An yarda da shi gaba ɗaya don yin la'akari da inabi a matsayin tsire-tsire wanda ke tsiro musamman a ƙasashen kudu. Wannan ra'ayin ba daidai bane kuma bashi da mahimmanci a yau. Godiya ga masu kiwo na cikin gida da na waje, ana cika yawan nau'ikan lokaci-lokaci tare da sabbin abubuwan ci gaba, An daidaita shi zuwa yanayi daban-daban na yanayi, bayani game da abin da aka gabatar a ƙasa.
Girma inabi a yankuna daban-daban na Rasha
Territoryasar Rasha tana da faɗi, don haka yanayi a yankuna na iya bambanta sosai. A yankuna da yawa na ƙasar, ana samun nasarar shuka irin su inabi. Bugu da kari, itacen inabi ba shi da ma'ana ga kasar, sai dai wadanda suka hada da gishiri da dausayi. Kafin dasa shukar iri, kasar gona ta hadu da kwayoyin halitta. Ya isa wadatar da ƙasa sau ɗaya a shekara. Lokacin zaɓar wuri, yana da kyau la'akari da cewa rayuwar rayuwar shuka kusan shekaru 25-30 ne, sabili da haka, farashi mai tsayi na m 1.5 ya zama dole daga ganuwar shinge da gine-gine. Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka shine kaka, watau Satumba. Amma lokacin na iya bambanta ya danganta da yanayin yanayin yankuna.
Don ɗaukar kyakkyawan girbi daga itacen inabi, kuna buƙatar zaɓar nau'ikan da aka ba da shawarar don girma a cikin wasu yanayi.
Yankin Krasnodar
Yanayin yanayi na Yankin Krasnodar ana ɗaukarsa mafi dacewa ga inabi, saboda haka mafi kyawun iri an shuka su akan wannan yankin. Rabon ranakun dumi a kowace shekara, matsakaicin ruwan sama da hasken rana suna yin kyakkyawan tushe don samar da ingantaccen itingaitinga a cikin gonakin inabi.
Babban kayan inabin yana mai da hankali ne a yankin Anapo-Taman. An rarraba amfanin gonar da aka girba zuwa wasu masana'antu don sarrafawa da kasuwanni don amfani da sabo. Lokacin girbi yana farawa daga shekaru goma na uku na Yuli kuma yana tsayawa har tsakiyar Oktoba.
A cikin Yankin Krasnodar, an yi inabin inabi duka a buɗe kuma ta amfani da mafaka.
Ba shi yiwuwa a lissafa duk nau'ukan da suka girma a yankin Krasnodar Territory, tunda gonakin inabin suna cike da sabbin abubuwan masarufi koyaushe. Wadannan nau'ikan al'adu ana daukar su mafi mashahuri:
Madeleine Angevin
Tsirrai mai kuzari tare da farkon lokacin girki. Girbi yana farawa a tsakiyar watan Agusta. Yawan aiki ya dogara da ingancin zaben, mafi kyawon pollin shine Chasselas, don haka duka an shuka iri biyu kusa da juna. Matsakaicin nauyin bunch ya kai gram 180-200. 'Ya'yan itacen berry sun ƙunshi kashi 15% na sukari da kuma kashi 6,7% na acid.
Lu'u-lu'u Saba
A berries ripen a ƙarshen Yuli - farkon Agusta. Yawan amfanin ƙasa yana da yawa (sama da kilogiram 8 a kowace daji), stepa stepan stepa stepa suna ba da fruita fruita da yawa. Bayan dasa shukokin, shukar tana bada 'ya'ya tsawon shekaru 2-3. Yanayin abun cikin sukari (16%) da acidity (7.3%) yana kusa da ƙimar da ta dace. Yana da karfi mai kariya, yana tsayayya da cututtukan fungal. Saboda karancin kayan shuka, ana yin haifuwa ta hanyar dasawa.
Shasla fari
Yana da ɗayan manyan, wanda aka haɓaka a cikin Kasar Krasnodar. Tsire-tsire ya shiga cikin 'ya'yan itacen da wuri (tuni a cikin shekara ta 2), daji an kafa shi da matsakaiciyar girma, rigakafin yana da ƙarfi, wanda za'a iya gano shi cikin juriya da cututtukan fungal. Berry ya bambanta da babban ɗanɗano (sukari 15%, acid 6.7%) da kuma kyakkyawar zirga-zirga.
Chaush
Wani nau'in balaga da wuri, wanda aka samo a duk yankin, amma a ƙananan yawa. An shirya girbi don girbi a cikin shekaru goma na watan Agusta. A kan manyan bishiyoyi, an haɗo manyan gungu, nauyinsu ya kai gram 420-500. Yawan aiki ya dogara da ingancin zaben, mafi kyawun pollin shine Chasselas, saboda haka ana shuka duka albarkatun cikin kusanci. Manuniya na abun ciki na sukari - 14%, acidity - 6%.
Muscat na Hungary
Shuka ta shiga cikin 'ya'yan itace a cikin shekara ta 3 bayan dasa shuki na tsire-tsire. Gandun daji na Muscat suna da matsakaici tare da inabi masu tasowa na rayayye. Gwanin zuma na 'ya'yan itace yana nuna babban abun cikin sukari (sama da 20%), tare da ƙananan acidity (6.5%). Bungiyoyin matsakaiciyar nauyi sun kai har gram 160-170. An tsara shi don amfani da sabbin 'ya'yan itace da sarrafa shi cikin ruwan' ya'yan itace.
Senso
Shuka ta kasance asalin ƙasar Faransa, tana da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Fiye da kilogiram 7 na berries an cire su daga daji. Inabin ya kai nisan rabin rabin Satumba. 'Ya'yan itacen berry suna da girma, suna da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da halayyar shafa mai ƙyama. Daɗin ɗanɗano ya haɗu da abun cikin sukari (18.3%) da acidity (7%). Matsakaicin gungun matsakaici shine gram 232.
Kirimiya
Babu ƙarancin bambance-bambancen menu na nau'in innabi waɗanda suka girma akan rami. Adadin yawan nau'ikan ya kusan kusan ɗari. Yanayin yanayi mai kyau da yalwar ƙasa yana taimakawa ga yawan amfanin ƙasa. Rashin diba ana biyan shi ta tsarin gonakin inabin tare da tsarin ban ruwa mai danshi. Lokacin dasa shuki, amfani da makirci: 3x1.5 m. Mafi girman gonakin suna cikin yankin mai tsaunuka (gundumar Bakhchisarai), steppe (kusa da Simferopol), haka kuma a cikin yankunan Yalta, Alushta, Sudak.
Daga cikin masu ba da 'ya'ya, waɗannan masu zuwa:
Agadai
Tebur iri-iri asalin Dagestan, ana bambanta shi ta ƙarshen lokacin girbi. Girbi ba zai fara ba kafin 20 ga Satumba. Shuke-shuke yana haɓaka yau da kullun akan ƙasa tare da babban abun ciki na gishiri. Baya ga sabon amfani, ana amfani da amfanin gona don gwangwani da yin ruwan ɗaki.
Albiglio Crimean
Tsarin tsaka-tsalle wanda asalinsa daga Spain ne. Girma don ruwan inabi. Yawan amfanin ƙasa yana da kilo 7-9 a kowane daji. Berry ya ƙunshi sukari 14%, acid 6,7%.
Italiya
Manyan inabi, waɗanda aka tattara a cikin dunkulelen bunches, matsakaicin nauyinsa ya kai gram 450. Yellow-amber berries suna da dandano mai daɗi tare da sanarwar nutmeg.
Cardinal
A berries ripen da karshen watan Agusta. Bungiyoyin friable ne da yawancin inabi, matsakaicin nauyi shine gram 250-350. Dandanon ba sugary bane, kodayake yawan sikarin yakai akalla 16-17%. Ya banbanta cikin juriya da cututtukan fungal da kuma kyakkyawar safara.
Citron Magaracha
Wani nau'in ruwan inabi mai daɗewa. Ingancin dandano da gabatarwa ya sanya Berry a ci da sabo. Nauyin burorin silinda ya kai gram 400. Sugar abun ciki yana da yawa (23%) tare da acidity na 5-7%.
Asabar
Al'adar ta girma don sabon amfani da samar da kayan giya. White berries sunyi a ƙarshen Satumba - farkon Oktoba. An rataye manyan bunches har zuwa 280 gr. Ko bayan an adana su a cikin firiji tsawon watanni 5, inabin bai rasa ɗanɗano da kasuwa ba.
Yankin Astrakhan
Yankin Astrakhan yanki ne mai ni'ima don dasa inabi. Wannan ana sauƙaƙa shi ta yanayin zafi da kasancewar tudun Baer. Tsarin gado mai zurfi na ruwan karkashin kasa ya bar ƙarin dama ga shuke-shuke don jure yanayin sanyi.
Abu mai mahimmanci shine rashin kwari waɗanda ke kawo haɗari ga gonakin inabi.
A tsawon tsawon wanzuwar inabi a sikelin masana'antu, an gwada iri iri 300 akan tsaunin Bair. An lura da mafi girman sakamako tare da noman waɗannan nau'ikan.
Codryanka (fari)
Shuka ta kasance ta ƙarshen matsakaiciyar balaga tare da yanayin girma na kwanaki 130-140. Berries na launin kore-rawaya suna da siffar zagaye-oval, nauyin ɗayan ya kai giram 10-12. Matsakaicin nauyin goga - 600-800 gr., amma kuma akwai ƙattai masu nauyin kilogram 1.2. Shrub din yana iya jure yanayin sanyi zuwa -23 °. Codryanka yana da tsayayya ga mildew da launin toka.
Ni'ima
Da wuri, tare da lokacin ciyayi na kwanaki 110-120. Ya banbanta cikin karin juriya ga cututtukan fungal da fumfuna. Jirin sanyi (har zuwa -25 °) yana ba ka damar jure tsananin hunturu a ƙarƙashin rufin asiri. Amfanin inabi na ni'ima ya fi kilogiram 9 a kowace daji.
Haske kishmish
Pink inabi na matsakaiciyar lokacin farkon tsufa (ciyayi kwanaki 115-125). Abbuwan amfãni: babban dandano, ƙimar kasuwa, rayuwa mai tsayi. Nauyin matsakaitan matsakaici ya kai gram 250-450. Sugar abun ciki - 17-21%, acidity - 6-7%.
Moskovsky
Ganye yana daɗewa yana da ɗanɗano, yana da ɗanɗano na yau da kullun, wanda aka cika shi da ƙwarya da abarba aromas. A al'adu ne resistant zuwa low yanayin zafi, fungal cututtuka. Bunch din karami ne, nauyi bai wuce gram 150 ba.
Yankin Vologda
Ba za a iya kiran yanayin yanayi na wannan yankin da kyau ba, amma a can ma za ku iya yin inabi. Masana'antu suna amfani da nau'ikan da ke jure sanyi. Bugu da ƙari, an rufe su da wani abu na musamman don hunturu. Masu lambu masu zaman kansu sun riga sun saba da dasa cutan a cikin greenhouses. Daga cikin shawarar don tsakiyar band:
- Laura - manyan inabi kore suna da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, bushes yana iya jure hunturu;
- Shunya - manyan 'ya'yan itace masu duhu masu ruwan hoda sun nuna a ƙarshen watan Agusta, tsire-tsire yana da tsayayya ga cuta;
- Nadezhda Aksayskaya - ya nuna a ƙarshen watan Agusta, a ɗanɗano da bayyanar, Berry yayi kama da Arcadia iri-iri;
- Victoria - kyawawan manyan bunches tare da 'ya'yan itace masu zaki, yawan amfanin ƙasa (aƙalla kilo 7 a kowane daji);
- Wanda yake faruwa - ya fara a tsakiyar watan Agusta, 'ya'yan itace masu matsakaici suna da ɗanɗano sosai.
- Gala - manyan fruitsa fruitsan itace, waɗanda aka kirkira su cikin dunƙulelliya, ana gwada su a yankin;
- Cherry - tsire-tsire da wuri, 'ya'yan itace masu matsakaiciyar ruwan hoda mai dauke da sikari mai yawa.
Primorsky Krai
Yanayin yanayin yankin ba ya ba da izinin noman kowane nau'in innabi, saboda haka, an zaɓi waɗanda ke kiwo na musamman tare da juriya na sanyi. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa don lokacin hunturu, an rufe bushes da wani abu na musamman don hana daskarewa.
Adele
An tsara don haɓaka ƙarƙashin murfin. Girman buroshi mai matsakaici ya kai gram 600. Matsakaicin sized berries, launin shuɗi mai duhu. Abubuwan da aka keɓance na iri-iri shine ajiyar lokaci mai tsawo, 'ya'yan inabi suna riƙe gabatarwar su har zuwa hutun Sabuwar Shekara.
Gabas ta Tsakiya Novikov
An farkon ripening duniya iri-iri. Tsayawa sanyi zuwa -28 °, amma yana buƙatar tsari don lokacin hunturu saboda yanayin yanayin Yankin Primorsky. Theungiyar karami ce, tana yin nauyi har zuwa 250 gr., 'Ya'yan itace suna da shuɗi mai duhu tare da sabon abu, amma dandano na asali.
Tauraron Dan Adam
Ganye yana girma da wuri tare da inabi mai ɗanɗano-mai rawaya wanda bai wuce gram 8 ba. Amfani da nau'ikan shine juriya mai sanyi (-30 °), duk da haka, ana buƙatar tsari don lokacin hunturu. 'Ya'yan itacen suna dauke da kashi 16% na sukari da kashi 7-9% na acidity.
Hoda ba sutura ba ce
Early maturing tebur iri-iri. 'Ya'yan itace suna da daɗi sosai (sukari 20%), amma kaɗan. Nauyin nauyi - 150-200 gr. Amfanin gona baya rasa gabatarwa na dogon lokaci, koda akan itacen inabi. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, ana adana shi har zuwa hutun Sabuwar Shekara.
Yankin Rostov
Yanayin yankin Rostov kuma ya dace da haɓaka mafi kyawun nau'in innabi. Akwai isasshen haske, dumi da danshi a nan. Koyaya, don zaɓar nau'ikan (sutura da mara sutura), yakamata ku gani raba yankin cikin sassa 2, sama da ƙasan Kamensk. An ba da shawarar nau'ikan da ba su rufewa don dasawa a kudu.
Ba kowa bane yake da masaniyar cewa ana samar da giya a yankin, wanda shine ainihin mai gasa ga abubuwan shan Faransa. Mashahuri iri sun hada da:
- Ranar soyayya;
- Baƙin kaka;
- Mascot;
- Arcadia;
- Somerset Sidliss et al.
Kowace shekara, masu mallakar gonar inabin suna yin amfani da sabunta nau'ikan nau'ikan, ta hanyar amfani da tabbatattun nau'ikan inabi da sabbin abubuwan ci gaba. Sabuwar hanya da aikace-aikacen sabbin fasahohi ba ka damar kara samun ribar kamfanonin noma, tare da kawo nasarorinsu zuwa matakin duniya.