Tumatir, kamar kowane kayan lambu da ke girma a cikin gadajen mu, suna fuskantar cututtuka daban-daban waɗanda ke haifar da fungi da ƙwayoyin cuta. Ofaya daga cikin sanannun daga cikinsu shine ƙarshen buguwa. Kodayake zai haifar da matsala mai yawa ga tumatir, amma har yanzu yana yiwuwa a yi yaƙi da shi kuma a shawo kansa.
Hanyoyin ma'amala da ƙarshen cutar tumatir
Don magance ƙarshen tashin hankali, ana amfani da mutane da yawa da kuma sinadarai.
Sinadarai don magani da kariya
Kayan sunadarai na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:
- Maganin rigakafi Trichopol... 10 allunan wannan wakili an narkar da shi cikin lita 10 na ruwa kuma an fesa shi da dazuzzuka. Aikin farko ana yin sa ne lokacin da tumatir ya kasance a matakin samuwar kwayayen, sannan sai a maimaita aikin sau 2 a wata.
- Iodine... Yana da wakili na maganin rigakafi. Sabili da haka, masu lambu suna son shirya madara-iodine bayani, wanda zai sauƙaƙe ya taimake ka ka rabu da ƙarshen ɓacin rai. Don shirya shi, ɗauki lita 10 na ruwa, lita na madara da digo 20 na iodine.
- Zelenka... Narke digo 40 na wannan wakili a cikin ruwa a yayyafa musu tumatir.
- Maganin sinadarin potassium... Wannan samfurin shine kyakkyawan maganin zuriya. Ana sanya su a cikin jakar gauze kuma ana nitsar da su cikin wannan maganin na tsawon minti 40. Bayan haka, sai a wankeshi da ruwa ya bushe sosai.
Magungunan gargajiya
Hanyoyi masu amfani na mutane sun haɗa da:
- Jikin tafarnuwa... Don shirinta, ɗauki 200 g yankakken tafarnuwa kuma narke a cikin gilashin ruwan dumi. Bayan awanni 24, sai a tace abu a zuba cikin lita 10 na ruwa, a ƙara gram na madara mai ƙanshi mai narkewa a ciki. Don magani, kuna buƙatar yayyafa tumatir.
- Milk bayani ko whey... Kowane ɗayan waɗannan kayayyakin kiwo ana tsarma su da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1: 1 kuma, farawa a watan Yuli, ana fesa ciyawar tumatir da wannan maganin akai-akai.
- Maganin Gishiri... Suna buƙatar sarrafawa da kariya har yanzu kore tumatir. Irin wannan samfurin yana samar da wani nau'in fim wanda zai hana shigar kamuwa da cuta. Don shirya shi, an narkar da gilashin gishiri a cikin lita 10 na ruwa.
Aikin-mataki-mataki sarrafa tumatir daga ƙarshen cutar
Amma dasa shuki a cikin greenhouse, dole ne a shuka tumatir yana canzawa tare da cucumbers.
Theasa a cikin greenhouse dole ne a cikin fall disinfect tare da jan karfe sulfate... Idan tsire-tsire sun riga sun kamu da cutar ta ƙarshe, to a cikin greenhouse, ya kamata a cire ƙasa da kauri na kusan 5 cm.
Ya kamata kuma a tuna cewa ƙarancin ruwa yana faruwa a cikin greenhouse kuma iska mai daɗi tana nan, kuma wannan yana da tasiri mai amfani akan ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci a kai a kai a sanya iska cikin greenhouse don kare shuke-shuke daga cuta.
Kulawa a waje
Wajibi ne a dasa tsire-tsire ba cunkosu ba don kada a sami saurin kamuwa da cuta tare da ƙarshen bushasa. Amma idan babu fili da yawa a cikin greenhouse, to lallai ya kamata tumatir ya kasance cire tsohuwar ganyaye, saboda sune mazaunin da aka fi so da wannan cuta.
Don kauce wa ɓarkewar ɓarkewar marigayi, ya zama dole, da farko, a bi ƙa'idojin shayarwa. Babu buƙatar zuba ruwa akan ganyen. Wajibi ne a shayar da tsire-tsire a tushen.
Idan ya riga ya faru cewa tumatir ba zai iya tsayayya da wannan cuta ba, to za a aiwatar da shi domin ceton su idan hakan ya kasance Ba a yi ruwa ba rana ɗaya... Ya kamata a yayyafa tumatir da yamma ko a cikin gajimare amma yanayin bushewa.
Kulawa da shuka
Tabbas yakamata ku ƙarfafa rigakafin tumatir kafin ku dasa su a ƙasa. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da waɗannan matakan:
- kafin shuka, ana kula da tsirrai 5% maganin ruwa na Bordeaux;
- bayan rabin wata tare da arcerid;
- bayan wani rabin wata tare da tushe;
- bayan haka, magunguna na karshe 2 suna canzawa.
Mafi kyawun magani don ƙarshen blight
Yana da matukar tasiri a cikin yaƙi da ƙarshen ɓarnar:
- Ridomil zinariya... Yana kare bayan tumatir kuma yana hana fungi shiga cikin kyallen takarda. Don shirya wannan bayani, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar giram 10 na samfurin kuma tsarma shi cikin lita 4 na ruwa. Suna fara aiwatar da shuke-shuke tare da su a lokacin girma, sannan su maimaita kowane rabin wata.
- Thanos... Wannan magani yana da fa'idodi da yawa, saboda yana da tsayayya ga wanka kuma yana da tasiri ta hanyar kashe namomin kaza. Don shirya shi, ɗauki 12 g a kowace lita 10. Ana yin aikin fesawa kamar yadda Ramidol Gold yake.
- Revus... Hakanan yana da tsayayya ga hazo kuma yana da sakamako na warkewa. Tsarma 6 ml a cikin lita 5 na ruwa kuma a fesa shuke shuke fara daga kakar girma. Ana aiwatar da aiki sau 3 kowane mako 2.
Ta yaya ake yin rigakafin a cikin wani greenhouse
Tabbas, kamar yadda yake game da sauran cututtuka, ya fi sauƙi don aiwatar da rigakafi fiye da yaƙi da ƙarshen yunwa.
Babban ayyukan rigakafin sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
- Guji unguwa tumatir da dankali.
- Bai kamata ku dasa wadannan kayan lambu a wuri daya ba tsawon shekaru a jere.
- Hakanan, kada a dasa tumatir a inda yake inda eggplants, barkono da dankali suka girma.
- Kada a shayar da tumatir sau da yawa kuma a yalwace.
- Ya zama dole cire ganyen ƙasa tumatir don su taɓa ƙasa da wuri kaɗan.
- Ja ciyawa yayin da suke kama danshi.
- Bai kamata ƙasar ta mamaye ta da takin nitrogen ba.
- Lokacin da kasar gona ta rike danshi na wani lokaci mai tsayi, yana da muhimmanci ga sako.
- Bayan girbi, kada ku bar saman lokacin hunturu a gonar; dole ne a ƙone su.
Ta yaya cutar ta bayyana
Ba shi da wahalar gano alamun cutar tumatir a makare:
- aibobi suna bayyana a ƙasan, bayan haka ganyen ya zama ruwan kasa ya fadi;
- har ila yau, harbewar tsire-tsire da ‘ya’yanta sun zama baki;
- da farko kayan marmari sun zama da wuya, sannan kuma suna taushi da laushi har sai sun fara rubewa. Don haka duk 'ya'yan itacen na iya bata.
Lokacin aiwatarwa a karon farko
A karo na farko ana sarrafa tumatir kwanaki 1 ko 2 kafin dasa shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa.
Bayan an dasa, ana sake fesa shuke-shuken bayan kwanaki 12.
Shin zai yuwu a dauki tsaba daga tumatir mara lafiya
Bincike ya nuna cewa fitattun kwai suna mutuwa a zafi mai digiri 50, saboda idan ka kiyaye irin kimanin awa 2 a wannan zazzabi, za a kashe musu kwayar cutar.
Ka tuna cewa don dasa shuki yana da kyau a yi amfani da tsaba waɗanda aka tattara kimanin shekaru 3 da suka gabata... A wannan lokacin, duk ƙwayoyin cuta zasu mutu, kuma zaku karɓi abu mai tsabta.
Yanayi na ci gaban cutar
Tumatir yana samun sauƙin kamuwa da cutar ta marigayi. daga dankali, sannan kuma akwai yanayi dayawa na cigaban wannan cuta.
Mafi na kowa daga cikinsu sun hada da:
- ambaliyar ruwan sama wanda ya ɗauki kimanin kwanaki 3;
- kwatsam canjin yanayi dare da rana tare da banbancin digiri 8 zuwa 12;
- raɓa da ta bayyana daga canjin canjin yanayin;
- hazo;
- rashin hasken rana da zafi;
- dasa shuki;
- wuce gona da iri.
Phytophthora baya ci gaba a yanayin bushewa.
Yadda ake noma ƙasar bayan wata cuta
A lokacin bazara, kafin a dasa shuki, yana da mahimmanci a kula da ƙasar daga ƙarshen buguwa. Don wannan suna ɗauka 3% sulfate na jan ƙarfe kuma zuba shi a kasa.
To yakamata ku sassauta ƙasar sosai. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da wata na'ura ta musamman wacce za ta taimaka don haɗuwa da murfin saman mai kauri tsawon 25. A cikin wannan ɗayan mafi kyawun mataimakan zai zama Tornado. Yana da fasali na ban mamaki kuma yana da matukar tasiri da sauƙi don amfani.
Kuma matakin karshe shine shayar da ƙasa phytosporin... Don yin wannan, 1 tbsp. an narkar da kudaden cikin lita 10 na ruwa. Ana lissafin wannan kashi na 1 sq.m.
Tabbatar tuna cewa abubuwan da ke ƙunshe da jan ƙarfe na iya shiga cikin abinci, saboda haka ya kamata a yi amfani da su a farkon bazara.
Shin zai yiwu a ci 'ya'yan itacen da ba shi da lafiya?
Kada ku ji tsoron cin tumatir da ƙarshen yaƙin ya shafa. Ba a yada cutar ga mutane. Koyaya, ɗigon baƙi suna ɓata bayyanar tumatir, kuma cin abincin ba shi da daɗi sosai.
Amma don kiyayewa, ba'a da shawarar rufe waɗannan tumatir.
Asid ɗin su na iya ƙaruwa, kuma nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta zasu ninka, saboda haka dandano tumatir zai ɓata shi gaba ɗaya.
Varietiesarancin kamuwa da cuta
Bambance-bambancen da ke jurewa kafin ƙarshen buguwa ya haɗa da: Kyautar ɗan’uwa, De-Barao, Vilina, Liana, Roton.
Kamar yadda kake gani, jurewa da cutar bushewa cikin sauki. Dole ne kawai ku zaɓi kayan aikin da kuke so kuma ku fara aiki. Koyaya, yakamata ku ma kuyi amfani da sashi, saboda ƙetare ƙa'idar zai cutar da tumatir da kansu.