Irin wannan babban sunan na nau'ikan babu shakka zai jawo hankalin gogaggen lambu. Bayan duk wannan, kowa yana mafarkin kyawawan fruitsa fruitsan yielda yieldan ƙasa da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Tumatir fam fam ɗari yana rayuwa daidai da sunansa, kuma a ƙasa muna la'akari da halaye da kwatancinsa, fa'idodi, rashin fa'ida da ƙa'idodin girma.
Halaye da bayanin tumatir iri-iri na Fam Dari
Wannan nau'ikan ya shayar da makiyayan Rasha. Irin wannan tumatir tsakiyar-farkon lokacin nunawa. Lokacin kammalawa gwargwadon halaye - 120-125 kwanaki... Ya bambanta a yawan aiki.
Irin wannan tumatir din ya girma, duka a cikin greenhouses da kuma a fili filin... Lokacin da aka girma a cikin greenhouse, daji, bisa ga bayanin, yayi girma zuwa tsayin mita 2. A cikin filin bude yana girma zuwa tsayin mita 1.5.
Ganyayyaki kore ne masu duhu, ba su da yawa a jikin akwatin. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari' yan lu'ulu'u ne, haƙarke. Nauyin 'ya'yan itace daga 160 zuwa 350 gr., launi mai haske ja ne. Pulan litattafan almara na jiki ne, ɗanɗano yana da daɗi, akwai seedsan tsaba. Fatar tana da ƙarfi amma ba ta da ƙarfi.
Girma a cikin goge na 5-6 guda.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani
Bambancin tumatir fam fam ɗari, kamar kowane irin kayan lambu, yana da fa'ida da rashin amfani. Fa'idodin wannan nau'ikan sun haɗa da:
- kyakkyawan amfani;
- babban dandano;
- kar a fasa;
- babban abun ciki na abubuwan gina jiki;
- ƙananan kalori abun ciki;
- na iya girma a cikin greenhouses da kuma cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, tare da kulawa mai kyau a kowane yanki;
- lokaci mai tsawo;
- Ba ya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman;
- kyakkyawan gabatarwa;
- kyakkyawar zirga-zirga;
- amfani da yawa a dafa abinci;
- iya girki;
- babban juriya ga cututtuka.
Rashin dacewar wannan nau'ikan sun hada da bukatar tsunkule da kuma daure ciyawar.
Shirya da shuka iri don shuka
Tsaba-sayya tsaba bata buƙatar wani shiri in banda ƙwaya. Tsaba da aka tattara tare da hannunka dole ne a shirya don shuka.
Shirya iri an yi shi a matakai da yawa:
- Zaɓi... Jiƙa tsaba a cikin ruwan gishiri na minti 10. Bar ƙwayayen da suka nitse har ƙasa. Cire tsaba mai iyo, saboda basu dace da shuka ba;
- Kwayar cuta... Don hana cututtuka, bi da tsaba tare da maganin 1% na potassium permanganate;
- Jiƙa... Don mafi kyaun tsire-tsire, jiƙa a cikin mai kuzarin ci gaba;
- Eningarfafa yi don inganta haɓakawar tsire-tsire zuwa kowane canje-canjen yanayi. Sanya tsaba a cikin jakar yadin kuma saka a cikin firinji tsawon awanni 13;
- Warming sama ... Ana shuka tsaba har tsawon awanni 6 bayan sun taurare a zafin jiki na +20 digiri;
- Germination... Sanya tsaba a cikin tukunyar kan takarda mai ɗumi. Tabbatar cewa takarda takan kasance mai danshi a kowane lokaci yayin da tsaba ke tsirowa.
Kafin dasa shuki, dole ne shirya ƙasa... Ana iya yin hakan kamar haka:
- Mix ƙasa daga gonar a cikin sassan daidai tare da peat da yashi yashi. Don daidaita acidity na ƙasa, ƙara toka zuwa ƙasa da aka shirya;
- Cutar da maganin zafi na manganese mai ƙarfi.
Zuba ƙasa da aka shirya a cikin akwati kuma daidaita shi da kyau. Shuka tsaba a cikin tsagi zuwa zurfin 0.7 cm tare da nisan 2 cm daga juna. Yayyafa tsagi da ƙasa mai laushi da kuma jiƙa da kwalba mai fesawa. Rufe akwatin tare da polyethylene kuma ɗauka shi zuwa ɗaki mai duhu tare da yawan zafin jiki + 25 digiri.
Bayan kwanaki 5, lokacin da harbe na farko suka bayyana, cire polyethylene daga akwatin kuma kawo shukokin cikin ɗakin haske. Don samun kyawawan shuke-shuken da kuke buƙata ƙirƙirar ƙarin haske... Ana iya yin hakan ta amfani da fitilu masu kyalli. Watering ya zama matsakaici.
Lokacin da ganye biyu suka bayyana a cikin tsire-tsire, sun zama dole shuka a cikin tukwane daban tare da damar lita daya.
Wajibi ne ayi dasawa a hankali don kar a lalata tsarin tushen sa wanda bai inganta ba.
Zai fi kyau dasa tsire, a hankali digging su, tare da clod na duniya daga baya wurin girma. Idan tsirrai suna da ganye 3-4, dole ne kuyi aikin taurare.
Don yin wannan, kwanakin farko na farko, yakamata ku buɗe taga zuwa ɗakin tsawon awanni 3. Kuna buƙatar tabbatar cewa babu zane. Don kwanaki uku masu zuwa, ɗauke da tsire-tsire zuwa buɗaɗɗen loggia don cikakkun lokutan hasken rana. Kwana biyu kafin dasawa zuwa greenhouses, barin shuki akan loggia na dare.
Dasa shukar shuki a cikin buyayyar kasa
Dasa tsire-tsire cikin greenhouses masu shekaru 60 kwanaki... Idan kuna shirin yin girma a waje, to ana yin dashe zuwa dindindin wurin girma Mayu 10-15.
Mitar dasa shuki a jere - 35-45 cm... Jere tazara 65-75cm... Shayar da ƙasa tare da maganin zafi na manganese mai ƙarfi kafin sake dasa shuki. Bayan dasawa, dole ne a shayar da shukokin daga kwandon ruwa, a dunƙule tare da sawdust ko humus kuma dole ne a yi amfani da takin mai rikitarwa. Ruwa mai zuwa ya zama matsakaici yayin da ƙasar ta bushe.
Yakamata a kafa daji a cikin 1 ko 2 mai tushe... Wajibi ne a ɗaura da dazuzzuka zuwa ga masu tallafawa da zaran saman daji ya fara narkarwa.
Yayin aikin girma, ya zama dole don takin shuke-shuke fermented mullein... A lokacin lokacin fure, saiwar asalin ta hadu toka ko takin mai dauke da shi nitrogen... A lokacin samar da 'ya'yan itace tare da bayani soda da boric acid ko takin mai dauke da sinadarin magnesium sulfate.
Cututtuka da kwari
Duk da cewa shukar na da kyakkyawan rigakafi ga cututtuka, gogaggen lambu sun ba da shawarar ɗaukar matakan kariya:
- Lokacin saukowa guji yin kauri;
- Kada ku dasa tumatir a cikin ƙasa inda karas, cucumbers, kabeji, albasa, turnips da suka girma a baya;
- Kada a sha ruwa a babban zafi;
- Zuwa ruwa a karkashin tushen;
- Top dressing tare da takin mai magani na potassium-phosphorus.
Wadannan kwari za su iya shafar tumatir:
- miyar gizo-gizo;
- Colorado irin ƙwaro;
- aphid;
- greenhouse whitefly.
Don magance aphids, zaka iya wanke ganyen daji Maganin sabulun wanki... Sauran kwari za a iya magance su ta hanyar fesa tsire-tsire tare da shirye-shirye na musamman. Tsutsayen kwari tara da hannu.
Girbi
An girbe 'ya'yan itacen puddle a cikin kwanaki 120-125 daga lokacin saukowa. Ana amfani da sabbin fruitsa fruitsan itace don yin salati. Ana amfani da tumatir mai romo don samun ruwan 'ya'yan itace, ketchup, manna. Waɗannan fruitsa fruitsan itacen da suka balaga na ƙarshe a kan goga za a iya kiyaye su gaba ɗaya.
Dangane da sake dubawa na masu lambu waɗanda suka yi girma iri-iri fam ɗari a kan rukunin yanar gizon su, kyakkyawan amfanin ƙasa da kyakkyawan dandano an tabbatar. Kuma kulawar da ba ta dace ba tana samar da ire-iren waɗannan don noman har ma don masu farawa.