Gogaggen lambu sun daɗe sun lura cewa lokacin da suke girma tumatir daga tsire-tsire, yawan amfanin ƙasa da rigakafin tsire-tsire ya fi yadda ake shuka iri nan da nan kan gado mai buɗewa. Shuka shukoki a gida ba zai zama da wahala ba idan ka bi wasu buƙatu ka kuma kula da su yadda ya kamata.
Daidai lokacin shuka shukar tumatir
Kwanan kwanakin shuka daidai yadda aka ayyana zasu zama mabuɗin kyakkyawan ci gaban daji da yalwar 'ya'yanta. Shuka tsaba don shuka ya zama dole 55-60 kwanaki kafin dasa shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa.
A cikin yankuna daban-daban, lokacin saukarwa ya dogara da yanayin yanayi. Misali:
- a cikin Ukraine da kudancin Rasha, dole ne a yi shuka daga 15 zuwa 20 ga Fabrairu;
- a tsakiyar Rasha - daga 15 zuwa 20 ga Maris;
- a Arewacin Rasha - daga 1 zuwa 15 ga Afrilu.
Shirya iri
Da farko dai, ya zama dole a zabi irin tumatir masu dacewa don shuka.
Wannan na bukatar jiƙa su a cikin maganin sodium chloride na tsawan minti 10... Cire tsaba mai iyo saboda basu dace da shuka ba. Kurkura kuma ku kashe waɗanda suka zauna a ƙasa a cikin maganin 1% na potassium permanganate, tsoma tsaba a ciki cikin adiko na goge na mintina 10.
Kalli lokacin da kyau don kar a fidda zuriyar a cikin maganin, saboda hakan zai rage tsirowa.
Dole ne a jika ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin mai tallata ci gaban don ingantaccen ƙwayar cuta. Bayan haka, aiwatar da aikin hargitsi ta sanya su a cikin jakar zane a cikin firiji na kwana ɗaya. Gasa tsaba daɗaɗaɗɗen tsaba don awanni 8 a zazzabi + 21 digiri.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
Mix ƙasa daga gonar a cikin sassa daidai tare da yashi kogin yashi, peat ko humus kuma ƙara toka don daidaita matakin acidity. Ready ƙasa yana bukatar kwayar cutar domin kiyaye cututtuka.
Ana iya yin hakan ta hanyoyi biyu:
- Yana da kyau a shayar da ƙasa tare da zafin zafi na manganese mai ƙarfi;
- Asa ƙasa a cikin tanda na 15-20 minti a zazzabi na digiri na 190-210.
Shuka iri a gida
Zuba ƙasa da aka shirya a cikin kwantena, daidaita sosai. Shuka tsaba a cikin tsagi mai zurfi 0.5-0.7 cm a nesa 2.5 cm baya. Yayyafa da siririn ƙasa na ƙasa, moisten tare da kwalba mai fesawa kuma rufe shi da filastik.
Matsar da akwatin zuwa ɗaki mai duhu tare da yawan zafin jiki + 27 + 28 digiri... Dole ne a buɗe polyethylene a wannan lokacin don ba tsaba damar iskar oxygen. Yi ƙwan ƙasa kamar yadda ake buƙata. Lokacin da tsiro na farko suka bayyana, cire polyethylene ɗin kuma canja wurin akwatin zuwa ɗaki mai haske sosai.
Danshi daki ya zama a kalla 80%. Don yin wannan, suna sanya ruwa a cikin ɗakin kusa da batirin.
Yanayin cikin gida na makon farko ya zama da rana + 13 + 15 digiri, da dare + 8 + 10 digiri... A sati na biyu, ana ƙara zafin jiki da digiri 4 a rana da daddare.
Hasken wuta
Bayan tohuwa, yakamata a biya kulawa ta musamman ga haske da kulawa. Ya kamata a saka kwandon tsiro a kan windowsill mafi haske.
Idan babu wadataccen haske, ana ba da shawara ga shuke-shuke don ƙirƙirar ƙarin hasken-agogo na kwana uku na farko. Ana iya yin hakan ta amfani da fitilu masu kyalli. A nan gaba, tsawon lokutan hasken rana ya zama aƙalla awanni 16.
Shayarwa
Dole ne a yi shayar Sau ɗaya a rana ta amfani da kwalba mai fesawa... Ba shi yiwuwa a sha ruwa daga kwandon shayarwa, don haka har yanzu tsarin tushensa mai rauni bai lalace da rafin ruwa ba.
Ruwan ya zama a cikin zafin jiki na ɗaki. Ya kamata a yi shayar a cikin matsakaici, saboda yawan danshi zai haifar da cututtukan fungal.
Top miya
Dole ne a yi ciyarwa ta farko Kwanaki 14 bayan bayyanar harbe-harbe na farko... A nan gaba, yi amfani kowane mako.
Tumataccen ciyawar kaza ko farfesun kaza suna aiki mafi kyau ga tumatir. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da toka, farfashe ƙwai, narkewar bawon albasa. Takin takin dole ne bayan an sha ruwa safe da yamma. Ana amfani da takin mai magani ga asalin yankin.
Nutsa ganye
Idan an shuka tsaba sosai, to dole ne a fara ɗaukar farko 10 kwanaki bayan farko germination... Ana shuka tsire-tsire a hankali, tunda dasa tsire-tsire da basu balaga ba yana lalata su sosai.
Ana dasa shuki a cikin allunan peat ko tabaran roba tare da damar gram 200.
Dole ne a yi dasawa ta gaba idan suna kan tsire-tsire zanen gado biyu... Dole ne a dasa shi cikin tukwane mai ƙarfin lita 1. Dole ne a yi wannan a hankali, cire tsire-tsire daga gilashi tare da ƙasa, don kada ya lalata tsarin tushen rauni har yanzu. Bayan dasawa, dole ne a shayar da tsire-tsire tare da kwalba mai fesawa.
Pinching
Ana yin hanyar tsinkewa ta yadda matakai ba za su rage saurin babban tushe ba. Ya zama dole a share su har zuwa lokacin har sai sun girma zuwa 5 cm... Wannan aikin zai zama mara zafi ga shuka.
Bayan dasawa, ana bada shawara tsunkule kara kanta... Sannan dukkan iko za'a nufeshi zuwa 'ya'yan itacen. Don iri-iri masu tsayi, ana ba da shawarar tsunkule cikin tushe biyu.
A lokaci guda, ban da babban akwatin, saura saura ɗaya, wanda daga baya zai zama tushe na biyu. Tare da wannan nau'in tsunkulen, 'ya'yan itacen za su yi girma a hankali, amma yawan amfanin ƙasa zai ƙaru sosai.
Eningarfafa
Bayan fitowan kan shuka zanen gado uku dole ne ya taurare. Wannan zai taimaka wa tsirrai don dacewa da sauyin yanayi da inganta rigakafin cututtuka.
A kwanakin farko na taurarawa a cikin daki, ana buɗe taga na mintina 20. Dole ne a kula sosai don tabbatar da cewa babu abubuwan da aka zana kuma ba iska mai iska mai sanyi zuwa ga tsirrai ba.
Bayan kwanaki masu zuwa, ana fitar da tsirrai zuwa sararin sama na awanni 2 a farko, to lokacin ya ƙaru zuwa cikakken hasken rana. Kwana biyu kafin dasa shuki, ana barin shukar akan titi na kwana daya.
Alamun banbanci tsakanin tsirrai masu lafiya
- tsawo 30-35 cm;
- lokacin farin ciki mai ƙarfi;
- Samuwar Takaddun 10-12;
- launi na ganye kore ne mai duhu;
- kafa inflorescences.
Kurakurai gama gari lokacin da suke girma
- rashin dacewa da tsaba don shuka shuki (ba a yi zaɓi ba);
- gurɓataccen ƙasa (ƙasa mai nauyi ko ba cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta);
- rashin bin tsarin yanayin zafi;
- rashin hasken wuta (wuce gona da iri na shuke-shuke);
- farkon kwanakin shuka;
- rashi ko wuce gona da iri;
- rashin tauri;
- rashin dasawa na zamani.
Ya kamata a dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa lokacin da sanyi ya wuce, to zai yiwu a sami nasarar adana shi.
A lokacin saukar jirgin, ya kamata shekarun shuke-shuke su kasance 55-60 kwanaki... Ba a ba da shawarar wadatar da shuke-shuke ba, saboda wannan zai rage yawan amfanin ƙasa da muhimmanci. Ana saukowa daga farkon Mayu zuwa tsakiyar Yuni, ya dogara da yankin.
Amincewa da waɗannan shawarwarin shine mabuɗin don haɓaka ƙoshin lafiya, ƙwayoyi masu ƙarfi da samun wadatar amfanin ƙasa.