Ba za a iya la'akari da shi azaman cuta mara yaduwa ba ko ruɓawa wanda ke shafar tumatir a cikin greenhouse. Da farko dai, wannan shi ne raguwar amfanin gona da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku, wanda hakan na iya haifar da raguwar kuɗaɗen shiga idan tumatir ya girma a kasuwanci. Amma idan kun lura da matakan kariya masu sauƙi yayin noman su, zaku iya hana matsaloli da yawa, ɗayansu shine babba. Zamuyi magana game da hanyoyin fada da magance wannan annoba a cikin labarin.
Daga ina ruɓaɓɓen tumatir yake fitowa?
Akwai wasu 'yan abubuwan da ke tasiri ga farkon cutar:
- high zazzabi yanayi, rashin isasshen zafi... Masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa wannan shine babban dalili. A ranakun bushe da zafi, danshi yana bushewa daga ganye, saiwoyin basa iya cika shuka da lokaci tare da adadin ruwa da ake buƙata. Sakamakon hakan shi ne kwararar ruwa daga 'ya'yan itacen zuwa ganye, wanda daga nan wasu adadin kwayoyin tumatir kawai ke mutuwa;
- ƙananan ƙwayoyin calcium a cikin ƙasa. A irin wannan ƙasar, bayyanar ƙarancin apical mai yiwuwa ne;
- suna da haɗari kuma yankuna masu gishiri.
Masu lambu galibi suna da laifi don bayyanar cutar. Ba su nuna damuwa ba game da daidaitattun abubuwan ma'adinai a cikin ƙasa, ba su ruwa a kan tsari.
Bambancin cuta
Cutar na iya zama ta yanayi guda biyu, wanda ke da alaƙa da fungal ko asalin kayan gona. Tumatir na iya shafar ƙwayoyin fungal waɗanda aka binne a cikin ƙasa kuma ake watsa su zuwa lafiyayyun daji ta cikin iska.
Kananan daji sukan kamu da cutar kayan abu, wanda a lokaci guda aka tattara shi daga tumatir da abin ya shafa. A wannan yanayin, cutar ta haifar da rikice-rikice a cikin kulawa da tsire-tsire.
Nau'in da ba na kamuwa ba
Dalilin sa shine rashin isasshen alli, rashin aikin ban ruwa, canje-canje kwatsam a yanayin yanayin zafin jiki da dare da rana.
Bangaren da abin ya shafa na tumatir ba ya laushi, nama yana ɗaukar launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, wani lokacin ma baƙar fata. Lokacin magance amfanin gona, ya zama dole a tsara iko akan yanayin iska a cikin greenhouse, sanya shi iska, shayar da shuke-shuke daidai, ta amfani da ruwan dumi don wannan.
Kwayoyin cuta iri-iri
Babban abin da ke haifar da ita shine kwayoyin cuta. Cutar ta bayyana kanta a farkon lokacin girma. Lokacin da zafi ke tashi, wuraren da abin ya shafa zama mai laushi, wari na musamman ya bayyana.
Ana iya ɗaukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar amfanin gona na dare ko kwari. Sau da yawa, kwayar cutar ta riga ta kasance a cikin iri, don haka dole ne ku yi ma'amala da ruɓaɓɓen ruɓa daga lokacin shuka. Kuna buƙatar kawai jiƙa kayan shuka a cikin maganin manganese don cutar da shi.
Idan tumatir greenhouse yayi rashin lafiya tare da ruɓaɓɓen ruwa, duk ragowar tsire ya kamata a cire shi a hankali kuma a ƙone shi.
Manyan hanyoyin lalacewa da magani
Hanyoyin kare tumatir daga wannan cuta an tabbatar dasu ta hanyar dalilan bayyanarsa - busasshiyar ƙasa da rashin alli.
Ya zama dole shayarwa cikin lokaci, kar a kawo kasar gona ga bushewa da zafi fiye da kima. Hakanan ana amfani da ciyarwar Foliar, wanda akanyi amfani da tsari na musamman.
Idan tsire-tsire basu da alli, kyakkyawan bayani zai kasance don kula da tsirrai tare da shirye-shiryen da, ban da nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium, suma sun ƙunshi boron da alli. Irin wannan cakuda yana aiki tare, abubuwan haɗin suna haɓaka aikin juna.
Wani ma'auni - samfurin sinadarai Brexil Cadauke da sinadarin calcium har kashi goma sha biyar da rabi na boron. Ana amfani dashi yayin adon foliar, ana yin diluting a ruwa gwargwadon gram goma kan bokitin lita goma. An ba da shawarar yin aikin sau ɗaya kowace rana goma sha biyar.
Bai kamata a yi sakaci ba yin lalata - Kyakkyawan ma'auni don taimakawa wadatar da ƙasa tare da alli. An fi yin wannan aikin a lokacin kaka, lokacin da aka girbe amfanin gona sosai.
Hanyoyin hanawa
Babban hanyar fada shine rigakafin cututtuka. Da farko dai, bai kamata ku ƙirƙiri wasu halaye masu kyau a gare shi ba.
Wannan yana buƙatar:
- zabi don tsire-tsire masu girma ƙasa mai cin danshi... Idan ƙasa a cikin greenhouse tayi haske sosai, ya zama dole a ƙara peat da turf ƙasa a ciki, wanda zai taimaka riƙe ruwa;
- a ranar jajiberin dasa shuki, bai kamata ka hada abubuwa da yawa na takin zamani don kar a mamaye al'adun ba;
- kada ku dasa ciyawa sosai a cikin greenhouse. Dole ne a narkar da tsire-tsire da tumatir a cikin tsari;
- ya kamata a gudanar da shayarwa a kai a kai, ta amfani da isasshen adadin danshi;
- ta hanyar mulching za a sami kyakkyawar dama don riƙe danshi a cikin ƙasa, Layer kawai za a canza sau ɗaya a mako. A saboda wannan, ciyawar da aka nika, da ciyawa, da ciyawa ba tare da tsaba ba, takin, busasshiyar bambaro, kayan farin abin rufewa sun dace;
- a yanayin zafi yana bi bar iska ta shiga cikin greenhouseinuwa shuke-shuke da farin kyalle. Idan greenhouse ana yinsa ne da gilashi, to za'a iya yin farin shi da lemun tsami.
Sauran hanyoyin kamuwa da cutar sune ruwa, ƙasa, ciyawar amfanin gona mai narkewa, ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa... Don haka, tsauraran matakai don kowane cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta zai dace. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman idan an riga an lura da irin waɗannan cututtukan akan shukar a cikin shekarun da suka gabata.
Irin waɗannan ayyukan ya kamata su haɗa da tattarawa da lalata ragowar tsire-tsire, tumatir da abin ya shafa, yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa da ciyawa, kiyaye juyawar amfanin gona da juyawar shuke-shuke.
Idan ba zai yuwu a sauya al'adu ba, to tsakanin yanayi ana bada shawara akan gadaje shuka kore taki, wanda bayan namo za a saka shi cikin ƙasa.
Greenhouses, wanda a ciki akwai ruɓaɓɓen tumatir a ciki, suna iska, an kashe su, ƙasar da ke cikinsu ta canza gaba ɗaya.
Amfani da shawarwarin da ke sama, zaka iya kare shuke-shuken tumatirin ka daga ruɓaɓɓen yanayi, samar da yanayi na yau da kullun don ci gaban su da ci gaban su. Sannan zaku iya tabbata cewa amfanin gona zai ba ku sakamako mai kyau.