Tarihin wake kusan shekaru dubu 7 kenan. Dangane da dangin legume, fiye da nau'ikan 250 a halin yanzu an san su, amma kusan 20 galibi ana amfani da su, waɗanda suka haɗa da hawa. Al'adar tana bin tarihinta mai dumbin yawa daidai gwargwado, mai amfani mai amfani: cikakken saiti na bitamin, babban adadin micro da macroelements, fiber, carbohydrates, fats, pectin da furotin na kayan lambu wanda ya zama dole ga mutum, dangane da abin da yake na biyu kawai ga nama! Wani irin wake muke koya daga labarin.
Nau'in wake
Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan iri daban-daban na wannan amfanin gona, amma ga kowane akwai ƙa'idodi na yau da kullun don girma da kulawa. Kowane irin wake shine thermophilic, saboda haka, ya kamata a dasa tsaba a farkon rabin watan Mayu, lokacin da ƙasa tayi ɗumi har zuwa digiri 12-14. Don saurin tsire-tsire, ana ba da shawarar a jiƙa tsaba a dare cikin ruwa, kuma tun kafin shuka - tsawon minti 5 a cikin maganin boric acid. Wannan zai karfafa shuki, kara yawan amfanin gona.
Legumes na ƙira suna da ikon shayar da ƙasa tare da nitrogen - ƙwayoyin nodule suna ɗauke shi daga iska, don haka tsire-tsire kyakkyawan tsari ne ga yawancin kayan lambu a cikin lambun.
Girma daji wake
Wannan jinsin yana kama da ƙananan busanƙara har zuwa tsawon 60cm. Zai iya girma a inuwar manyan bishiyoyi, tsakanin bishiyoyin currants, gooseberries, amma ba za a iya inuwa da yawa ba - zai shafi yawan amfanin ƙasa. Dasa zurfin - bai wuce 2 cm ba, in ba haka ba tsaba zasu mutu koda lokacin kumburi a cikin ƙasa. Shuka yana son ƙasa mai takin gargajiya tare da humus, yana da kyau sosai don ciyar da abinci mai gina jiki. Ana iya dasa shi sosai - layuka a nesa na 30 cm, tsakanin tsaba - 4-5 cm.
Wake wake na buƙatar hawa biyu don samun kwanciyar hankali. Yana daukar kimanin kwanaki 55 daga lokacin da ya fara tsiro har zuwa nunawar koren wake mai laushi. Pods, edible, mai tsananin dandano, fibrous, musamman a cikin iri iri.
Green ko kore
'Yan Italiyanci ne farkon waɗanda suka fara tunanin amfani da kwandon da ba a kai ba daga Turawa don abinci. Yankunan da aka yi daga koren ko launin rawaya na Faransanci suna da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, mai ƙarancin abun cikin kalori - 25 kcal / 100g ne kawai na kayan, wadatacce cikin bitamin da ƙananan abubuwa (fiye da na hatsi), kodayake basu da ƙarancin furotin a cikin busassun hatsi. Koren wake yana samar da kyakkyawan amfani... Amfaninsa ga jiki yana da wuyar zato:
- yana taimakawa wajen inganta narkewa;
- yana rage matakan sikarin jini;
- babban abun ciki na sanadarin sulphur yana da tasirin kariya daga cututtukan hanji masu yaduwa;
- fiber, furotin, carbohydrates, abubuwan alamomin suna da tasiri mai amfani akan yanayin jiki, musamman, haɓaka tsarin gashi da fata.
Curly iri-iri
A zahiri, ana iya raba kowane nau'in wake zuwa daji da curly. A karshen suna da yawa musamman iri.
Halaye masu zuwa na kowa ne a gare su:
- rashin wayewa da girman ci gaba, wanda ke ba da damar yin furanni da ba da fruita fruita daga tsakiyar watan Yuni har zuwa farkon yanayin sanyi;
- nau'ikan siffofi da launuka na inflorescences, pods, hatsi;
- wadatar ƙasa da nitrogen.
Tattara akwatunan kwalliya a koyaushe a lokacin bazara yana ƙarfafa samuwar sabbin ƙwayaye. Tare da karamin fili da aka mamaye, nau'in halittar wannan al'adar yana ba da kyakkyawan girbi, idan an ɗaura shi a cikin lokaci, yana yin aikin ado, don haka ana iya dasa shi kusa da shinge, gazebo, ƙarƙashin baranda. Yanayin girma da dukiyoyi masu amfani iri ɗaya ne da na sauran nau'ikan al'adu.
Bishiyar asparagus ko kayan lambu
Wannan nau'ikan wake ne wanda ba a daɗe da shi ba don amfani musamman a cikin kore (unripe) tsari. Pods suna kore ko rawaya (ya danganta da iri-iri), na bakin ciki, tsawon 12-15 cm, dandano mai matukar kyau, mai laushi, mai naman sukari, ba tare da m zaruruwa ba. Hesananan bishiyoyi suna da ƙasa - daga 30 zuwa 70 cm, masu kaɗan, amma duk da girman tsiron, suna bada har zuwa kilogiram 1 na wake a kowace kaka.
Duk nau'ikan wake yawanci ana raba shi zuwa sukari da sukari rabin-sukari. An yi niyyar cin kwalayen sukari a matsayin kwasfa, waɗanda suke da madauwari-ɓangaren da aka cika da abu mai kama da jelly. Semi-sugar pods suna da kyau, jelly ya fi ƙanƙan da yawa. Irin waɗannan nau'o'in na duniya ne: duka kwalliya da hatsi sun dace da amfani.
Don samun girbi mai kyau duk lokacin bazara, kuna buƙatar shuka iri daban-daban, la'akari da ranakun da suka nuna - tun daga farkon nunannin da suka nuna (kwanaki 65 daga tsire-tsire zuwa fasahar zamani) zuwa ƙarshen iri (kwanaki 100). Busananan bushes ba sa buƙatar kayan tallafi, suna da tsayayya ga sanyi, farkon girbi.
Launin shuni
Baya ga koren koren da koren koren shuke-shuke, shuke-shuke masu duhu masu ɗaɗɗo da shuɗi sun sami tushe a cikin lambunan kayan lambu: iri-iri na Bluhilda (Jamus), da Purple King (Austria), da dai sauransu. Da farko, kwayayen da ke kan inabin ya kasance na launin kore ne da aka saba, amma idan kwayayen sun kai tsayin 10 cm, sai launin nan take ya canza zuwa purple.
Idan muka kwatanta wadannan nau'ikan guda biyu, kwalliyar Bluhilda sun fi ta jiki, amma kafin su balaga, bawul din yayi nauyi, zaren ya bayyana. Mitsitsin hatsi, mai, mai taushi da ɗanɗano, da sauri. Wake na Purple King mai lebur ne, ba mai nama ba, amma ba tare da takardar takarda ba, bai gaza na farkon waɗanda ke ɗanɗano ba. Yayin girkin, sukan canza launi zuwa kore.
Shelling (hatsi)
Hulling iri ne ke girma musamman don hatsi, kodayake sukan yi latti sosai.
Misali, a tsakiyar Rasha, hatsi na ire-iren wadannan nau'ikan ba sa yin yalwa, kuma kwalliyar, ko da a farkon matakan nunawa, suna da tsari mai kauri wanda bai dace da amfanin dan adam ba.
Amma, tabbas, idan kun haɓaka su a cikin yankin dumi mai dumi, zaku iya samun kyakkyawan girbi na ƙoshin lafiya, mai wadataccen bitamin da ma'adanai, tare da babban abun cikin furotin.
Mafi yawan nau'ikan iri: Ballada, Rubin, Zolotistaya, Varvara, Karimci, da dai sauransu Ana kimanta su don yawan amfanin ƙasa da ɗanɗano.
Wani launi ne wake?
Fari
Hatsunan irin waɗannan wake suna da launi mai launin madarar madara, ingantaccen tsari. Babban fa'idar farin wake shine babban furotin da ke ciki - 20%. Dangane da fa'idodi ga jiki, ana iya kwatanta shi da furotin na naman shanu, kuma, ƙari ma, ba shi da kitsen dabbobi, wanda ke ba shi wahalar haɗuwa da irin wannan muhimmin abu ga ɗan adam.
Ayyuka masu amfani:
- yana cire gubobi da gubobi;
- rage matakin mummunan cholesterol a cikin jini;
- yana da sakamako mai amfani akan tsarin zuciya;
- za a iya amfani da shi yayin cin abinci, saboda an cika shi da abubuwa masu amfani tare da ƙananan kalori (120 kcal / 100g).
Ja
Red hatsi suna da ƙananan kalori (94 kcal), suna ƙunshe da adadi mai yawa na bitamin B6, B12, B1, A, C, E, PP, amino acid, lysine, arginine, magnesium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, da sauransu. Saboda irin wadataccen hadadden sinadarin, jan wake yana da tasiri mai tasiri kan aiki da gabobi da yawa da tsarin jikin mutum. - juyayi, jijiyoyin jini, sashin ciki, yana ƙarfafa garkuwar jiki, yana inganta yanayin gashi, haƙori, fata.
Baƙi
Amfanin hatsin baƙar fata an haɓaka shi ta hanyar mahimmancin haɗakar dukkan abubuwan da ke tattare da su.
Yawan launin wake, yafi samun wadataccen abinci a ciki.
Baƙon hatsi galibi galibi ana samunsu a cikin jita-jita na Latin Amurka kuma suna da ɗanɗano mai daɗi da hayaƙi. Baƙin baƙar fata sun fi wadata a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin sunadarai; dangane da ƙoshin lafiya da ƙimar magani, sun kasance na farko a cikin kayayyakin asalin shuka. Ya isa ya ce baƙar fata ita ce abinci mafi amfani don rigakafin cutar kansa da ciwon sukari.
Kamar yadda kake gani, fa'idodin wannan samfurin da ƙyar za'a iya ƙididdige su. Cin wake aƙalla sau biyu a mako a cikin sifofi daban-daban - salads, na farko, na biyu, da sauransu. - tabbas zai sami sakamako mai amfani a jikinka. Ko a waje, zai zama sananne - fata mai karammiski, gashi mai sheki, kyawawan kusoshi ana ba ku tare da amfani da wake na yau da kullun gaba ɗaya musamman baƙar fata.