Yawancin lambu masu son nishaɗi suna haɗuwa da mummunan ƙwayar cuta da ƙimar iri. Tabbas, wannan lamarin na iya shafar tsire-tsire iri, amma sau da yawa matsalar ta ta'allaka ne da shiri marar kyau da shuka. Germinating kankana ko kankana bashi da wahala, babban abu shine bin dokoki. Kafin yin shuki, kuna buƙatar jiƙa tsaba da kyau a gida don su fara yin kyau sosai.
Shin da wuya a shuka 'ya'yan kankana don shuka?
Germinating tsaba ba tsari bane mai wahala da cin lokaci. Yana daukan kawai tsaya ga fasaha da kuma bin wasu sharuɗɗan da ke inganta saurin saurin yaɗuwa. Bayan haka, daga ƙananan tsaba, ƙwayoyi masu ƙarfi suna girma, masu tsayayya da abubuwan mamakin yanayi.
Yadda ake tsiro 'ya'yan kankana
Da farko, ya kamata a shirya iri. Wannan tsari ya ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa:
- kayyadewa - rarrabuwa cikin kungiyoyi ta girma don ci gaban harbe-harbe;
- rashi - cire wani bangare na hancin zuriya akan emery don saurin tsiro;
- dumama - daukar hotuna zuwa yanayin zafi mai tasowa yana hanzarta tafiyar da kwayoyin halitta kuma yana kara saurin girma (zafin ruwa - digiri 50, rike lokaci - mintina 30);
- maganin kashe baki - lalata ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Duk matakai, banda ragi, wajibi ne.
Ba zai yuwu a lalata yanayin iri ba a yayin shuka masana'antu na kankana. Kuma a cikin adadi kaɗan, dole ne a yi aikin a hankali yadda ba zai lalata zuriyar ba.
Mataki na ƙarshe na shiri don sauka yana dauke jike don tsiro... Hakanan ba koyaushe masu lambu ke aiwatar da wannan ma'aunin ba, amma yawancin masu ƙananan filaye suna amfani da shi.
Tsarin yana da sauƙi - kuna buƙatar kunsa tsaba a cikin rigar mai ɗumi kuma ku riƙe har tsawon kwanaki har sai tsiro ya bayyana. Yana da mahimmanci cewa kayan koyaushe ya kasance rigar.
Suna girma cikin kwantena, zurfin 12-14 cm, diamita kwantena 10-12 cm... Wadannan na iya zama tukwanen filawa na yau da kullun. Cakuda humus-peat, an shirya shi daidai gwargwado, ko wani ɓangaren sassa 3 na humus da ɓangare 1 na ƙasar sod da ake amfani da ita azaman ƙasa.
Kankana son ƙasa mai gina jiki, sabili da haka, superphosphate (teaspoon) ko toka na itace (cokali 2) a kowace kilogiram 1 na ƙasa dole ne a haɗa shi cikin cakuda.
An binne zuriya biyu a cikin tukunya ɗaya da 3 cm. Bayan shudewar, za'a cire harbi daya (mai rauni).
Sharuɗɗan da ke zuwa ana ɗaukar su mafi kyau ga ƙwayoyin iri:
- yanayin zafin jiki har zuwa fitowar harbe har zuwa digiri 30, kwanaki 2-4 masu zuwa digirin ya sauka zuwa 18, bayan daidaitawa da daddare ana adana shuka a digiri 18, da rana - a digiri 20-25;
- haske mai kyau;
- samun iska na yau da kullun, amma babu zane;
- kowane sati 2 karin abinci (mullein + ruwa, mullein + ruwa + superphosphate + ammonium sulfate + potassium sulfate).
Tare da kulawa da dacewa da bin fasaha, harbe zai bayyana 6-7 kwanaki bayan shuka... Kuma bayan wata daya, ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin gadaje.
Shirye-shiryen da ya dace, shukokin shuki da kuma shuka iri na zucchini don shuka
Don samun developedan itacen da aka haɓaka iri ɗaya, ana ba da shawarar shuka iri a cikin yanayin greenhouse ko a gida akan windowsill kafin dasa shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa. Kuna buƙatar fara aiki tare da zaɓi na kayan abu, cire duk ɓarnar da ta lalace.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don shirya tsaba, ɗayan cikinsu ya ƙunsa dumama... Ana iya yin hakan da ruwan zafi (digiri 50-55) da thermos. Tsawan awanni 4, iri yana fuskantar yanayi mai zafi.
Madadin shine dumi kayan a hasken rana kai tsaye tsawon kwanaki 6-7... Irin wannan aikin yana hanzarta tafiyar da aikin biochemical, wanda ke nuna cewa tsiro zai zo da sauri fiye da yadda aka saba.
Idan kun shirya yin shuka a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, to kayan dole ne su zama masu tauri. Saboda wannan, ana sanya tsaba a kan ƙananan shiryayye na firiji na kwana 2. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da hanyar nuna bambanci: kiyaye zucchini na awanni 10 a zafin jiki na daki 20-22, awanni 16 a cikin firiji a ƙofar.
Gwanayen lambu sun bada shawarar duba tsaba don tsiro watanni 1-2 kafin shuka. Wannan zai adana lokaci kuma ya sami damar maye gurbin abu mai ƙarancin inganci da wasu.
Dasa zucchini don shuka ana aiwatar dashi a cikin tukwane ko kofuna waɗanda ba tare da tushe. Yi shi mafi kyau a watan Afrilu ko farkon Mayu... Abubuwan da aka shirya (10x10 cm) an cika su da peat, humus, sawdust daidai gwargwado na 5: 4: 1. 5 g na ammonium nitrate da tablespoons 2-3 na toka na itace ana karawa a guga na cakuda.
Yanayi mafi kyau duka don tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire:
- tsarin zafin jiki kafin tsire - 18-25 digiri, bayan digiri 12-14 da dare, digiri 16-20 a rana;
- kafin sauka, 'yan kwanaki kafin dare da zafin rana ɗaga digiri 2-4; v
- shayar da tukwane sau ɗaya a kowace kwanaki 5 tare da ruwan dumi (ba ƙasa da 25 ° ba), kafin dasa shuki, ruwa na kwana 2 tare da ruwan da bai ƙasa da 30 ° ba;
- gabatar da karin abinci sau biyu, na farko - mako guda bayan fitowar harbe (na lita 1 na ruwa 0.5 teaspoon na urea), na biyu - mako guda bayan hadi na farko (na lita 1 na ruwa 1 karamin cokali na nitrophosphate).
Idan ana bin fasaha, harbe na farko a tukwane sun bayyana 4-5 kwanaki bayan shuka... A kan buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, ana dasa shuki bayan samuwar cikakkun mayafai 2-3.
Yin watsi da tsarin yanayin zafin jiki lokacin da tsire-tsire masu girma ke haifar da murkushe su, yana munana rayuwa bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, kuma yana rage yawan aiki.
Yadda ake tsiro 'ya'yan kabewa a gida
Shirye-shiryen 'ya'yan kabewa don germination ya fara da kayuwa. Manya manyan ƙwararrun ƙwararru ne kaɗai aka zaɓa daga duk kayan shuka.
Don hanzarta su germination sanya shi a cikin yanayin zafi tare da ruwan zafi (Digiri 50-55) na awanni 2. Irin wannan wankan yana motsa dukkan matakan nazarin halittu, wanda ke ƙaruwa da lokacin ci gaba na harbi.
Ba tilas bane, amma hanya mai mahimmanci ana la'akari taurare... Bayan kunsa tsaba a cikin kyalle mai danshi, sai a barsu a ƙasan firiji (aljihun tebur) na kwana 3-4. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da hanyar taurarawa mai banbanci: adana kayan na awanni 10 a zafin jiki na ɗaki, awanni 14 a cikin firinji.
Shuka shuki na ba ka damar samun girbi cikin sauri.
Tsarin fasaha yana samar da yanayi masu zuwa:
- ana narkar da tsaba a cikin kyalle mai ɗumi da tsufa don kwanaki 2-3 kafin tsiro ya bayyana a toho;
- ana sanya iri a cikin peat tablet kuma a jika shi;
- don kwantena, akwatuna ko tukwanen fure ana amfani da 10x10x10 cm, an zuba ƙasa mai tsari mai haske a ciki kuma an girke kwamfutar peat;
- zazzabi kafin fitowan - har zuwa digiri 23 da rana har zuwa digiri 14da dare, bayan fitowar harbe-harbe, ana saukar da tsarin mulki ta wasu darajoji guda biyu;
- bayan makonni 1.5-2, ana iya sanya dashen a cikin ɗaki tare da tsayayyen zafin jiki na digiri 22-24 a rana, digiri 14-17 a dare;
- shayar da tukwane kadan, amma a kullun (Sau ɗaya a mako);
- mako guda bayan fitowar tsire-tsire, ya kamata a ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da nitrophos, a tsabtace shi da ruwa (15 g da 10 l).
Tare da kulawa mai kyau, tsire-tsire sun bayyana 4-5 kwanaki bayan shuka... Bayan makonni 3-4, za a iya aika shukar zuwa ƙasa idan yanayin ya dace.
Idan kwayar bata yi tsiro ba fa?
Ya kamata a bincikar iri kafin fara sauka su don shuka ko a bude ƙasa. Ya faru cewa masu siyarwa marasa imani suna siyar da kayan tsofaffi ko masu ƙarancin ƙarfi, wanda shine dalilin da yasa tsaba suka tsiro na dogon lokaci.
Daya daga cikin dalilan rashi bayyanar bayyanar tsiro daga hancin zuriyar shine rashin bin tsarin zazzabi na kulawa da shayarwa... Sabili da haka, ya kamata a yi la'akari da shawarwarin a hankali.
Idan aka zaba tsaba a hankali kuma suka bi dukkan matakan shirye-shiryen shuka, kuma tsirowa ba ta auku ba, ƙwararrun lambu sun ba da shawarar ƙara abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ruwa wanda ke motsa girma lokacin jiƙa.
Don yin wannan, da farko kuna buƙatar dumama kayan, ku kashe shi, to kawai ku jiƙa shi a cikin wani bayani tare da ƙarin takin zamani. Sun hada da: boron, jan karfe, magnesium, iron, zinc, cobalt da sauran abubuwa da yawa masu amfani ga tsirrai.
Ana narkar da abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ruwan dumi (digiri 35-40), ana nitsar da tsaba bayan ruwan ya huce zuwa digiri 20-22. Ba lallai ba ne a wanke hatsi bayan aikin, ya isa a bushe su kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi (ba a cire amfani da na'urorin dumama).
Sauran hanyoyin da za a hanzarta aiwatar da kwayar iri sun hada da:
- jike a cikin potassium permanganate, boric acid;
- tsufa a cikin bayani na ruwa da toka na itace (na lita 1 cokali 2);
- aiki tare da abun da ke ciki bisa nitrophoska (cokali 1 na taki a kowace lita 1 na ruwa);
- jike tare da Kalanchoe, ruwan aloe.
Ana amfani da su don kara girma da magungunan zamani:
- Potassium mai ƙanshi;
- Zircon;
- Novosil;
- Epin, Epin-kari.
Ka'idodi don dasa shuki iri mai sauƙi ne kuma mai fahimta, ya rage kawai ya bi duk shawarwarin, sannan a tabbatar da kyakkyawan shukar kayan shuka. Kuma wannan yana daga manyan mahimman hanyoyin samun nasarar noman kankana da girbi mai kyau.