Strawberries sune mashahuran Berry waɗanda manya da yara ke girmamawa, wanda shine dalilin da yasa za'a iya samun su a kusan kowane yanki na lambun. Amma kafin dasa wannan al'adun, yawancin mazaunan bazara suna fuskantar mawuyacin zaɓi na wani nau'in. Don adana sarari a cikin lambun kuma sami girbi kamar yadda ya yiwu, ya kamata ku kula da strawberries Elsanta. A cikin wannan labarin zamuyi magana game da bayanin wannan nau'ikan Victoria.
Bayanin ire-iren victoria elsanta
Elsanta strawberries an bred a Holland a cikin 1981 ta tsallaka Gorella da Holiday.
Tun da kiwo na wannan nau'ikan, ya zama wani nau'in ƙirar amfanin ƙasa kuma har yau shine babban mai nuna inganci.
Bishiyoyin shukar suna girma zuwa matsakaici, sami rauni mai yaduwa. Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa shine ƙarancin gashin baki da rotse a kan su.
Elsanta strawberries ƙanana ne, a matsakaita, ɗayansu yana da nauyin gram 45-50, suna da madaidaiciya maɗaukaki ko zagaye a sifa. A waje, irin waɗannan fruitsa fruitsan itacen suna da haske ja mai ƙyalƙyali, yayin da a ciki suna da mulufi kuma suna da mataccen gaske. Gwanin irin wannan strawberry mai dadi ne, tare da ɗan ƙaramin laushi. Ofaya daga cikin mahimman fa'idodi na irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin zai zama ƙimar su, saboda abin da aka adana su fiye da sauran iri, kuma jigilar su ba ta kawo matsala da yawa.
'Ya'yan Elsanta suna faruwa ne a matsakaiciyar magana kuma suna daɗewa, don haka za'a iya girbe kilogram 1.5 na' ya'yan itace daga daji ɗaya. Za a iya amfani da amfanin gonar da aka samu don sabon amfani, daskarewa da shirye-shiryen nau'ikan shirye-shirye.
Dangane da duk ƙa'idodi don dasa shukar, ana iya girbe 'ya'yan itace na farko a kakar mai zuwa.
Don samun girbi mai inganci, dole ne a sake dasa shuki sau ɗaya kowace shekara 3-4.
Wannan iri-iri baya jurewa sanyi da fari sosai. Ba tare da tsari ba, irin wannan tsiron zai mutu idan zafin jiki ya sauka ƙasa da digiri -14.
Yankin Ci Gaban Yanayi
Ganin cewa Elsanta an yi kiwonta a Turai, to yanayi mai zafi ko yanayi mai zafi zai zama yanayi mai kyau don noman ta.
Wannan nau'ikan zai iya samun tushe ta hanya mafi kyau a kudanci ko yankin tsakiyar Rasha, inda ba za a fidda shukar cikin yanayin sanyi ba.
Koyaya, yana da daraja tunawa cewa a tsakiyar Rasha, sanyi mai tsananin gaske na iya zuwa, wanda dole ne a ɓoye kuma a kiyaye strawberries.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani na nau'ikan
Iri-iri ab advantagesbuwan amfãni:
- in mun gwada da manyan 'ya'yan itace tare da kyakkyawar dandano;
- yawan amfanin ƙasa, godiya ga wanda Elsanta ya shahara sosai;
- 'ya'yan itatuwa suna jure wa harkokin sufuri da kyau;
- rayuwar rayuwar irin waɗannan strawberries a zazzabin ɗaki shine kwanaki 3, kuma idan kun sanya 'ya'yan itacen a cikin firiji, za su riƙe ƙarancinsu na kwanaki 5;
- shrub din baya buƙatar ciyarwa akai-akai;
- tsire-tsire baya jin tsoron cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, da fungal tabo da kuma verticillosis.
Rashin amfani:
- mummunan yanayin sanyi, wanda baya bawa Elsantha girma a yankunan da ke da mummunan yanayi;
- Dogaro da ruwan sha na yau da kullun;
- hangen nesa ga cututtuka irin su tushen ruɓe da fure-fure.
Shuka shuka da barin ta
Domin Elsanta ta ba da kyakkyawan girbi, ya zama dole a bi duk ƙa'idojin dasa shuki. Wannan iri-iri na strawberry ana ba da shawarar a dasa a kaka, a rabi na biyu na Satumba. Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin bazara, akwai haɗarin samun ƙananan fruitsa fruitsan itace.
Hakanan ya zama dole a shirya gadaje, saboda wannan an tono ƙasa a hankali, sako-sako, ta fasa dunƙulen ta kuma shayar da ruwa sosai.
Bayan kwana guda, zaku iya fara yin ramuka da dasa shukoki. Wararrun lambu sun ba da shawarar sanya strawberries ta yadda hanyar da ke tsakanin layuka ta kasance santimita 40, kuma tsakanin ramuka a jere ɗaya santimita 25.
Ana amfani da takin mai zuwa ga murabba'in mita 1 na kasar gona:
- Kilogiram 3 na rubabben taki ko takin gargajiya;
- 10 grams na potassium chloride;
- 30 grams na superphosphate.
Zai fi kyau shuka strawberries a cikin gajimare, lokacin ruwa.
Tsarin dasa kanta yana da sauki, kuma kowa zai iya jurewa dashi. Da farko, an kwance ƙasa sosai, bayan haka kuma sai su haƙa rami mai zurfin santimita 8-10 kuma sa gandun daji a can. Bayan ƙarshen aikin, ana shayar da strawberries kuma ana mulched tare da peat, takin ko humus.
Kulawar Strawberry
Nau'in iri-iri baya jure farin fari sosai, sabili da haka, babban doka yayin girma waɗannan 'ya'yan itacen zai wadatar kuma ya dace da shayarwa. A cikin watan farko bayan dasa shuki, ana maimaita aikin a kowace rana, bayan haka kuma yawan ruwan a hankali yana raguwa sau 1 a mako. A ranakun zafi da bushe, ana shayar da Elsanthu sau ɗaya a cikin kwanaki 4-5. Ya kamata a tuna cewa ana ƙara lita 8-10 na ruwa a kowace murabba'in mita 1 na shuka.
Bugu da ƙari ya kamata a kiyaye bishiyoyi daga rana mai zafi kuma a fesa ta da ganye a cikin ruwan zafi.
Wata hanya mai mahimmanci za a sami saukowar lokaci da kuma cire ciyawar, wanda ake aiwatarwa sau ɗaya a kowane mako biyu.
Gogaggen lambu ba su ba da shawarar takin irin wannan nau'ikan strawberry, sai dai tsawon shekaru 3 na rayuwa, lokacin da tsiron ya lalace kuma ba tare da ƙarin tallafi ba, yawa da ingancin amfanin gona na iya canzawa zuwa mummunan.
- A ƙarshen Satumba, a ƙarshen ƙarshen frua fruan na biyu, ana ciyar da dazuzzuka tare da takin zamani mai rikitarwa;
- A lokacin bazara, da zaran ya yi dusar ƙanƙara kuma yanayin ya daidaita, ana amfani da urea ko wasu takin mai dauke da sinadarin nitrogen a ƙarƙashin strawberries.
Amfani da takin mai ma'adinai, zai fi kyau a shayar da ruwa aisles don kauce wa lalacewar ganyen shukar.
Ana shirya strawberries don hunturu
Ganin cewa Elsant "baya haƙuri da sanyi, dole ne a shirya shi don farkon lokacin hunturu, saboda ana aiwatar da waɗannan nau'ikan aikin:
- Ganyen Pruning;
- Cire sassan tsire-tsire marasa lafiya;
- Jiyya na bushes daga kwari iri daban-daban;
- Sassa kasa, yayin da yafi kyau barin ciyawar a wuri, saboda cire su na iya lalata tsarin tushen strawberry, wanda watakila bashi da lokacin dawowa kafin sanyi na farko;
- Sannan suna aiwatar da wadataccen ruwan sha da ciyawa tare da peat, allurai, busasshiyar ciyawa ko ganye;
- Mataki na karshe zai kasance kai tsaye ya rufe strawberries.
Akwai ra'ayoyi biyu game da yanke Elsanta:
- Wata ƙungiyar lambu suna ganin yana da kyau kada a tsoma baki tare da aiwatar da tsari na halitta ko cire ganye kafin lokacin sanyi ya zo. Wannan saboda suna iya samar da ƙarin mafaka ga kodan;
- ra'ayi na biyu shine cewa yankan ganyayyaki yana kara shuka kyau kuma yana samarda mafi girma shekara mai zuwa.
Don kar a cutar da tsire a lokacin yankan, yana da kyau a tuna cewa kawai ganye da eriya na strawberry ne za a cire kai tsaye, yayin da masu tushe ya kamata su kasance cikakke.
Suna rufe dazuzzuka bayan farkon sanyi sun wuce. Wannan ya zama dole domin su daɗa yin ƙarfi kuma su fi dacewa da sanyi na hunturu. Ana iya amfani da rassan spruce, bambaro, busasshiyar ganye ko kayan rufe abubuwa na musamman azaman kayan rufewa. Gardenwararrun lambu sun ba da shawarar ba da fifiko ga kayan halitta, saboda iska tana ratsawa ta cikinsu, yana hana strawberries ruɓewa da ruɓewa.
Hanyoyin haifuwa
Ganin cewa Elsanta strawberry wani nau'ine ne na matasan, ba a cika yin amfani da yaduwar iri ba, saboda a wannan yanayin akwai ƙarancin yiwuwar kiyaye halayen mahaifiya.
Tsarin girma daga tsaba kamar haka:
- Da farko, ana wanke tsaba kuma ana shanyata sosai;
- Watanni 2-3 kafin dasa shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, an shimfiɗa tsaba a cikin kwantena, an rufe su da siririn ƙasa na ƙasa kuma a hankali sun jiƙa;
- Carearin kulawa zai kunshi ruwa na yau da kullun da kan lokaci.
Yaduwar gashin baki ya dace da shuke-shuke masu karfi da lafiya kawai. A kan kowane irin wannan daji, an zaɓi gashin baki mafi ƙarfi kuma an tanƙwara tare da fure a ƙasa, dole ne a cire sauran gashin baki. Wajibi ne a kula da irin wannan harbi kamar shuka. Za'a iya raba shuki mako daya kafin dasawa.
A lokacin bazara, an tono wani matashi mai shekaru uku da haihuwa daga ƙasa kuma ya kasu kashi da yawa, kowannensu dole ne ya sami lafiyayyen lafiya tare da ganye uku.
An haramta yankewa da rike tushen ta kowace hanya.
Fasali na 'ya'yan itace
Nau'in iri-iri yana kawo girbi mai yawa, wanda sananne ne ba kawai don dandano da bayyanar sa ba, har ma don ƙimar shi mai yawa. Hakanan, wannan tsire-tsire yana da ƙarin fasali da yawa:
- Za'a iya ɗanɗana farkon strawberries na wannan nau'in a farkon Yuni, kuma idan kun kula da shrub ɗin da kyau, zai iya faranta muku da 'ya'yan itace masu daɗi na makonni 3-4;
- Don kula da ƙwanƙolin berry, kuna buƙatar kula da tsarin shayarwa daidai, wato, yayin 'ya'yan itace, ƙasa a ƙarƙashin daji yana da ƙanshi kawai bayan ya bushe kaɗan;
- Wani fasalin shine cewa tare da rashin hasken rana, tukwici na 'ya'yan itacen berry ba sa yin farin ciki kuma ya kasance fari.
Wannan nau'ikan za'a iya girma a waje da cikin gidan haya, amma yawancin lambu suna da'awar cewa shukar tana ba da fruita besta mafi kyau a ƙarƙashin murfin.
Cututtuka da kwari
Sashi mafi mahimmanci na shuka shine asalinsu, waɗanda suke da saurin ruɓewa ko naman gwari, waɗanda galibi ba za a iya kawar da su ba, kuma hanyar fita ita ce cire shrub ɗin gaba ɗaya.
Wadannan nau'ikan aiki suna aiki azaman matakan kariya:
- cire tsofaffin ganye akan lokaci;
- tonowa da kone shuke-shuke da abin ya shafa;
- matsar da shukoki zuwa sabon wuri duk bayan shekaru 3-4;
- sako-sako da ciyawa na yau da kullun;
- a lokacin faduwa, yayin shirye-shiryen shuka don hunturu, kasar da ke kewaye da ita ta zube tare da maganin ruwan Brodsky ko emulsion na jan karfe.
Partasa ɓangaren shuke-shuke da wuya yana fama da cututtuka iri-iri.
Elsanta strawberries wani nau'in mizani ne na wannan al'adun Berry. Faya-fayan da aka samu suna da fa'idodi da yawa, kuma kulawar tsirrai baya buƙatar ƙoƙari da yawa.