'Ya'yan tumatir suna da babban abinci, dandano da halayen abinci, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ake dauke su mafi yawan kayan lambu. Don samun fruitsa fruitsan itacen farko, mazauna rani da yawa suna girka greenhouses akan shafin su. Amma don cimma kyakkyawan sakamako na girbin tumatir, kuna buƙatar sanin duk siffofin girma da yadda ake shuka shuke-shuke a cikin greenhouses.
Abubuwan fasalin tumatir a cikin greenhouse
Da farko dai, lokacin da ake zana gidan haya, ya zama dole ayi la’akari da cewa ciki yana da shi isasshen haske tare da duk hasken rana da iska mai kyau. Idan ya fi sauƙi don cimma wannan a cikin ɗaki, a cikin yanayin ɗaki akan windowsill, to a cikin greenhouse kuna buƙatar kiyaye fasalin.
Kafin dasa tumatir, sassan ƙarfe na tsarin dole ne a kashe su da ruwan zãfi, da sassan katako tare da jan ƙarfe na ƙarfe. Bayan waɗannan ayyukanda, ana ba da shawarar hawan iska ta greenhouse har tsawon yini sannan kawai za a fara shuka shukar.
Adadin rayuwa mai kyau na shuke-shuke, har ma da ci gaban da suka samu ya dogara da dalilai da yawa. Sabili da haka, ya zama dole a kiyaye duk nuances na ƙarin jagorar mataki-mataki.
Ana shirya ƙasa don tumatir
Tumatir ba a ba da shawarar a dasa shi kowace shekara a cikin ƙasa ɗaya ba... Kyakkyawan zaɓi shine maye gurbin ƙasa gaba ɗaya. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, zaku iyakance kanku zuwa kamuwa da cuta: Ruwan Bordeaux, garin dolomite, ko kuma zuba shi da ruwan zafi.
Ingantaccen namo of gadaje
Ana fara narkar da tsaran shuka mako 1 kafin a dasa. Yawan gadaje ya dogara da girman greenhouse. An yi la'akari da mafi girman faɗin hanya ɗaya - 60-90 cm, kuma tsayin shine 40 cm... Wajibi ne a bar sashi mai faɗin 60 cm tsakanin faɗaɗɗen tube, tunda a wannan yanayin zai zama da sauƙi a gudanar da aikin agrotechnical.
Takin ƙasa kafin dasa shuki
Idan kasar ba ta da amfani, dole ne a ciyar da shi don yawan amfanin ƙasa. Ana ba da shawarar ƙara humus zuwa ƙasa laka a ƙimar kilogram 10. na 1 sq.m. da kuma 1 tbsp. l. potassium sulfate da 2 tbsp. superphosphate. Bugu da ari, takin zamani yana bukatar a tona shi da kyau tare da ƙasa.
Ba tare da la’akari da yawan haihuwa na kasar gona ba, kafin a dasa shuki, sai a shayar da shi tare da maganin sinadarin potassium na kimanin 1 g a kan lita 10. ruwa
Tsarin sauka
Domin tumatir ya sami isasshen haske da abubuwan gina jiki yayin girma, ya zama dole ayi shirin daidai wurin shuka a gaba. Dangane da shawarwarin masana, shirin shuka tumatir ya dogara da nau'ikan su.
Don haka, an yi la'akari da mafi kyawun mafita tsarin dubawa, tare da nesa mai zuwa:
- Varietiesananan-girma iri... Don irin wannan tumatir ɗin ya sami haske mai kyau, ana ba da shawarar dasa su a gefen gefen greenhouse. Nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire ya zama 30 - 40 cm, a cikin tazara ta jere - 50 cm.
- Nau'in Columnar... Irin waɗannan tumatir ana shuka su ne a tsakiyar dutsen, suna yin la'akari da tazara tsakanin dazuka 20 - 25 cm, tsakanin layuka 40 - 45 cm.
- Dogayen albarkatu... Irin waɗannan nau'o'in an dasa su a kan tudu, tare da tsaka-tsakin hanya. Tsarin shuki shine 50 - 55 cm tsakanin tsirrai a jere da 65 - 70 cm tsakanin tsirrai.
Lokacin amfani da wannan makircin, tumatir ba zai tsoma baki ba a yayin haɓaka, kuma wannan aikin zai kuma sauƙaƙa girbi daga farkon balaga.
Dasa shuki
Anyi la’akari da mafi kyaun shekaru don dasa shuki 1.5 watanni... A wannan lokacin, tushen tushen tumatir ya rigaya ya wadatu sosai kuma yana iya dacewa da sababbin yanayi. Tsarin sauka kansa yana faruwa a matakai da yawa, kamar haka:
- A cikin 20 min. kafin dasa shuki, dole ne a zubar da tumatir da ruwa sosai (a wannan yanayin, tushen jijiyoyin zai yi rauni sosai lokacin dasawa).
- A wurin da aka nufa, ana haƙa rami tare da faɗi 20-25 cm da zurfin 15-20 cm.
- An sanya fegi a cikin ramin don ƙarin tallafawa tsire-tsire.
- Ana shayar da rami sosai da ruwa.
- Ana fitar da tsire-tsire a hankali kuma a sanya shi a kwance a cikin hutu.
- An rufe seedling da ƙasa.
Bayan dasawa, ya zama dole a ɗaura ɗanyin zuwa wani fegi kuma a samar da ƙaramin rami a kewayen da'irar.
Bukatun kulawa
Inganci da yawan tumatir kai tsaye sun dogara da aikin gona, saboda haka bai kamata ka ƙyale su ba.
Babban bukatun don kulawa sun haɗa da:
- kiyaye yanayin zafin jiki da ake buƙata;
- shayarwa;
- ciyarwa.
Ta hanyar cika waɗannan buƙatun na yau da kullun, hakanan zai zama mai yiwuwa don saurin saurin nunannin 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Zafin jiki na daki
A ranakun rana, iska a cikin greenhouse da sauri yana zafafa har zuwa yanayin zafi mai yawa, wanda kuma hakan ke shafar shuke-shuke. Ta fara gushewa, ta ci gaba da talauci kuma a ƙarshe na iya mutuwa kawai.
Sabili da haka, don cimma yanayin zafin jiki da aka ba da shawara 25 digiri, a cikin abin da tsire-tsire ke haɓaka da kyau, ya zama dole a kai a kai a cikin iska ta shiga ɗakin.
Shayarwa
Farkon mafarin shayarwa ya kamata a yi 5-6 kwanaki bayan sauka shuke-shuke. Ruwa shuka a tushen, a cikin ramin da aka riga aka kafa. Ruwa ya kamata a daidaita, dumi, zazzabi + 18 digiri... Ana ba da shawarar shayar da tumatir sau 2 - 3 a mako, a kan farashin lita 25. na 1 sq.m.
Bayan shayarwa, ya zama dole a bar iska ta shiga cikin awanni 2, a wannan yanayin sandaro baya samuwa, wanda hakan ke shafar tasirin gurbataccen shuke-shuke da kuma ingancin 'ya'yan.
Top miya
Takin da aka yi amfani da shi lokacin dasawa sun isa makonni 1.5, sannan a fara su, suna canzawa a cikin kwanaki 11-12 kamar yadda ake buƙata, ana ciyar da su da takin nitrogen da na ma'adinai.
Abincin farko yana farawa da takin nitrogen, kamar su:
- rubabben taki;
- maganin taki na kaza;
- magnesium sulfate;
- potassium.
Wadannan takin zamani suna inganta m girma na greenery da kuma juriya ga cutuka daban-daban.
Bayan kwanaki 11, bayan ciyarwa ta farko, ana amfani da takin mai ma'adinai:
- "Kemira - wagon";
- "Magani";
- jan ƙarfe.
Wadannan suturar zai shafi inganci da ƙimar amfanin gona.
Arin magani tare da boric acid, a ƙimar 1 g. 1 lita. ruwa, ba zai iya inganta bayyanar tumatir kawai ba tare da inganta ci gaban tsire-tsire, amma kuma ƙara bitamin C ga 'ya'yan itacen.
Nasihu don farawa
Gogaggen lambu suna da nasu asirin don mai kyau da kuma arziki greenhouse girbi. Sabili da haka, masu farawa ya kamata su san kansu da abubuwan nuances masu zuwa:
- Ga greenhouse an zabi matasan iri tumatir da ke da iyakacin girma, juriya ga cututtuka daban-daban, tare da samuwar mai tushe 1 - 2.
- Zai fi kyau shuka shuki don greenhouse a ƙarshen Fabrairu, farkon Maris.
- Ana shuka tsire-tsire a farkon watan Mayulokacin da ƙasa a zurfin 15-20 cm warms har zuwa sama da digiri 15.
- Duk da cewa duk iri na greenhouses suna cin gashin kansu, don mafi kyawun saitin fruita fruitan itace a lokacin bazara, dole ne a ɗan girgiza tsire-tsire.
Kamar yadda kake gani, wadannan nasihohin basu da wahala, idan aka bi su, zai yuwu kada a damu da kyakkyawan ci gaban shuka.
Yadda ake tsunkule daidai
Don abubuwa masu amfani waɗanda ba za a cinye su da daji ba, amma don cire shi don 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, ya zama dole a kai a kai a tsunkule.
Hanyar kanta kanta mai sauƙi ce, ta yin amfani da abin yanka an cire rassan ƙasa 3-4, a wasu yanayi, da kuma manyan lokacin toho. Har ila yau ya zama dole don hana sababbin harbe daga tushen tsarin. Lokacin da matakai suka fara bayyana, dole ne a yanka su da wuka a hankali.
Yadda ake shuka manyan tumatir - hanya zuwa mataki-mataki
Kafin bada fifiko ga manyan tumatir, dole ne kai tsaye kayi la'akari da cewa aikin gona zai ɗauki ƙarin lokaci kyauta. Shuka manyan yayan tumatir kamar haka:
- Zaɓin nau'ikan inganci.
- Shuka tsire-tsire a cikin tukwane daban.
- Bayan an dasa shuki a cikin greenhouse, tilas ne a dasa shukar kuma a zama cikin akwati daya. Don yin wannan, a ƙasa da goga na farko, cire dukkan matakan da ganyayen.
- A lokacin girma, an karkatar da tushe zuwa goyon baya, hakan yana hana karyewar hannayen hannu nan gaba da nauyin tayi.
- Lokacin da aka samu goge 4 - 5 a kan tushe, dole ne a narkar da kambin girma.
- Tsunkule akai-akai a ko'ina cikin kakar, cire tushen harbe da harbe daga axils na ganye.
- Lokacin da fruitsa fruitsan itacen farko suka bayyana, ya kamata ku kula da bayyanar su. Da zaran fruitsa fruitsan sun haskaka, dole ne a cire su, yana barin sauran amfanin gonar su yi girma.
Bayan an cire dukkan amfanin gonar daga reshe, dole ne a cire shi tare da taimakon mai yanka, don haka za a sami ƙarin haske a cikin greenhouse don 'ya'yan itacen da suka nuna na ƙarshe.
Menene ya kamata ya zama tsayin greenhouse
Shuka tumatir a cikin greenhouse shima yana da nasa matsaloli, kamar su:
- rashin isasshen adadin haske fiye da na buɗaɗɗen fili;
- yaduwar cututtukan tsire-tsire;
- damuwa a barin.
Sabili da haka, tsayin greenhouse, alal misali, wanda aka yi da fim, ya zama ba kasa da 2.5 m... Idan greenhouse yana da rufin kwano, zaka iyakance kanka zuwa tsayi 2 m... A wannan yanayin, lokacin dasa shuki da aiwatar da aikin agrotechnical, ba zai zama dole a lanƙwasa ba, sannan kuma irin wannan tsayin zai ba da gudummawar ingantaccen iska mai kyau da yiwuwar dasa shukoki iri daban-daban.
Mun shuka tumatir da ya yi girma a cikin wani greenhouse
Yana yawan faruwa cewa tumatir yayi girma kafin a dasa. A wannan yanayin, an shirya ramuka don dasa shuki, suna mai da hankali kan tushen tushen da 1/3 na tushe. Kamar yadda aikin ya nuna, a matsakaita, zurfin fossa shine 40 cm.
Ba kamar shuka ta al'ada ba, ba a dasa tsire-tsire masu girma a tsaye, amma sun ɗan karkata.
Don haka, ana samun ƙarin tushen a kan asalin da aka binne, wanda zai ba tumatir damar samun ƙarin abubuwan gina jiki.
Don kaucewa ruɓar tushen tsarin daga tushe, wanda zai kasance ƙarƙashin ƙasa, kana bukatar ka cire duk ganyen.
Matsaloli masu girma
Kowane mazaunin bazara ya san cewa lokacin da ake noman tumatir a cikin polycarbonate greenhouse, wasu matsaloli na iya tashi. Saboda haka, don kauce wa kuskuren da ba za a iya gyarawa ba wanda zai iya rage ingancin amfanin gona, dole ne a warware su a kan kari.
Mafi sau da yawa, ba shi yiwuwa a tsara ɗakunan shan iska da yawa a yanki ɗaya, don haka tambaya sau da yawa takan taso don masu farawa ko zai yiwu a haɗa kayan lambu a cikin wani greenhouse ko kuma a fito da su zuwa wani.
Tumatir, Pepper, da Cucumber Compatibility
Tumatir da barkono amfanin gona ne na dare, saboda haka kuyi zaman lafiya a tsakanin su a cikin kowane shiri na gadaje.
Magani mafi kyau wurin adana sararin samaniya, haka kuma don amincin barkono daga aphids, ana iya dasa shi tsakanin bishiyar tumatir. Yanayin ya bambanta da cucumber. Tsara, wanda ya zama dole don tumatir, yana da illa ga cucumbers. Kuma damshin dakin ga kowane kayan lambu ya zama daban.
Tumatir yayi kyau a kashi 40% na danshi, da cucumbers a 90 - 100%, saboda haka ku shuka waɗannan kayan lambu tare wanda ba'a so.
Shin yana yiwuwa a dasa kayan lambu daban-daban tare da kuma ba tare da rabuwa ba
A cikin kamfani tare da tumatir, zaku iya shuka, ba tare da rabuwa ba, launuka daban-daban, kamar: albasa, faski, latas ko salatin kai. Kayan lambu kamar su radishes, kabeji har ma da kankana suna tafiya daidai. Amma ba a ba da shawarar shuka tumatir tare da cucumbers, dill da fennel a cikin unguwar greenhouse.
Domin sanya waɗannan kayan lambu da ganyayyaki a cikin wani greenhouse, kuna buƙatar shigar da plywood ko slate partition tsakanin su.
Bayan bangon a bangare na gaba daga fita zuwa gonar, zai fi kyau sanya nau'ikan cucumbers, dill da fennel. A wannan yanayin, kokwamba za su guji zayyana kuma su karɓi danshi da ake buƙata daga matattarar, kuma dill da fennel ba za su iya kawar da ci gaban samarin tumatir ba. An shuka tumatir da sauran kayan lambu masu jituwa a ƙofar shiga greenhouse.
Whitefly a kan tumatir a cikin wani greenhouse
Kwaro mafi yawa na tumatir a cikin greenhouse shine whitefly. Wadannan kwari suna tashi kan tumatir da yawa, suna cutar da ganyayyaki da najasar su.
Yadda za a fahimci cewa an shafi tsirrai
Zai yiwu a ƙayyade kasancewar kwari ta alamomi da yawa. Babban fasali sun hada da:
- m farin furanni akan ganyen;
- nakasawa na harbe;
- kasancewar raƙuman rawaya akan shuka.
A matakan baya na kamuwa da cutar, tumatir ya zama baƙi.
Me yasa kwaro yake da hadari?
Kwarin ba su cutar da tsirrai. Sharar su mai daɗi kuma mai ɗorewa shine ke inganta cigaban fungi. Haɗarin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta sune sanƙarar pores shuke-shuke, kuma wannan bi da bi take kaiwa zuwa rushewa na photosynthesis.
Yawaitar waɗannan fungi a ƙarshe yana haifar da mutuwar tsire-tsire.
Yadda za a rabu da midges da abin da ake nufi don yaƙi
Duk da cewa farin farin zai iya shafar ci gaban shuka a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, akwai hanyoyi da yawa masu sauƙi don hana wannan:
- Idan ana samun farin ƙuda a kan tumatir a cikin greenhouse, kuna buƙatar rage zafin jiki zuwa digiri 10, a wannan yanayin, kwari masu girma zasu mutu.
- Idan parasites sun zauna akan tsire-tsire a cikin greenhouse, dole ne ganyen tsire-tsire su kasance bi da ruwan sabulu, kuma dakin da kansa yakamata ya zama yana kara iska sau da yawa.
- Ya kamata a raba shukokin da abin ya shafa a gida kuma a cire kwari a hankali tare da soso da aka tsoma a ruwa.
Don magance farin farin a cikin bazara, zaku iya yin odar kwari masu laushi daga gonakin kayan lambu waɗanda basa haifar da wata illa ga shuke-shuke, amma da yardar rai suna cin abinci akan farin ƙwari da tsutsu.
Amma hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa don kawar da yaƙi da matsakaitan matsakaita har yanzu wakilai ne masu guba. Mafi yawan hanyoyin magance feshi don kashe farin farin sune:
- Fitoverm - 2 ml. shiri na 1 lita. ruwa;
- "Actellik" - 1 ampoule a kowace lita 1. ruwa;
- "Aktara" - kunshin 1 don lita 1.5. taya;
- Pegasus - 2 ml. ruwa;
- "Mai tabbatarwa" - 1 ml. ruwa
Don inganta aikin dafin, dole ne a gudanar da magani ta hanyar masu ilmin kemist sau 2, a tsakanin sati 1.
A cikin yaƙi da farin farin, zaku iya amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin:
- Tarkuna da fumigators... Ana rataye tarkunan tef mai ɗaci da ƙamshi mai daɗi a gindin silin na greenhouse. Wari, waɗanda ƙanshin suka ja hankalinsu, suka tashi suka manna a tef. Maganin mafi kyawu don gidan ruwa zai zama fimigators na pyrotechnic. Yawancin lokaci suna da sifa iri-iri, wanda, idan aka kunna su, fitar da hayaki mai hadari ga farin kudaje.
- Jama'a magani... Idan ba zai yiwu a sayi magungunan inji ba, zaku iya amfani da guba tare da maganin mutane a cikin lalata parasites. Don wannan, an zuba yankakken tafarnuwa 2 cikin lita 1. ruwa kuma nace kwana ɗaya. Sannan ana fesa shuke-shuke da wannan mataccen maganin.
- Dandelion... Amma hanya mafi kyau kuma mafi aminci don yaƙi da farin farin shine jiko na dandelion. An shirya shi ta hanya mai zuwa: 40 gr. rhizomes da 40 gr. ana niƙa tattas ɗin dandelion a zuba cikin lita 1. ruwa An saka jiko na tsawon kwanaki 4, sannan, bayan an tace shi sau 2 tare da tazarar sati 1, ana fesa tumatir.
Don hana farin farin farin, ya zama dole ayi maganin greenhouse don rigakafin bazara. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar maye gurbin saman ƙasa, kuma ku zuba kan hanyoyi da ganuwar da ruwan zãfi.
Bayan munyi la’akari da dukkan nuances da dubaru, masu farawa a aikin lambu ba za su ƙara samun tambayoyi game da yadda ake shuka tumatir a cikin lambu ba. La'akari da shawarwarin da lura da aikin ƙira, tumatir zai faranta muku rai tare da girbi a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.