Yuni yana nufin tsohon, lokaci-gwada iri White kabeji. Ayyukan kiwo akan halittar wani iri-iri na farkon zamani, wanda yake da tsayayya musamman ga lokacin sanyi na bazara, an gudanar dashi a cikin shekarar 1967 ta ma'aikata na Cibiyar Nazarin Kayan Rasha ta Rasha.
Halaye da kwatancen botan na ire-iren su
Kabeji na Yuni na farkon iri ne. Tsawon lokacin daga shukokin farko har zuwa balaga ta fasaha kwana 92-100 ne.
Ganye yana da ƙaramin ganye mai ɗanɗano, wanda aka ɗaga kuma yana da diamita na 40-50 cm. Ganyen kore ne, tsayayye, tare da ɗan waxwo waxi mai ɗanɗano, gefunan farantin ganyen suna ɗan kaɗan.
Plantaƙƙarfa da girma shuke-shuke suna yin shuwagabannin ƙananan matsakaici. A waje, launi launi ne mai haske, akan yanke yana da ɗanɗano mai haske. Kututturen ciki na matsakaici tsayi. Shugabannin kabeji suna da halin juiciness, daidaituwa da nauyi daga 1.2 zuwa 2.5 kilogiram. Samfurin ya ƙunshi kwayoyin bushe a cikin adadin 8.1%, sugars - har zuwa 3.8% da ascorbic acid - 45 mg%.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani na nau'ikan
Abubuwan fa'idodi, godiya ga nau'ikan da ke cikin kyakkyawar buƙata tsakanin lambu, sun haɗa da:
- barga da yawan amfanin ƙasa, har zuwa kilogiram 6 ta 1 sq m.
- cikakkiyar 'ya'yan itacen marmari, tana ba ku damar shuka amfanin gona don samfuran kasuwa da wuri;
- kyakkyawan dandano mai amfani da tsarin kayan lambu mai laushi;
- ikon shuka don jure yanayin ƙarancin yanayi;
- tushen abinci mai gina jiki, musamman bitamin C.
Baya ga halaye masu kyau, akwai kuma rashin dacewar ire-irensu, wato;
- halin fatattaka kawunan kabeji, saboda haka, yana buƙatar girbi a lokacin da ya dace;
- ƙididdigar ƙimar kiyayewa, waɗanda ke da alaƙa ga duk farkon iri;
- kayan lambu don sabo ne kawai ake amfani dasu kuma basu dace da ferment ba.
Lokaci na dasa shuki kayan lambu don shuki
Irin kabeji baya buƙatar kowane shiri na musamman. Lokacin zabar lokacin shuka, kuna buƙatar lissafin lokacin da za ku dasa kabeji don tsire-tsire don a cikin Yuni akwai damar da za a yanke cokali na farko. Ya kamata a dasa kabeji a wani lokaci, amma ya danganta da yanayin yanayin yankin: daga farkon Maris zuwa Mayu. Idan kun shuka kabeji a farkon Maris, to ku dasa shi a wuri na dindindin a ƙarshen Afrilu, in ba haka ba tsire-tsire za su yi girma, wanda hakan zai shafi 'ya'yanta.
Babban abu shi ne cewa lokacin dasa shuki, shekarun shuki bai wuce kwana 50 ba.
Don girbi na wuri tare da ƙaramin ƙoƙari, masu ilimin lambu suna ba da shawarar shuka amfanin gona a ƙarshen Maris. Sannan za a iya dasa shuki a farkon shekarun Mayu. Wannan lokacin ana ɗaukarsa na gargajiya don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa a yankuna masu yanayin yanayi.
Girma yanayi na Yuni kabeji
Dasa shuki yana farawa tare da zaɓar shafin da yakamata rana ta haskaka shi sosai tsawon yini. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine don keɓe wani wuri wanda yake daidai ko tare da ƙananan gangaye zuwa kudu da kudu maso gabas.
Al'adar ta fi son ƙasa mai dausayi, ƙasa mai banƙyama. Idan kasar gona tana da ruwa, to lallai ne ya zama dole ne a yi mata liming, tunda a pH na kasa da 6.0, kabeji ba zai iya saita kawunan ba, kuma yana da saukin kamuwa da keel.
Legumes, hatsi, albasa, kokwamba sun dace da magabata. Ba a ba da shawarar dasa shuki don shekaru 2-3 a jere a wuri guda.
Shirya kasar gona don namo
Lokacin girma kabeji, dole ne a tuna cewa shirya ƙasa yana da mahimmancin gaske don samun ingantaccen girbi. Shuka tana neman tsari da yawan haihuwa na kasar gona. Sabili da haka, don dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar amfani da ƙasa mai haɗi kawai kuma ya kamata a yi hakan a gaba.
Don waɗannan dalilai, yankin da aka ba don dasawa dole ne a haƙa shi da felu a lokacin kaka kuma a sanye shi da humus da toka, wanda ake ɗauka mai kyau maganin kashe kwari don hana ci gaban ruɓewa. Kar ka manta da takin ma'adinai, kuma ƙara superphosphate da potassium chloride a cikin ƙasa. Da farkon bazara, sassauta rukunin yanar gizon sannan kuma ƙara hadadden abubuwan gina jiki.
Babban fasalin dasa kabeji a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa
Lokacin da yanayi ya dace, zaka iya dasa shuki. Tsire-tsire su sami ganye na gaskiya guda huɗu kafin yin shuka. Bai kamata a binne tsaba a cikin ramuka masu zurfin gaske akan ganyen farko na gaskiya ba kuma, ba ƙoƙarin lalata tushen tsarin ba. Ba za a iya rufe batun ci gaban ba. Ara ƙasa a kewayen kabeji da ruwa sosai.
Zai fi kyau dasa bisa ga tsarin shuka 40x60 cm.
Kulawa daidai bayan dasa
Shuka na buƙatar kulawa da yawa daga mai kula da lambun, kulawa koyaushe da samar da yanayi mai kyau don haɓaka. Don cikakken ci gaba da kuma samun kyakkyawan girbin kabeji, ya zama dole ayi waɗannan matakan matakan masu zuwa:
- kare tsire-tsire marasa girma daga hasken rana kai tsaye, tun da nau'ikan ba sa jure tsananin zafi;
- na sati daya bayan dasa shuki, fesa kananan tsire-tsire da ruwa sau uku a rana ta amfani da ruwan sha;
- tsaftace gadajen kabeji, cire ciyawa da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire;
- don aiwatar da ruwa mai inganci akan lokaci, tunda al'adar tana matukar bukatar danshi, kuma kadan bushewa daga sarkakiyar kasa yana haifar da daddawar kututture da dakatar da ci gaban tushen tsarin;
- samar da kabeji masu girma tare da abubuwan gina jiki ta hanyar gabatar da hadaddun takin gargajiya da na ma'adinai;
- duba tsire-tsire don bayyanar kwari, ba a rasa lokacin da yawan su ya fara bunkasa, kuma idan matsala ta taso, kar a yi amfani da ilmin sunadarai, amma a ba da fifiko ga mutane ko wakilin ilmin halitta.
Kulawa mai kyau tana tabbatar da cewa kayan lambu masu inganci sunzo da wuri.
Cututtuka da rigakafin su
Kabeji, kamar kowane irin kayan lambu, ana fallasa shi da yawancin kwari da cututtuka kuma yana buƙatar matakan kulawa da ya dace.
CUTA | |||
Suna | Bayani | Matakan sarrafawa | |
Keela | Kasancewar girma a kan tushen tsarin da ke hana ƙananan tushe ci gaba | Cire kuma ƙona ƙwayoyin cuta masu cuta, kashe ƙwayoyin ƙasa da ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma kar ku shuka kabeji a wannan wurin tsawon shekaru 4. | |
Fusarium wilting | Yellowing da wilting ganye, wanda daga baya ya fadi, barin bargo mara tare da Rosette ganye a kambi. A sakamakon haka, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar kamuwa da cuta, ci gaban tsire-tsire yana tsayawa. | Ba za a iya magance cutar ba. Don hana kamuwa daga cutar, cire tsire-tsire masu cuta daga gonar tare da dunkulen kasa. | |
Blackleg | Kullun abin wuya na tushe da tushe na tushe ya zama baƙi kuma ya fara ruɓewa, saboda abin da tsire ya daina haɓaka kuma daga baya ya mutu | Ba za a iya maganin abin da ya kamu da cuta ba, dole ne a cire shi daga lambun a ƙone shi kuma a kashe shi ta hanyar shirye-shiryen da suka dace | |
Kwari | |||
Kwarin kwari | Kwari suna huda fatar shukar kuma su tsotse ruwan daga ganyen, yayin da ganyen ke lankwasawa kuma shukar ta mutu | Idan al'ada ta shafi cikin matakan farko, kuna buƙatar yin yaƙi ta amfani da magungunan gargajiya na zamani. Tare da ƙaruwa mai ƙarfi na ƙwayoyin cuta, kuna buƙatar yaƙar su da sunadarai | |
Kabeji aphid | Kwarin kwari suna kawo hari ga tsire-tsire, suna raunana shi, saboda haka yana lalata hanyoyin tafiyar da rayuwa |
Yarda da duk ƙa'idojin fasahar aikin gona ga yanayin haɓaka zai ba da damar shuke-shuke da ƙwazo da nasara tare da ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwari masu haɗari.
Dokokin girbi da ajiya
Dangane da bayanin nau'ikan, kawunan kabeji sun yi girma a lokaci guda a ƙarshen Yuni, bayan kwanaki 55-60 bayan dasawa. Zai yiwu a ƙayyade shirye-shiryen amfanin gona don girbi ta alamun waje. Idan kan kayan lambu yana da ƙarfi kuma ya kai girman da ake buƙata, to zaku iya fara girbi. Hakanan, sigina don girbi shine rawaya daga ƙananan ganye na cikin manyan kayan lambu, wanda ke nuna kammalawar ci gaban tsari da adana abubuwan gina jiki.
Yana da kyau a tara da safe a cikin bushewar sanyin yanayi. Yanke kayan lambu a hankali ta amfani da wuka mai kaifi. A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar barin ganye uku da dungu 2 cm tsayi.
Bai kamata a jinkirta girbi ba, kamar yadda shugabannin kabeji ke sa ido da sauri suna fara fashewa da lalacewa.
Ba za a iya ajiye kabejin Yuni na dogon lokaci ba. Ana nufin cinye shi tsakanin makonni 2 bayan girbi.
Don samun samfuran inganci, kuna buƙatar yin ƙoƙari, da kuma sanin wasu siffofin wannan al'ada. Yana da mahimmanci don samar da kabeji da yanayi mai daɗi kuma ku ji daɗin kyakkyawan ɗanɗano na lafiyayye da sabo kayan lambu a watan Yuni.