Shuka dankali a cikin hanyar Dutch wata dabara ce da ke la'akari da kowane ɗan ƙarami. Lokacin dasa shuki ta amfani da wannan fasaha, har zuwa 250-300 kilogiram na tubers ana girbewa daga murabba'in mita ɗari.
Fasahar Dutch ta ba da dankali:
- isasshen dumi;
- wadatar oxygen zuwa asalinsu;
- takin zamani.
Girma dankali ta amfani da fasahar Holland
Yaya yawan fasahohi don noman dankali akwai
Baya ga noman gargajiya da na Holan, akwai wasu sabbin hanyoyin: Sinanci; fasahar da Jacob Meatlider, Ph.D. a fannin Noma, Amurka; hanyar Galina Aleksandrovna Kizima, wacce ta yi yarinta a ƙauyen aiki a Kudancin Urals.
Abin da iri sun dace
Masana sun bayar da shawarar sabunta dankalin turawa duk bayan shekaru 4, saboda yana iya yin rashin lafiya.
Nau'o'in daga Holland ba su da kariya daga cututtuka, suna da kwazo sosai, amma ba su ba bai dace da shuka a arewacin Rasha ba... Zai fi kyau dasa shnan cikin gida iri iri waɗanda aka daidaita don yanayin gida can.
Ana buƙatar dasa dankalin farko da ƙarshen marigayi a cikin ƙasar.
Ya dace Yaren mutanen Holland dankalin turawa:
- Anosta - da wuri. Tubers rawaya ne, har ma. Thean maƙogwaro yana da mau kirim Dankali ba shi da kariya daga nematodes.
- Jajan Scarlett - da wuri. Tubers jajaye ne, naman fari ne fari-fari, baya canza launi idan ya dahu.
- Impala - farkon sa. An dasa shi duka a cikin yankunan tsakiyar Rasha da kuma a Gundumar Tarayyar Siberia. Yana daukar kwanaki 50 daga shukokin farko zuwa girbi.
- Jarl - da wuri. Mara ma'ana cikin kulawa, ana shuka su har ma a ƙasashe masu ƙarancin ruwa.
- Kafin - da wuri. Ya na da rigakafi ga hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri cututtuka, nematodes, marigayi Blight.
- Romano - tsakiyar-farkon. Tubers masu launin ruwan hoda ne, jiki yana da fari-fari. Yin rigakafi zuwa ƙarshen buguwa
- Monaliza - tsakiyar-farkon. Yana da kariya ga dukkan cututtuka.
- Sante - tsakiyar lokacin. Tumbu ruwan rawaya ne, naman yana da kirim. Juriya ga lalacewar inji.
- Eba - matsakaici marigayi Yin rigakafi ga cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Tubers suna da rawaya.
Na gida iri
- Nevsky - tsakiyar farkon iri-iri. Ba shi da kariya daga nematode, ciwon daji, scab, mosaic da sauran cututtuka. Amma debe - ana adana tubers a zazzabi na kusan digiri 0, in ba haka ba zasu tsiro.
- Zhukovsky da wuri... Yana da kariya daga cuta. Yana da dandano sosai, amma akwai sitaci kadan a cikin tubers, saboda haka baya tafasa. Zaka iya tattara kilogiram 600 na dankali daga murabba'in mita ɗari.
- Sa'a - farkon sa. Yana da kariya ga dukkan cututtuka. Tumbu ruwan rawaya ne, jiki fari-fari ne.
- Zdabytak - marigayi sa. Yin rigakafi ga cututtuka. Akwai babban sitaci a cikin tubers.
Shin wannan hanyar ta dace da noman dankali a kasar
Ana shuka dankali a filayen, ta amfani da fasaha, da kuma a gidajen rani, ana yin dukkan ayyukan da hannu.
Fasaha daki-daki
Menene hanyar Dutch
- Don girma tubers, ana ɗaukar nau'ikan daga Holland, ba tare da cututtuka ba, wanda yawancin tubers suke girma. Kuma a cikin yankunan arewacin Rasha, ana shuka iri iri iri na gida. Zaɓi zaɓi lafiyayyu tubers... Canja nau'in da kuka shuka.
- An zaɓi albarkatun Tuber suna da 3-5 cm a diamita, tare da 100% germination.
- Dangane da tsarin shuka, an shuka 1 m2 6-8 tubers... Ga alama ga mai lambu na Rasha cewa da irin wannan shukar, ƙasar ba komai a banza, amma bisa ga wannan fasahar, ƙayatacciyar bishiya suna girma, suna da tushe masu ƙarfi, kuma girbin ya fi na tsarin shuka na gargajiya.
- Har ila yau, Yaren mutanen Holland suna ciyar da dankali, la'akari da bukatun wannan nau'ikan.
- Ana buƙatar spud kuma ƙara combs 10 cm tsayi.
- Dole ne ayi girbi akan lokaci. Idan kuna buƙatar iri, to an kwashe dankalin wata ɗaya sama da tubers ɗin da aka yi niyyar amfani dashi.
Zaɓi da shirye-shiryen kayan iri
Don dasa shuki, har ma an zabi tubers masu lafiya. diamita 3-5 cm, Mafi kyau iri.
Bai kamata a zabi dankalin Turawa ba, wadanda suke karami a cikin girma, tunda manyan bishiyun za su yi rauni sosai. Ana shuka manyan dankali ne kawai idan girbin ya fito ne daga irinsu. Kowane tuber da aka zaba yana da idanu 5.
Wata daya kafin a dasa, an dasa dankali. Ana dasa dankali lokacin da ganye a idanun yakai cm 0.5, amma wannan na inji ne.
Ana buƙatar zaɓar lokacin dasawa daidai don tsiro ba su mutu daga sanyi mai komowa ba. Ana sanya tubers a hankali cikin buhunan polyethylene tare da abin da za'ayi, lokacin da tsiron yakai tsayin cm 0.5. Don haka ya dace da jigilar dankali zuwa wurin sauka. Don aikin dasa hannu, suna jira har sai sprouts, sanya a cikin jaka filastik, girma zuwa 2.5-3 cm.
Noman ƙasar kafin a dasa
Dankali ba zai yi rauni sosai ba kuma ba zai cutu da kwari ba idan aka dasa shi wuri ɗaya kowace shekara 3... Ana buƙatar ba wa ƙasa hutawa kuma ba a shuka komai ba tsawon shekara 1, amma a sare ciyawar. Idan baku da wannan damar, to ku dasa tubers ɗin a wurin da wake, wake, hatsi, hatsin rai ya girma kafin.
Phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen sun bazu a wani wuri mai faɗi a lokacin faduwar kuma an haƙa ƙasa zuwa zurfin 22-27 cm.
Idan kana da gangare, to a cikin bazara, kada ka tono ƙasa kuma kada ka sanya rigar sama, tunda a lokacin bazara ambaliyar zata kwashe dukkan abubuwan gina jiki.
Kulawa
- A cikin bazara suna haƙa ƙasa yi rami mai zurfin 6-8... Nisa tsakanin layuka an kiyaye shi a 75 cm, kuma tsakanin ramuka - 30 cm Amma irin wannan nesa mai nisa yana da fa'idarsa:
- Pouredasa don tudu an zubo daga aisles, saboda wannan, tubers suna sama da hanyoyin. Haskoki suna haskakawa ta hanyar hasken rana, kuma ana ba da iskar oxygen ga tushen tushen.
- Yankin giciye na dutsen yana 1200-1500 cm².
- Tare da ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya, ruwan ba ya sauka a karkashin daji, kamar yadda yake a cikin layukan;
- A yanayin zafi da ruwan sama, akwai isasshen danshi a cikin dutsen don kada dankalin ya mutu daga fari zuwa ruwan sama ko ruwa.
- Da farko an saka rubabben taki ko humus a cikin ramin
- Sannan sai a kara toka 100 g da dintsi na nikakken bawon kwai, da kuma danyar albasar albasa, wacce za ta tsoratar da masu kunnen doki da slugs.
- Tubul sanya shi a cikin rijiyoyin tsiro kuma yayyafa da ƙasa.
- Idan kaga ciyayi sun girma, cire su.
- Lokacin da tsire-tsire suka yi girma, zuga su don tsaunuka su sami tsayi 10 cm.
- Idan akwai barazanar sanyi, to sai a yayyafa samari da ƙasa, sannan a tanƙwara manyan dogayen a yayyafa su da ƙasa. Lokacin da yanayi ya sake ɗumi, sai a ɗaga dazuzzuka a zuba tare da ruwa daga kwandon shayarwa.
- Bayan kwana 14 da dasa shuki, aka ciro ciyawa, da kasar gona daga layuka yafa masa ciyawa don haka raƙuman sun zama kusan 25 cm tsayi, nisa daga cikin raƙuman a tushe shine 75 cm, kuma a saman - 30 cm.
- Lokacin da ƙwaro na Colorado ya kai hari, ana fesa daji a cikin ƙwari.
- Idan akwai fari, to ana shayar da bishiyoyi sau 1-3 a kowace kaka (sau 1-2 kafin burodi su yi fure, sau ɗaya - lokacin da furannin suka yi fure).
Yaushe da yadda ake girbi
Yanke saman da farko, sa'annan ku tono daji bayan kwana 10.
Sannan bawon zai yi karfi, kuma dankalin zai iya kwanciya na karin lokaci ba tare da ya lalace ba.
Wato, shuka dankalin turawa a cikin hanyar Dutch shine dasa tubers a tazarar 30 cm, yana lura da tazara tsakanin layuka na cm 70. Hakanan an zubo shi da tsaunuka masu tsayi da la'akari da buƙatar dankali cikin takin zamani.