Dankali wata al'ada ce da ba ta dace ba. Tare da ƙasa masu dacewa, yana girma cikin nasara koda a yanayin sanyi. Za'a iya haɓaka yawan aiki sosai tare da bin ƙa'idodi don dasa dankali. Yi la'akari da zurfin zurfin santimita nawa don dasa al'adun.
Dokokin dasa dankalin turawa
Duk da kasancewar ɗaruruwan tsire-tsire irin kiwo da aka samu nasarar horar da su a cikin yanayinmu mai sanyi, duk suna buƙatar adadin haske, danshi da ƙimar ƙasa.
Mafi kyawun zaɓi don dasa shuki dankali ƙasa ce mai baƙar fata, halayyar yankuna kudu, kuma wani ɓangare don yankin mai yanayi. A cikin ƙasa baƙar fata cewa tsarin tushen dankalin turawa, wanda yake a cikin wani layin a zurfin aƙalla akalla 25 cm, yana jin daɗi sosai.
Daidai zurfin
Akwai hanyoyi guda uku don sanya dankali a cikin ƙasa, tare da zurfin dasa shuki daban-daban:
- .Arami - bai fi 6 cm ba; ana amfani da hanyar yayin da har yanzu ana aza tubers a cikin ƙasa mai sanyi, ko ƙasa tana da nau'ikan nau'ikan nauyi, masu ƙamshi wanda ke da wahalar shawo kan tsiron.
- Matsakaici - daga 6 zuwa 10 cm; manufa don yankunan da ƙasa mai yashi.
- Mai zurfi - 12 cm ko fiye; sun dace sosai da ƙasa mai inganci tare da yawan haihuwa, kazalika ga yankuna da rashin ƙarancin danshi.
A cikin yankunan chernozem, ana amfani da matsakaici da zurfin dasa dankali. An bayyana wannan ta wadataccen sako-sako na duniya (masu tsiro suna iya samun hanyar su a sauƙaƙe), da kuma farkon ɗumi-ɗumi na ƙasa.
Har ila yau, ƙaddarar dasa ta ƙaddara ta girman tubers. Idan sun kasance ƙananan (ƙasa da 50 g), sa'annan sanya su ɗan girma kaɗan.
Nisa tsakanin daji lokacin dasa shuki
Babban aikin shine tantance ƙarancin zurfin rami - ba wa tushen tushen shuka isasshen dakin da zai bunkasa... Nisa daga makwancin tubers ba shi da mahimmanci a nan.
A lokaci guda, yana da kyawawa don amfani da sararin samaniya yadda ya kamata.
Girman mafi kyau duka na tubers don dasawa bai gaza 50 g ba kuma kadan fiye da g 100. Kuna buƙatar zaɓar kayan abu ka shirya shi don shuka tun kafin fara aiki.
Don ƙayyade daidai tsakanin gandun daji lokacin dasa shuki, yana da daraja a mai da hankali kan tsarin tushen tsirrai na gaba - kada su tsoma baki tare. Muna kula da girman tubers: mafi girman su, mafi girman tazara tsakanin ramuka da muka bari.
- Dankali mai nauyi kasa da 50 g - kowane 20 cm.
- Dankali mai nauyin 50-100 g - kowane 20-28 cm.
- Dankali mai nauyin sama da 100g - kowane 28-40 cm.
Ofarfin tushen tushen yana rinjayar ba kawai ta girman tuber ba, amma har ma da haɓakar "ido" daga tushen sa. Idan akwai da yawa daga cikinsu, kuma an raba wuri, to tsarin tushen tsarin zai kasance musamman lush... Kowane iri yana da akalla idanu 2-3.
Jere tazara lokacin dasa shuki
Nisa tsakanin layukan shuke-shuke iri daya ne da nisan ramuka - yalwar sarari yana tabbatar da ci gaban shuka da sauri, nauyin kwayar yana karuwa, sakamakon haka, da kuma yawan amfanin gona.
Mafi karancin tazarar jere ana daukarta kamar 60-70 cm, amma anan yakamata a maida hankali kan nau'ikan dankalin turawa:
- Furewa da wuri - 70-80 cm.
- Marigayi ya makara - 80-100 cm.
Dokar ta shafi tsarin shuka da aka fi sani - a kan tudu da kuma a cikin ramuka. Don zaɓin farko, yana da mahimmanci musamman don kiyaye nesa, tunda lokacin da layuka ba su da nisa da juna, matsaloli suna faruwa tare da tudu, wanda wani lokacin ana buƙatar aiwatar da shi sau 2 a kowane yanayi.
Kodayake sanya dankalin turawa a cikin lambun a kowane yanayi ana yin sahu ne, su kansu za'a iya shirya su ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Shahararren hanyar gwaji tana dasawa a layuka biyu tare da ƙarin tazara a tsakanin su.
Da wannan makircin "Rabin layuka" suna tsaye kusa da juna - a cikin wasu santimita 20, amma ana yin tazarar layin a tsawan mita maimakon 60-80 cm da aka saba.
Za'a iya fadada wannan makircin idan bishiyu ya dusashe.
Ana iya lasafta shi cewa yawan albarkatu a cikin murabba'in mita ɗari ya kasance iri ɗaya kamar yadda yake a fasalin zamani, amma muna samun fa'idodi da yawa - samun haske mafi kyau daga gefe ɗaya daga cikin daji, sauƙin sarrafa bishiyoyi, kuma a ƙarshe, kyakkyawar bayyanar gadon gonar.
Nasihu don dasa dankali
Ba duk yan lambu bane suka sani cewa an yarda da dasa dankali ba tare da cikakkiyar tsaba ba, amma tare da yankashi. Ana yin wannan ko dai tare da ƙarancin tsaba, ko tare da yawan girman tubers na mutum.
Bai kamata ku zagi damar ba, tunda mahimmancin shuka daga cuts ya raunana... Yana da mahimmanci a tuna da waɗannan ƙa'idodi masu zuwa:
- Kowane ɓangare na tuber ya kamata ya sami a kalla 2-3 "idanu" na asalinsu na gaba.
- An dasa tsaba da aka sare ne kawai bayan an sarrafar da cutukan, don haka da wuya su kamu da rashin lafiya.
- Mafi ƙarancin nauyin tuber da aka yanke don dasawa shine aƙalla 30 g.
Lokacin dasa shuki dankali, yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye layuka koda, in ba haka ba wasu daga cikin tsire-tsire babu makawa zasu sami karancin wurin zama. Yana da wahala ayi wannan ta ido.
Zaka iya amfani da hanyoyi biyu masu sauƙi:
- Alamar gadaje kafin shuka - na farko, an bayyana jeri na farko, an zana alama a wurinsa; ana auna wadanda ke gaba daga jere, suna yin alama a yankin sauka a kowane fur.
- A matsayin jagora yi amfani da allon talaka tare da tsawon gado; yayin da aka dasa jere na gaba, ana motsa allon, yana ƙoƙarin kiyaye nisan da ake buƙata ta ido.
Hanyoyin suna da sauki, amma suna da tasiri. Tare da ma dasa shuki, murabba'in mita dari na baƙar ƙasa yakamata ya sauka daga bishiyoyi 350 zuwa 500, gwargwadon girman tubers.
Tsarin saukowa: tudu da mahara, girman kai
Dabaru iri daban-daban na dasa dankalin turawa na iya taimakawa don fahimtar cikakkiyar ingancin kasar gona da rage gazawarta. Akwai da yawa daga cikinsu:
- A kan dutse - an kafa gado a cikin nau'i na layuka na ridges, daukaka ta 10-30 cm; saboda haka, tubers suna sama da matakin ƙasa.
- A cikin ramuka - an dasa dankali a cikin ramuka mara tsayi (5-10 cm), an cika shi da ciyawar humus, peat, sawdust tun kaka.
Dasa dankali kwayoyin a cikin akwati - analogue na "mai kaifin baki" gadaje; an yi kwanten kwatankwacin faɗin mita, an kafa bangon daga allon ko bulo; an shimfida mai dausayi mai kyau a cikin yadudduka (humus-takin-ƙasa), in ba haka ba sakawar ta samu kamar yadda aka saba.
Wadannan makircin sune madadin hanyar da aka fi sani - a karkashin shebur. Kodayake sun fi ƙarfin aiki, suna da fa'idodi da yawa.
Tsarin yadda za a dasa dankali a gonar da cikin kasar
Baya ga girbi mai wadata, makirce-makircen makirci suna ba da damar yin la'akari da yanayin yanayin yankin.
A kan dutse
A ɓangarensu na sama, ana zana wasu ɓoyayyun raɓa waɗanda aka dasa dankali a ciki. A ciki yana da mahimmanci cewa tsefe:
- ya kasance mai tudu, tare da zagaye kewaye;
- a cikin wani yanayi ya zama ya zama mai kusurwa uku, in ba haka ba tsiron zai tsiro zuwa ɓangarorin, kuma ba sama ba;
- irin wannan dasa shi ya fi sauki a dunkule, yawan danshi ba ya tarawa a kanta a cikin yanayi mai ruwa.
A cikin ramuka
Har zuwa zurfin 30 cm, an cika su da humus mai amfani, inda ake sanya tubers; ruwa yana tarawa mafi kyau a ramuka, don haka hanyar ita ce mafi kyau ga yankuna tare da rani mai rani.
Kwayar halitta a cikin akwati
An fi adana abubuwa masu gina jiki a cikin akwatin, za a iya canza matakan da ke ba da amfani a kowace shekara; ƙasa tana ɗumi da sauri a cikin bazara, saboda makircin yana ba da damar dasa shukokin farko da suka girma; makircin yana da makawa matattara ta arewacin latitude.
Dasa zurfin lokacin amfani da tsayayyun shimfidu
Zurfin dasa shuki yana da mahimmanci a cikin makircin makirci. Za'a iya fara aiwatar lokacin da zafin jiki na ƙasa yayi ɗumi har zuwa 8 ° C... Yi la'akari da nuances da zurfin ramin:
- A kan tudu - a cikin tsaunuka warmed daga bangarorin uku, zafin jiki ya tashi da sauri; zurfin tuber ya dogara ne kawai da ƙasa - a kan loam bai fi 6-8 cm ba, kuma akan ƙasa baƙi da yashi - 8-10 cm.
- A cikin ramuka - yana da mahimmanci a kula da zurfin ramuka da kansu, jira da lada mai cike da su don raguwa kuma an sami ɓacin rai wanda bai wuce 5 cm ba; a ciki kuma sanya iri.
- A kan kwayoyin halitta a cikin akwati - da kuma kan gadaje a cikin yanayin ridges, saka a cikin kwantena a baya, zurfin karami ne - 6-8 cm.
Ana ba da shawarar a shigar da kwantena na kwalliya ta hanyar arewa zuwa kudu, wanda ke ba shuke-shuke ƙarin haske.
Yadda ake dasa dankali a karkashin shebur
Duk da yawan sha'awar da ake da ita ta hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa don samar da gadaje, dasa dankali a ƙarƙashin shebur ya kasance kuma har yanzu shine zaɓi na kowa. Wannan hanyar "kakan" ta dasawa da hannu, kodayake mai sauki ne, shima yana bukatar wani ilimi daga mai lambun.
Yaya zurfin santimita nawa
Hanyar ita ce sauki shebur - an yi rami a cikin ƙasa don sakawa, rabin tsawon ruwan ƙwanƙolin, wato, daidai da 10-12 cm.
Lokacin girma dankali a karkashin shebur, tubers din an shimfida su a gindin hutu, an yayyafa shi da kasa ko dai ya hau saman, ko kuma ya zama tsauni 5 cm.
Tsarin gargajiya na tubers a cikin hanyar shebur shine 70 cm tsakanin layuka (boletus) da 30 cm tsakanin ramuka.
Abin da felu ake bukata don dasa dankali
Mafi dacewa don aiki a gadaje nau'in felu - bayoneti... Ana yin ruwan wukake a cikin sifa mai ƙyalli. Ana amfani da karafa masu ƙarfi azaman kayan aiki - ƙarfe kayan aiki, ko ma titanium. Standard ruwa masu girma dabam:
- Tsawon - 32 cm.
- Nisa a gindin shine 23 cm.
Hakanan akwai zaɓuɓɓuka marasa daidaituwa, a matsayin doka, girmansu ya bambanta zuwa sama daga ƙa'idar.
Ta yaya ake saukarwa ba tare da shebur
Lokacin shirya gadaje, zaka iya yin gaba ɗaya ba tare da kayan aikin mahara ba. Da fari dai, ana yin aikin kasa da sauri ta hanyar amfani da garmar lambu, amma hanyar tana da kyau idan ka dasa dankali a cikin burodin.
Daga baya shi zai buƙaci tuddai mai wahala.
Wani zaɓi don dasa shuki dankali ba shi da zurfi. Yayi kama da gadaje "wayayyu" iri ɗaya. Ba a binne tubers bisa manufa, amma an ɗora su a saman duniya, ana yayyafa su a sama da Layer ɗin ciyawa ko ciyawa (cakuda peat, sawdust, humus, da sauransu). Wannan ƙirar tana kiyaye zafi sosai, baya buƙatar digging.
Masu lambu suna da zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa waɗanda za su zaɓa daga dasa dankali da ƙwarewa ko kuma a cikin ƙasar. Bari tsire-tsire ya kasance ɗayan sanannen mai jure yanayin mummunan yanayi, shi ba kasa da wasu ba yana buƙatar ƙoƙari da ƙoƙari daga mutum a cikin namo.