Lokacin zabar tsaba kokwamba, yawancin lambu suna jagorantar da halaye iri-iri, suna bada fifiko ga masu tauri kuma basa bukatar nau'ikan nau'ikan kulawa. Paratunka ya cika waɗannan ƙa'idodin.
Bayani da halaye na nau'ikan kokwamba na Paratunka
A kokwamba matasan ripens quite da wuri, na kwanaki 40-43 bayan fitowa, ana fara girbi. Lokacin 'ya'yan itace a karkashin yanayi mai kyau da kulawa mai dacewa yana kasancewa har sai sanyi sosai.
Ganye yana da matsakaicin girman lash tare da matsakaiciyar reshe. Ganye masu launi tare da wadataccen koren launi. Akan sinus ɗin ganye ɗaya, an kafa fruitsa fruitsan cyla 2-3an siliki guda 2-3 tare da fata mai laushi, wanda akan ga ratsi mai launin rawaya (kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tsawon).
Tsawan ciyawar ya isa 7-10 cm, nauyin shine 80-100 gr... Za a iya cire kilogram 12-16 daga murabba'in mita murabba'i. Wani fasali na iri-iri shine rashin buƙatar furewar furanni.
Paratunka nau'ikan iri-iri ne masu dacewa da noman waje. 'Ya'yan itacen sun dace duka don sabbin amfani da shirye-shiryen hunturu.
Nau'in Paratunka an yi kiwonsa kwanan nan - a cikin 2006 daga kamfanin kamfanin Semko-Junior na Moscow.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani na nau'ikan
Manufar masu kiwo ita ce su sami shuka tare da rigakafi mai karfi da tsawon lokacin 'ya'yan itace... Abubuwan da aka cimma ba kawai sun cika tsammanin ba ne, amma kuma an ƙarfafa su ta wasu kyawawan halaye na haɓakar Paratunka.
Babban fa'idodi:
- yawaita;
- dandano mai dadi tare da rubutu mai zaki (babu daci);
- juriya ga cututtuka daban-daban da kwari (bacteriosis, launin ruwan kasa, fure mai laushi, da sauransu);
- babban aiki;
- yana kiyaye gabatarwar sa sosai yayin jigilar kaya;
- yiwuwar girma a yankuna da yawa na ƙasar.
An ba da shawarar iri-iri na Paratunka don amfani a cikin yankuna masu zuwa: Volgo-Vyatka, Middle Volzhsky, Arewa, Arewa maso Yamma, Caucasian ta Arewa, Tsakiya, blackasar baƙar fata ta Tsakiya.
Rashin dacewar matasan yana da kusan babu, saidai tsadar tsaba da ƙayoyi masu kaifi akan fatar 'ya'yan.
Bukatun ƙasa don dasa shuki
Cucumbers suna girma akan kowane irin ƙasa, amma za'a sami wadatar yawan amfanin ƙasa akan haske mai dausayi (loam, yashi mai yashi), waɗanda suke da tsaka tsaki ko dan kadan yanayi.
A kan ƙasa laka, damar danshi da abubuwan gina jiki ga shuka ke da wuya, saboda haka ana ba da shawarar tsarma su da yashi, peat da humus (cakuda ya yi daidai da daidaito na abubuwan da aka gyara). Zaka iya rage acidity ta hanyar gabatar da garin dolomite (tuff, farar ƙasa mai laushi) yayin hawan kaka.
Lokacin zabar wuri, ba da fifiko ga rukunoni a kan tsauni. Kusancin ruwan karkashin kasa zuwa saman duniya na iya haifar da ruɓewar tushen tsarin, fruitsa fruitsan itace.
Kokwamba tana cire abinci daga ƙasa, saboda haka matakan haɗuwa wani ɓangare ne na kula da amfanin gona.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa don shuka bukatar fara a kaka... Fresh taki ana amfani dashi akan gadajen da aka tsara, bayan an tona ƙasa. A lokacin hunturu mullein lalata, inganta tsarin ƙasa, wadatar da abubuwa masu mahimmanci (nitrogen, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, da sauransu). Adadin taki a cikin kowane 1 m2 ya dogara da matakin yawan haihuwa na ƙasa, aƙalla ana amfani da kilogram 6-9 / m2.
Idan ba a aiwatar da aikin shirya ƙasa na kaka ba, ana iya yin hakan a cikin bazara kwanaki 30-50 kafin a shuka iri. Nan da nan kafin dasa shuki, ana bada shawarar gabatarwa humus (4 kg / m2).
Baya ga kwayoyin halitta, ana amfani da takin mai ma'adinai:
- superphosphate (40 g a kowace 1 m2);
- ammonium nitrate (15 gr. a kowace 1 m2);
- gishirin gishiri (25 g da 1 m2);
- Toka na itace (200 grper 1 m2).
Suna buƙatar shigo da su a lokacin bazarar bazarar ƙasa, zurfafawa 20-30 cm... A wannan zurfin ne tushen tsarin cucumbers ya bunkasa.
Shuka dokoki
Noman nau'ikan Paratunka kusan bai bambanta da ƙa'idodi na gaba don noman cucumber ba.
Lambu suna amfani da hanyoyin shuka iri biyu:
- a cikin bude ƙasa;
- don shuka.
Shuka yana farawa sau da yawa a tsakiyar watan Mayu, amma masu aikin lambu sun fi shiryarwa ba ta hanyar lokaci ba, amma ta yanayin yanayi.
Ci gaban tsire-tsire mai aiki yana farawa ne a tsayayyen yanayin iska Digiri 22-24, mai nuna alama akan kasa ya zama ba kasa da digiri 14-15 ba.
Lokacin dasa shuki a layuka ana amfani da shimfidar rami mai zuwa:
- Tsakanin tsakanin bushes shine 15-18 cm;
- nisa tsakanin layuka shine 60-70 cm;
- zurfin ramuka 3 cm.
Yaushe gurbi Hanyar shuka ta yi amfani da makirci: 50 x 30 cm.
Don samun girbi a baya da kare shuke-shuke daga lokacin sanyi, ana shuka iri a cikin kwantena daban (ƙananan tukwane, kofuna waɗanda) a cikin yanayin greenhouse ko cikin gida.
Wannan fasaha tana ba da mahimman bayanai masu zuwa:
- ana shuka tsaba don shuka kowane wata kafin canja wurin seedlings zuwa bude ƙasa;
- Ana amfani da ƙasa don kofuna waɗanda haske (kafin amfani da shi ya kamata a kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da ɗumi);
- dole ne a fara tsaba tsaba kuma a dumama shi (ba a buƙatar wannan hanyar don matasan);
- ya wajaba don zurfafa hatsi a cikin ƙasa ta 1.5-2 cm;
- kafin fitowan, saman kwantena ya zama an rufe shi da gilashi ko tsare;
- ana buƙatar ruwa akai-akai, amma matsakaici;
- bayan fitowar matasa harbe-harbe, yanayin zafin ya sauka, kuma makonni 2 kafin a canza shi zuwa gadajen, ƙwayoyin sun taurare (ya kamata a kwashe kwantena a waje har tsawon awanni 2-3).
Tushen tsarin tsirrai ba shi da ci gaba, don haka kuna buƙatar canja wurin seedling zuwa rami a hankali tare da ƙasa.
Kulawa
Nau'in Paratunka na mara kyau ne, amma kulawa ta asali har yanzu tana da mahimmanci.
Shayarwa
An ba da shawarar ban ruwa kowane kwanaki 3-5 tare da ruwan dumi, a cikin yanayi mai zafi, ana aiwatar da shayarwa kowace rana. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata a sarrafa shi don ƙasa ta jike da 20-25 cm cikin zurfin. Don hana danshi rashin kwanciyar hankali, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da yayyafa, tsarin ban ruwa na drip.
Gulma da sassautawa
Don samar da isashshen oxygen a cikin tsarin tushen, lokaci-lokaci ana sassauta ƙasa. Wannan tsari hade da weeds, tun da kusancin ciyawar na haifar da tushen rubewa, taruwar kwari a cikin manyan duwatsu. A cikin duka, ana gudanar da jiyya 4-6 a lokacin girma.
Feedingarin ciyarwa don cucumbers
Shuke-shuken yana ɗaukar dukkanin abubuwan gina jiki daga ƙasa, saboda haka, daga lokacin dasa shuki zuwa ƙarshen lokacin 'ya'yan itacen, aƙalla an gabatar da baits 3-4.
Na farko yi bayan samuwar ganyen 2-3 a ganyen. Daga ma'adanai, ana amfani da cakuda urea (15 g), potassium sulfate (15 g) da superphosphate (50 g). Hakanan zaka iya tsarke mullein cikin ruwa (lita 1 na ruwa mai kauri a guga na ruwa) ko kuma tsutsar tsuntsaye (kofuna 1.5 da guga na ruwa).
Na biyu koto, mai arziki a cikin nitrogen-potassium abubuwa, an gabatar a matakin farko na fruiting, na uku - a tsakiyar watan Yuli.
Kuskuren kulawa
Gwanayen da ba su da kwarewa ba sa yin kuskuren da ke rage amfanin gona:
- watsi da hadi;
- zabi mara kyau na wurin gadaje;
- shuka tsaba da wuri;
- keta dokar shayarwa;
- jinkirta magani lokacin da aka gano lalacewa akan tsire-tsire.
Cututtuka da rigakafin su
Babban makiyan Paratunka cucumbers sune:
- tushen ruɓa;
- anthracnose;
- peronosporosis;
- farin ruɓa;
- aphid;
- miyar gizo-gizo.
A farkon alamun lalacewar shuka, ya zama dole ayi aiki da cire bishiyoyin marasa lafiya daga gonar don hana yaduwar cutar.
Rigakafin lokaci yana dauke da hanyar mafi inganci don kaucewa matsaloli, wanda ya ƙunshi matakan masu zuwa:
- riko da tazara yayin dasa shuki (a guji yin kauri);
- kula da matakin laima na ƙasa;
- duba yau da kullun na tsire-tsire;
- weeding da loosening na kasar gona;
- disinfection na tsaba da mãkirci don gadaje.
Dokokin girbi da ajiya
Paratunka cucumbers sun yi balaguro kimanin kwanaki 42 bayan girma.
Don hana 'ya'yan itacen girma, an ba da shawarar tattarawa 1 lokaci a cikin kwanaki 2... Kuna iya adana amfanin gonar da aka girba na aƙalla kwanaki 10 idan kun sanya kwalaye a cikin ginshiki (zafin jiki bai wuce + digiri 8 ba). Idan mai nuna alama ya wuce digiri + 10, to rayuwar tazara ta ragu zuwa kwanaki 4.
Paratunka samfurin ya sami karbuwa daga masu aikin lambu da ke zaune a sassa daban-daban na ƙasar. Yana da ban sha'awa a shuka shi, zaku iya yin gwaji tare da noman a cikin greenhouses, kamar yadda ƙwararrun innoan Bidi'a suka yi.