Amincewa da dokokin fasahar noma ba zai iya ba da cikakken tabbaci ga yawan amfanin ƙasa ba. Kamar sauran albarkatu, tumatir suna fuskantar mamayar kwari waɗanda ba sa son cin abinci a kan ƙananan ganye ko tsire-tsire. Babban aikin mai kula da lambu shine aiwatar da matakan rigakafi akan lokaci da kuma martani nan take ga hare-haren kwari.
Babban karin kwari na tumatir seedlings
Yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta masu ƙananan, amma wannan ba yana nufin basu da lahani. A cikin fewan kwanaki kaɗan, garken tumaki na iya lalata lambun tumatir gabaɗaya ko duk tsirrai a kan windowsill. Jinkirin sarrafawa wani lokacin yakan bata amfanin gona. Karin kwari suna zaune da samari biyu da na bushes. Matakin ci gaban tsire-tsire a wannan yanayin ba shi da matsala. Ba wai kawai ɓangaren sama na daji yana cikin haɗari ba, har ma da tushen tsarin. Saboda haka, bai kamata ku shakata har zuwa ƙarshen tarin kayan lambu ba.
Lokacin da kwari da yawa suka afkawa tumatir lokaci ɗaya, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da hadadden magani tare da maimaita hanyoyin kowane kwana 7-10.
Hanyoyin sarrafa dankalin turawa na Colorado
Loveraunar dankalin turawa ba ta hana kansa jin daɗin zuwa lambun tumatir ba. Ana iya gane shi sauƙin ta yanayin launinsa (canzawa ratsi na lemu da baƙi). Da sauri sosai, m yana sanya tsutsa a bayan ganyen. Ofarfin cin ganyen ya yi yawa sosai cewa a cikin fewan kwanaki kaɗan ne kaɗai suka rage daga cikin lambun. Hatsarin kwaro ma babba ne saboda gaskiyar cewa bashi da abokan gaba a yanayi.
Matakan sarrafawa:
- tattara kwari da larvae da hannu (ana aiwatarwa yau da kullun, kuma zai fi dacewa safe da yamma);
- dasa tsakanin gadaje na marigolds, tafarnuwa, marigolds;
- maganin tsire-tsire tare da shirye-shirye na musamman (Aktara, Prestige, Mospilan).
Sarrafa tumatir akan farin farin
Wata karamar kwari mai fuka-fukai fari tana zaune a cikin rukuni a gefen ganyen. Abincin da aka fi so shine tsire-tsire tsire-tsire. Kari kan haka, kwayoyin cuta na dauke da cututtuka da dama, suna yada gadajen tumatir da kayayyakin sharar gida. Gandun daji da abin ya shafa sun fara yin sanyi a hankali.
Matakan sarrafawa:
- aiwatar da gadaje da tafarnuwa jiko;
- saitin tarko (tef mai ɗamara).
Medvedka
Samun kwari ba shi da sauƙi. Ana amfani da shirye-shiryen sunadarai da wuya sosai don kada guba amfanin gona. Kwarin da ke cinyewa a gindin tsirrai, yana lalata tushen tsarin, fruitsa fruitsan itace. Ana ɗaukar tumatir a matsayin ainihin abincin gaske ga mazaunin ƙasa.
Akwai lokuta lokacin da beyar ta lalata gonakin tumatir a cikin dare kaɗan.
Matakan sarrafawa:
- banda amfani da sabo na mullein a matsayin takin zamani, wanda ke jawo beyar;
- cika ramuka da ruwa mai sabulu wanda kwari suka kama (zaka iya amfani da man sunflower, farfesun ƙwai);
- tono wani shafi a ƙarshen kaka yana taimakawa ga lalata burrow da daskarewar ƙwayoyin cuta;
- shirya tarko (giya, taki, takin gargajiya, da sauransu);
- amfani da magunguna (Granula, Rembek, Medvetox).
Mizanin gizo-gizo
Dananan ɗigon haske da ganyayyaki waɗanda aka haɗe tare da cob ɗin gizo suna nuna mamayewar gizo-gizo. Yana rayuwa cikin yawan tumatir, yana ƙaruwa cikin sauri. Maganin parasite din yana sha'awar tsotse ruwan daga cikin tsiron. Daga cikin sauran alamomin: perforated leaves, yellowness a saman, wanda a baya deform ganye da take kaiwa zuwa bushewa daga cikin daji.
Matakan sarrafawa:
- fesa gadaje da jigon tafarnuwa tare da ƙarin sabulun wanki;
- sarrafa tumatir tare da jiko na dandelion;
- amfani da hanyoyi na musamman (Karbofos, Iskra M, Fufanon).
Aphid
Greenwaro mai duhu mai duhu na girman microscopic (kimanin 2 mm) yana sauka a gefen ganyen, yana ciyarwa sosai akan tsiron tsire-tsire. Aphids na jawo tururuwa zuwa wurin sulhu, wanda ke ciyar da najasar su. Hakanan za'a iya gane m ta yanayin busassun bayyanar daji, bushewar ganye, ƙwai da suka faɗi.
Matakan sarrafawa:
- fesa shuke-shuke da abin ya shafa tare da bawon albasa ko kuma jiko tafarnuwa;
- ƙura gadaje da tokar itace;
- kurkura daji tare da kwari tare da maganin sabulun wanki da shamfu na ƙai;
- tumatir da ƙura na taba;
- amfani da magungunan kwari (Fitoverm, Karate, Aktellik).
Thrips
Roscoarin ƙwayoyin cuta (game da mm 1), kama da kamannin malam buɗe ido. Yana ciyar da ruwan shuke-shuke, yana lalata motsi na abubuwan gina jiki ta cikin jiragen ruwa. Sakamakon mamayewar kwayoyin cuta, da farko an rufe al'adun da kananan wuraren azurfa, wanda daga nan sai ya girma ya hade da juna.
Matakan sarrafa matakan Thrips:
- don matakan kariya, za a cire ciyawar da ke jawo kwari da sauri daga gadajen;
- kafin farkon sanyi, kana buƙatar tono ƙasa don halakar da tsutsa;
- lokacin da aka gano kwari, ana amfani da shirye-shirye na musamman (Vermitek, Akarin).
Tsutsa na Waya
Wireworm shine tsutsa na ƙwanƙwasa ƙwaro, mai sauƙin ganewa ta launinsa mai kaushi kuma mai tauri ga firam ɗin taɓawa. Kwayoyin parasites suna cin abinci a kan tushen tumatir, sakamakon haka tsire-tsiren ya raunana kuma ya mutu.
Hanyar sarrafawa:
- hakar injin kwari yayin haƙa ƙasa;
- dasa shuki a cikin kusancin tumatir, radish, kabeji, turnip;
- mulmula gadaje tare da zafin bishiyoyi ko bambaro da aka jika a urea;
- lura da gadaje da kwayoyi (Aktara, Antichrushch, Prestige).
Sprout tashi
Bayyanar kwari kusan bai bambanta da ƙudaje na yau da kullun ba, amma sha'awar waɗannan kwari suna mai da hankali ne kan kayan lambu. Parasites suna lalata komai: tsaba, tushen tsarin, harbe-harbe matasa.
Hanyar sarrafawa:
- haƙa lambu a ƙarshen kaka, tsabtace duk ragowar tsire-tsire;
- hada taki a cikin ƙasa;
- lura da gadaje tare da jiko taba;
- amfani da magungunan kwari (Fitoverm, Strela, Bazudin).
Lambuna na lambu
Labarin malam buɗe ido na dare mara kyau (daga baya ya zama kwari). Tsawon kwarin ya kai 3-4 cm, launi yana da koren haske tare da ɗamarar launin rawaya mai haske (kwari) da launin ruwan kasa a launuka daban-daban (malam buɗe ido) Kwarin da ke cinyewa suna cin ganye, suna raɗa su ta ciki da kuma wucewa. 'Ya'yan itacen da ba su nuna ba ma suna da sha'awa.
Hanyar sarrafawa:
- a matsayin matakan kariya, ya zama dole a tono shafin a ƙarshen kaka, a hankali cire ragowar tsire-tsire daga ciki;
- kafin samuwar 'ya'yan itace, ana iya gudanar da maganin kwari idan aka gano wata kwari (Inta-vir, Fas, Zeta).
A lokacin 'ya'yan itacen, ba za a iya amfani da magungunan kwari don maganin kwari ba, abubuwa masu guba sun shiga cikin tumatir, wanda hakan ya sa amfani da su baya yiwuwa.
Gall nematode
Maganin ƙwayar cuta shine tsutsa mai filamentous, game da girman 2 mm. Oneaya daga cikin alamun kasancewar nematode shine samuwar ingantaccen nama (galls) akan tushen tumatir. Al’adun da abin ya shafa suna baya sosai a ci gaba. Sauran cututtukan suna nuna rashin ruwa da ma'adinai. A mafi yawan lokuta, ba za a iya tsirar da tsire-tsire ba.
Matakan sarrafawa:
- a matsayin ma'auni na rigakafi, ana shigar da bilki a cikin ƙasa kafin shuka;
- ya fi kyau a shirya gado don tumatir bayan tafarnuwa, albasa ko calendula;
- gudanar da magani tare da Fitoverm.
Samun ilimi yana nufin kasancewa da cikakkun makamai. Samun ganewar matsalar cikin lokaci zai taimaka maka da sauri samun kayan aikin da ake buƙata don kula da gadaje, don haka ba damar samun kwari.