Ba za ku ba kowa mamaki ba kasancewar kasancewar turkey a cikin yadin kaji a yanzu. Suna girma ne don naman abincin. Levelsananan matakan cholesterol, kewayon bitamin da amino acid suna sa naman turkey ya narke cikin sauƙi. Babban mutum yana samun nauyin rayuwa zuwa 20-30 kg. Koyaya, har yanzu basu shahara kamar kaji ko geese ba. Me ya sa?
Dalili kuwa shine turkeys sun fi sauran tsuntsaye saukin kamuwa da cuta, a cikin buƙatar samar musu da babban yanki don tafiya. Kuma su kansu turkey suna da girma a girma. Da yawa, musamman matan gida, suna tsoron kulawa da su saboda tsoron kada wadannan 'dodanni' su yi musu tsini.
Wannan labarin zaiyi magana game da kulawa mai kyau, ciyarwa, maganin cututtukan cututtukan turkey a gida.
Adana turkey a cikin masana'antar masana'antu da gida
Ganin gaskiyar cewa turkeys babban tsuntsu ne, mai girman kai, kiyaye su a gida yana da takamaiman abin da ya dace. A cikin samar da masana'antu wani lokacin suna amfani da salon salula wajen kiwo. A gida - kusan kusan fi son tafiya.
Hanyar salula
Ya shafi kawai ga hasken tsuntsaye breeds. Wannan yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da nauyin rayuwarsu. Ba a ajiye kawuna sama da biyu a keji ɗaya ba. Maza sun rabu da mata. Shuka turkeys har zuwa tsawon watanni 4... Hakanan yana da kyau a kiyaye ci gaban matasa a cikin keji don siyarwa har zuwa wata ɗaya da rabi.
Amfaninta:
- ceton sarari saboda yiwuwar kiyayewa a cikin hawa biyu. Tare da wannan hanyar, ana sanya ƙwayoyin tare da hanyoyin. Ingancin amfani da yankin ya ninka;
- ta hanyar adana sarari dabbobin da ke gidan kaji guda za a iya ninka su sau 1.7-1.8;
- tsuntsu ya fi sauki ga aiki, yawan ayyukan ma'aikata na ma'aikata ya karu.
Akwai ƙarin fa'idodi da yawa irin wannan abun.... Wannan shine dalilin cewa wannan hanyar ba ta sami amfani mai yawa ba:
- ƙarfin girma yana raguwa kananan dabbobi bayan sun cika wata daya;
- haifuwa tana raguwa a cikin maza da mata;
- akwai rauni daga jijiyoyin kafa saboda karancin fili. Tun da tsuntsu yana da nauyi, tsokoki suna buƙatar motsa jiki na lokaci-lokaci;
- fuka-fuki sun karye, Tunda girman su babba ne, kuma fannin abin da ke ciki yana da iyaka;
- Turkeys da turkeys sun fi damuwa, kuma suna jin tsoro, daga ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasawa suna tayar da cutar mahaukaciya, ana bugawa a keji kuma galibi, fasa ƙofofi, faɗuwa zuwa ƙasa, karɓar raunin kashi;
- Ba dole ba ana ajiye kitse a cikin hanta.
Tafiya hanya
Ta wannan hanyar kiwo, tsuntsun ya ji sauki. Ya bambanta kadan daga kiyaye kaji ko geese. Ana amfani da buɗaɗɗun tafiya da hanyar aviary.
Tafiya a waje
Wannan shine mafi kyawun zaɓi na abun ciki. Amma yana buƙatar kasancewar mutum koyaushe. Tare da wannan hanyar, da rana, ana sakin garken turkey a kan titi zuwa wuraren kiwo wanda bai dace da noma ba. Tsuntsu da ake bi a hankali yana samo wa kansa abinci, wanda ba'a iyakance shi ga tsirrai kawai ba. Turkeys za su shawo kan kusan duk abin da ya zo musu: kwari, gami da wadanda ke cutar da amfanin gona, da beraye, da wasu kananan dabbobi. Lokacin da zafin ya zo (idan ana yin tafiya a lokacin rani), garken garken yana ɓoye a cikin inuwar bishiyoyi ko gine-ginen da aka watsar. Da farkon balaga, ana raba maza da mata kuma kiwo daban. Yawancin abincin ya ƙunshi ciyawa da hatsi. Kuna iya sakin tsuntsu don yawo a waje lokacin da ya kai wata ɗaya da rabi.
Fa'idodin wannan hanyar kiyayewa:
- duka haifuwa;
- kamuwa da cuta yana raguwa ta hanyar karfafa rigakafi;
- ƙananan farashin ciyarwa ta hanyar cin koren taro;
- kiwon lafiya kiwon lafiya ingantasaboda akwai motsa jiki na yau da kullun da lodin tsari akan tsokoki;
- girma girma yana ƙaruwa kaji;
- ba a bukata babu karin jari.
Rashin amfani:
- tare da wannan hanyar na tafiya kullum yana buƙatar kasancewar mutum.
Kafin sakin garken don tafiya, dole ne a fara bincika yankin don kasancewar rijiyoyin da aka watsar, ramuka masu zurfi, da magungunan ƙwari.
Hanyar Aviary
Ana yin jirgin sama na turkey iri ɗaya kamar yadda ake kiyaye kaji ko geese. Babban bambanci - girman yadin dole ne ya zama babba. An gina shi a kan farashin murabba'in mita 10 a kowane kai. I, don ƙunshe da kawuna 20, kuna buƙatar shinge fili na murabba'in mita 200.
Idan za ta yiwu, toshe shinge iri biyu daidai. Ana canza su lokaci-lokaci don kiwo da tafiya. Idan babu wani yanki kyauta, to yana da kyau a bar yankin tafiya na 10 m2 a kowane kai, kuma kar a rage, raba zuwa kashi biyu don karewar shafin. A wannan yanayin, ana ciyar da tsuntsu tare da ciyawar da aka yankakke. A lokutan hasken rana, a cikin yanayi mai zafi, ana turka turkey ko dai a cikin gida, ko kuma a wadata su da rumfa don ƙirƙirar inuwa. Hakanan ana sanya masu ciyarwa da masu sha a wurin.
Tare da hanyar tafiya na adanawa, yana da kyawawa cewa bambancin shekaru a cikin garken bai wuce makonni biyu ba.
Turananan turkey: yadda ake ciyarwa da kulawa da lafiyayyun zuriya
Kula da turkey bashi da wahala kamar kula da sauran kaji. Babu buƙatar gina yankuna na musamman don kiyaye su. Gidajen kaji da aka bari bayan an yi amfani da kaji da geese. Babban yanayin - dakin ya zama mai fadi. A tsayin 70-80 cm daga bene, muna sanya shinge na katako mai kauri. A tsayin 50-60 cm, muna yin gida don turkeys a yankuna masu nisa na gidan. An shigar da masu ciyarwa da masu sha.
Ga zuriya da farko zamu gina turkey turbaya daga hay da tattaka. A ƙasa mun sanya ƙananan rassa don ba da tauri ga siffar fure. Idan akwai gurbi da yawa, tabbatar da shinge su daga juna kamar yadda ya kamata. Ba mu da damar turkeys zuwa cikin gida. Idan turkey sun bar ƙwai don cin abinci, tabbatar sun dumi. Don yin wannan, rufe shi dan kadan tare da bambaro.
Baturen Turkiyya ba ya ƙyanƙyashe a rana ɗaya. Sabili da haka, zamu cire kajin da aka haifa daga gida a cikin wani akwatin daban. Idan ya cancanta, haskaka tare da fitila. Hakanan muna ƙirƙirar microclimate da ake buƙata ta hanyar kuɗin hita, tunda haihuwar kajin yana faruwa a lokacin bazara, ƙasa da kaka... Bayan duk kajin sun kyankyashe, sai a mayar da su turkey.
Muna tabbatar da cewa ba komai a cikin dakin, da haske ne, tsarin yanayin zafi a lokacin bazara - bai fi girma + 25 ba, a cikin hunturu - ba kasa da digiri 5 ba. Muna amfani da iska da iska don rage zafin jiki na iska. Don kula da zafi a lokacin hunturu, muna rufe tagogi da ƙofofi. A lokacin sanyi mai tsananin sanyi, bugu da weari muna zafin ɗakin.
Ciyar da turkey, teburin cin abinci, alawus na yau da kullun da kuma cin abinci mai kyau
Saboda saitin babban nauyin rayuwa (har zuwa 20-30 kg) yayin rayuwarsa turkeys suna buƙatar abinci mai yawa... Da farko dai, turkey turkey waɗanda aka haifa yanzu suna buƙatar daidaitaccen abinci.
Domin haɓaka zuriya mai ƙoshin lafiya, zaka iya ciyar da ad libitum, ko zaka iya ciyar dashi bisa ƙa'idodi, amma irin abincin da aka daidaita shine yafi dacewa da ciyarwa tare da ingantaccen abinci mai kyau.
Ka'idoji don ciyar da pokey turkey:
Shekaru, makonni | Rateimar ciyarwa, gr |
1 | 10 |
2 | 25 |
3 | 40 |
4 | 60 |
5 | 75 |
6 | 90 |
7 | 110 |
8 | 130 |
9 | 155 |
10 | 175 |
11 | 200 |
12 | 220 |
13 | 235 |
14 | 250 |
15 | 260 |
16 | 280 |
17 | 285 |
18 | 290 |
19 | 295 |
20 | 295 |
21 | 300 |
22 | 305 |
23 | 310 |
24 | 310 |
25 | 300 |
manyan mata | 260 |
manya maza | 500 |
A farkon zamanin
A farkon sa'o'i na hatched turkeys ya zama dole a sha ruwa mai tsafta tare da karin glucose. Bayan awowi 8-10 ana ciyar da kajin yau dafaffe dafafaffen ƙwai. Tabbatar cewa babu manyan dunƙulen da suka rage. Ana iya kara garin masara ko garin alkama don rage danshi a cikin abincin. Zai fi kyau a sanya abinci a kan gado don ya fitar da danshi mai yawa. Har zuwa sati ɗaya da haihuwa Har ila yau ana ciyar da pokey turkey tare da cuku mai ƙanshi mai ƙananan mai, tare da karin ganyaye masu yawa ga abincin: dandelion, woodlice, milkweed, yankakken yankakken gashin albasa. A hankali zamu wuce zuwa ciyarwa tare da niƙan gero, ciyawar alkama. Tabbatar cewa abincin bai yi ruwa sosai ba. In ba haka ba, togiyar turkey za ta ci gaba da damuwa da ciki, wanda ke da haɗari a shekarunsu. Muna ba da sha'ir da hatsi azaman abinci mai zaman kansa. A irin wannan ƙaramin lokacin, ana ba da abinci na turkey a tsakanin kowane awa uku. Don dusa za mu yi feeder daban, don busasshen abinci ya kamata a sami guda daya. Muna tabbatar da cewa koyaushe akwai ruwan sha mai kyau a cikin masu sha.
Daga sati daya zuwa wata daya
A wannan lokacin, turkeys suna girma sosai kuma suna samun nauyi.... Suna aiki, suna gudu, da yardar rai suna cin duk abin da aka basu. Sannu a hankali muna ƙara rabon koren ɗumbin yawa a cikin jimlar abun, muna kawo shi zuwa 30% na jimlar abinci. Za'a iya yanyanka ganye ta hanyar hadawa da busasshen abinci. Suna kuma ba da tsarkakkiyar ganyaye. Mafi kyau a wannan lokacin don ciyar da daidaitaccen abincin abinci. A sati biyu na haihuwa chaara alli, cin ƙashi a cikin abincin. Muna kara sinadarin potassium a cikin ruwa ta yadda hanyar ba ruwan hoda ba ce. A wannan lokacin, ana ciyar da kajin kowane awa 4. Tare da ciyarwa mai kyau, zuwa shekara ɗaya da wata, dabbobin ƙanana suna ɗaukar nauyi zuwa kilogram biyu.
Muna gabatar da sabbin abinci cikin abincin a hankali. Rabonsu kada ya wuce nan da nan 15% na jimlar duka.
Daga wata daya zuwa biyu
A wannan lokacin, ana ciyar da dabbobi dabbobi sau uku kawai a rana. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ayyukansu ya ragu. Don hana haɗuwar kitse, dakatar da ƙara abincin abinci a cikin abincin... Babban girmamawa an sanya shi akan hatsi da sharar hatsi, koren taro, bran, masarar da aka nika, ragowar ragowar asalin dabbobi. Bayar da dusa, ƙara yawan abincin furotin: wannan shine naman da aka niƙa daga sharar nama ko kifi mai arha, da sauransu. A farkon yanayi mai zafi, turkeys sun kai watanni biyu da haihuwa kuma suna samun kyakkyawan taro.
Bayan wata biyu kafin yanka
Abincin a wannan lokacin na rayuwa bai bambanta da na baya ba. Muna kara rabon hatsi da sharar hatsi a cikin jimlar duka... Muna canja wurin tsuntsu zuwa hanyar tafiya na kiyayewa. An bayyana a sama. Turkeys na manya don haifuwa ana kiyaye su har zuwa shekaru biyu da rabi, turkeys don kiwon kaji - har zuwa shekaru uku. Idan manufar girma shine sayar da nama, Yana da kyau a yiwa dabbobi kiwo har zuwa wata biyar. Tare da farkon kaka, haɓakar halitta na ganye yana raguwa. Don sake cikawa ya zama dole a kara adadin hatsi. Tasirin tattalin arziki na girma ya ragu.
Ciyar da abinci
Samfurin abinci don ciyar da turkeys an nuna a cikin tebur. 1-3.
Tebur 1. Kusan rabon abinci don ciyar da turkeys, g da kai kowace rana (zaɓi na 1)
Stern | Shekaru, kwanaki | ||||||
1-5 | 6-10 | 11-20 | 21-30 | 31-40 | 41-55 | 56-70 | |
cuku cuku | 3 | 10 | 10 | 10 | — | — | — |
madara mai laushi | 20 | 20 | — | — | — | — | — |
masararrun masara | 40 | 38 | 20 | 20 | 10 | — | — |
alkama | 15 | 20 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 35 | 25 |
sha'ir | 12 | 14 | 21 | 21 | 27 | 30 | 35 |
gero | 10 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
dinar dinari | — | — | 20 | 20 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
garin kifi | 12 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 13 | 14 | 20 |
nama da kashi ci | 5 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 5 | — | — |
hatsi | — | — | — | — | 10 | 30 | 30 |
alkama | — | — | 10 | 10 | 20 | 15 | 20 |
nikakken masara | — | — | 10 | 10 | — | — | — |
sha'ir | — | — | — | — | 20 | 15 | 40 |
ganye | 5 | 30 | 60 | 50 | 70 | 100 | 100 |
harsashi, alli | 2,5 | 2,5 | 2,5 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4,5 |
kifin mai | 2 | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — |
gishiri | 0,1 | 0,2 | 0,3 | 0,5 | 0,7 | 0,8 | 1 |
Tebur na 2. Kusan rabon abinci don ciyar da turkeys, g da kai kowace rana (zaɓi na 2)
Ciyar | Shekaru, kwanaki | ||||
1-5 | 6-10 | 11-20 | 21-30 | 31-40 | |
dafaffen kwai | 2 | 1 | — | — | — |
madara mai madara | 5 | 10 | 10 | 15 | 10 |
Cuku mai ƙoshin mai | 2 | 5 | 10 | 5 | — |
dukan hatsi niƙaƙƙen (masara) | 5 | 7 | 152 | 208 | 3015 |
garin alkama | 4 | 5 | 8 | 12 | 15 |
kek | — | — | — | — | 5 |
ganye | 3 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 30 |
harsashi, alli | — | 0,5 | 1 | 1,5 | 3 |
duka | 21 | 38 | 61 | 81 | 108 |
Tebur na 3. Kusan rabon abinci don ciyar da turkeys, g da kai kowace rana (zaɓi na 3)
Stern | Shekaru, kwanaki | |||||||||
1-5 | 6-10 | 11-15 | 16-20 | 21-30 | 31-35 | 36-40 | 41-50 | 51-60 | 61-70 | |
hatsi iri biyu | 5 | 8 | 20 | 30 | 50 | 60 | 80 | 15 | 145 | 175 |
garin alkama | 4 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 25 | 25 |
sabo ne | 3 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 100 | 100 |
dawo | 5 | 10 | 10 | 15 | 10 | — | — | — | — | — |
cuku cuku | 2 | 10 | 10 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
dafaffen kwai | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Cututtukan turkeys: alamomi, magani da rigakafin cututtuka
A cikin tsarin rayuwa, turkeys suna buƙatar ba daki kawai, abinci, har ma kariya daga cuta.
Babban su ne:
- Poarafa: wata cuta mai saurin yaduwa, wacce aka bayyana a cikin kin tsuntsu ya ci ya sha, turkeys sun zama ba sa aiki, fuka-fukai suna birgima, fikafikan sun rataya Suna kamuwa daga wasu tsuntsaye marasa lafiya, kudaje, sauro. Yakamata a lalata mutanen da suka kamu da cutar sannan a ƙone su, sannan kuma a yiwa masu lafiya allurar rigakafin amfrayo. A matsayin prophylaxis, turkeys a cikin mako na shida na rayuwa ana yin rigakafin tare da wannan magani.
- Tsutsotsi: karin kwari da ke zama a cikin mutum, yana shafar gabobin narkewar abinci da magudanar numfashi. Tsuntsu ya fara rasa nauyi. Tushen kamuwa da cuta: ƙasa, sauran kaji masu cutar, abinci. Hanyar gwagwarmaya: amfani da piperazine sulfate, phenothiazine. Matakan kariya: aiki da harabar tare da tsafta da hanyoyin tsabtace jiki.
- Numfashi mycoplasmosis: cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta suna rufe hanyar numfashi, ƙwayar mucous na ido ya zama mai ƙonewa. Turkeys sun rasa kwatankwacinsu, suna birgima. Mutane na iya mutuwa ba tare da magani ba. Cutar na kamuwa da tsuntsaye masu lafiya ta hanyar hulɗa da tsuntsayen marasa lafiya. Abinda ya faru yana sauƙaƙe ta raguwar rigakafi saboda ciyarwar da ba daidai ba da kuma kulawar da ba ta dace ba (hypothermia na mutane, tsananin ɗanshi da datti a cikin ɗakin). Hanyoyi don fada: ana kara chlortetracycline ko oxytetracycline a cikin abincin na sati daya a kan kudi na gram 4 na kilogiram 10 na abinci. Magungunan rigakafi na erythromycin, chloramphenicol da streptomycin suma an adana su. Rigakafin: daidaitaccen abinci mai gina jiki, ɗakin yana da tsabta, da samun iska koyaushe.
- Tarin fuka: cuta mafi hadari saboda silar cin kashin dabbobi. Duk gabobin numfashi sun shafa. Tsuntsu a zahiri ba ya cin abinci, yana zaune wuri guda, yana gurnani. Ruwan datti shine tushen kamuwa da cutakaya da kayan kwanciya, waɗanda suka kamu da cutar tarin fuka. An ba da shawarar don hanzarta lalata tsuntsu mai cutar. Hanya mafi kyau don yin yaƙi - kasancewar hasken rana kai tsaye da iska mai tsabta. An bar gidan babu kowa kuma a bude. Ana canza dabbobin zuwa wani wuri.
- Tarihin tarihi: da cecum a cikin tsuntsaye da sauran gabobin narkewar abinci ya shafa. Cututtuka turkeys fara vilify, hanzari rasa nauyi. Yana da gaggawa a raba tsuntsu mai cutar da mai lafiya. Dakin an tsabtace shi kuma an kashe shi. Furazolidone, osarsol ko phenothiazine ana kara su cikin abinci. Dalilin cutar - a cikin daki mai datti da rashin cututtukan cututtuka bayan mutanen da suka gabata.
- Hard goiter: dalili ya ta'allaka ne a cikin abinci mara daidaituwa, wanda aka ƙayyade abin da ke tattare da abinci mai ƙarfi. Wajibi ne a ƙara alli, tsakuwa na tsakuwa da bawo a cikin abincin saboda hatsin cikin amfanin gona ya fi kyau sarrafawa. Ana yanka kaji don nama. Ba yaɗuwa.
- Hypovitaminosis: a cikin tsuntsaye marasa lafiya, idanuwa sun zama kumbura, rickets yana tasowa. Jiki bashi da bitamin... Lokacin da cuta ta auku, ana yin allurai ne daga hadadden bitamin.
- Gudawa: dalilin faruwar cututtukan kwayar cuta ne, saduwa kai tsaye da masu cutar, da kuma cin abinci mara inganci. Idan gudawa launin ruwan kasa ne, to wasu kayan abinci basu dace da samari ba. Idan kalar najasar tayi fari - Waɗannan alamu ne na cututtukan cututtuka na pullorosis. Hanyoyi don fada: shan ruwa tare da gyaran chamomile ko maganin sinadarin potassium, idan wannan bai taimaka ba, ana yi musu maganin rigakafi.
- Cututtukan ƙafa: faruwa ne sanadiyyar kiyaye tsuntsaye a cikin keɓaɓɓen wuri (a cikin keji, ƙananan gidajen kaji). Yana nuna kanta cikin gaskiyar cewa turkeys marasa lafiya suna faɗuwa zuwa ƙafafunsu. Wani abin da ke haifar da cutar shi ne rashin abinci mai dauke da alli a cikin abinci. Rigakafin: bawon ƙwai, alli, bawo ana ƙara su a cikin abincin, ɗan waken soya, mai, ƙarancin masara. Amosanin gabbai a cikin turkeys yana faruwa ne sakamakon yawan furotin a cikin abinci.
- Cutar Newcastle: kamuwa da cuta. A sakamakon haka, shanyewar ƙananan ƙafafu ya auku. Alurar riga kafi ne da za'ayi a kan wannan cuta. Amma ba koyaushe yake taimakawa ba. Rigakafin: mineralara abubuwan ma'adinai da na bitamin, sabo ne ganye, cuku na gida (don turkey poults) zuwa abincin.
- Hancin hanci (rhinitis): manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da ita sune rashin karfin jiki, rashin bitamin. Ban da su bitamin A da D. Hakanan, dalilin rhinitis a cikin turkeys na iya zama ɗakin iska mai kyau wanda aka ajiye shi. Jiyya da rigakafin: akwai lokutan da hanci mai zafi a cikin turkey zai wuce da sauri idan an sanya shi a cikin ɗaki mai ɗumi, bushe kuma ya ci gaba da bi da turkey tare da jiko ko kayan ƙyallen dill (tsaba). Hakanan zaka iya ba su jiko da aka yi daga violets, ko daga ganye da 'ya'yan itacen strawberries. Amma ana ba da shawarar a shafe baki da hancinsa da gashin tsuntsu wanda aka jika shi da ruwan gishiri. Don wannan maganin, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar gilashin ruwa da ƙaramin gishiri ɗaya. Bayan wannan aikin, ya kamata ku shafa baki da kitse na boron.
Noman Turkiyya a matsayin kasuwanci har yanzu bai bunkasa ba. Amma bayan duk tare da naman abincin da muke ci muna samun ƙwai, fluff, gashin tsuntsu... Tare da ingantacciyar hanyar kasuwanci, kawunan dozin goma na irin wannan tsuntsayen zasu wadatar wa danginsu nama da sayarwa domin biyan kudin kayan. Inara dabbobi yana haifar da kyakkyawan riba.