Yanke burushin, sa dankalin, koma baya, kuma taraktan da ke bayan-baya yana rufe tsagi. An sanya furcin na gaba daga nesa kusan 70 cm.
Garma a gida
Farmerswararrun manoma a sauƙaƙe suna yin garma na gida don dasa dankali tare da tarakta mai tafiya a baya. Sun fahimci fifikon farashin samfur da hannayensu.
Bugu da kari, da kimar kimar sigogi sauƙaƙe aiki, garma ba ta fita daga cikin furrow ba. Ana sarrafa garma yayin aiki kuma yana ba da fa'idodi.
An haɗa garma a gida tare da wasu haɗe-haɗe.
Mai gyaran mota
Hakanan ana dasa shuki dankali tare da injin motsa jiki. An sanye shi da akwatin gearbox da masu yankan kayan kwalliya, ya bambanta da tarakta mai tafiya a baya, wanda yake da ƙafafu.
A halin kaka, wannan rukunin na kashewa mai rahusa... Noman dankali ya hada da amfani da garma.
Tsarin iri iri
Bayan dasa shuki da tsiro, ana ci gaba da kulawa da shuka. Tsarin dankali tsakanin dankalin turawa yana samar da tsafta sassauta ƙasa a kusa da amfanin gona jere. Ana yin aikin da hannu, amma wannan aiki ne mai wahala.
Yin aiki tare da ƙaramin tarakta yana hanzarta aikin, yana adana ƙarfin ɗan adam. Haɗe-haɗe suna yin aikin sosai da sauri. Ana amfani da masu hawa a nan.
Wannan shine yadda makircin dasa dankali tare da tarakta mai tafiya a baya - 35 cm tsakanin tubers, 60 cm tsakanin layuka.
Amfanin mai hawan dutse
Fa'idodi na mai hawan dutse yana cikin ƙwarewar sa:
- yana yin furushi lokacin dasa shuki;
- loosens kasar qualitatively;
- spud shuke-shuke.
Gwanin ciyawa
Weeds a cikin lambun suna girma kusa da dankali. Domin share yankin daga ciyawa amfani da kayan aiki na musamman.
Gulma tare da harrow abu ne mai sauki. An haɗu da igiyoyin harrow a kan raga kuma suna fuskantar ƙasa, an dakatar da raga daga firam. Na'urar fasaha tana jan wannan ja a filin, yayin motsawa tana fitar da ciyawar.
Yi amfani da harro lokacin da sako ya bayyana bayan an huce kafin tsiron.
Don haka, noman dankalin turawa, wanda dukkanin jama'ar ke kauna, yana buƙatar tsari na musamman ga kansa. Noma yana da alaƙa da hanyoyin noma da yawa. Masu zane-zane da masana'antun ƙaramin inji suna ba da kyaututtuka ga ma'aikatan karkara.