A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, batun raspberries a matsayin jan Berry ya canza. Masu kiwo sun haɓaka sababbin nau'ikan rawaya, lemu, tare da ɗanɗano mai daɗi. Daga cikin su ya kamata a lura da rasberi iri-iri "Orange Miracle".
Cibiyar Kula da Noma ta Rasha ta fitar da wani ra'ayi na tashar gwajin, wacce ke yankin Bryansk, karkashin jagorancin I.V. Kazakov.
Bayanin bushes da berries na remontant rasberi iri-iri Orange Miracle
"Mu'ujiza ta lemu" tana nufin bishiyoyi masu matsakaiciya, tsayinsu ya kai daga daya da rabi zuwa mita biyu. Rassan daji suna tsaye, amma a ƙarƙashin nauyin amfanin gona zasu iya tanƙwara da ƙarfi. Sabili da haka, ana bada shawara don nan da nan ƙarfafa trellises lokacin dasa shuki bushes.
Zasu kiyaye rassan a tsaye, su kirkiro yanayin hasken rana na 'ya'yan itacen, da kuma saurin yin nitsuwa. An rufe harbe da adadi mai yawa na ƙayayuwa waɗanda suka canza launi daga kore zuwa launin ruwan kasa. Sabbi biyar zuwa bakwai ana kirkiro su kowace shekara.
Girman gyaran iri-iri "Orange Miracle" yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa. A berries ne rawaya-orange a launi, conical a cikin siffar, dan kadan taso keya a kasa. 'Ya'yan itacen lemu na lemu suna girma zuwa santimita huɗu. Kuma nauyinsu yakai daga gram bakwai zuwa goma sha biyu. 'Ya'yan itace suna da tsari mai yawa wanda ke hana zubar da wuri.
Nau'in "Orange Miracle" ya shahara saboda ƙanshi mai daɗin ƙanshi da ƙanshi na 'ya'yan itace. A cikin yanayin rana mai zafi, 'ya'yan itace sun zama masu haske a cikin launi, sayan dandano mai daɗi. A lokacin rani mai sanyi, launi zai zama mafi rawaya fiye da lemu, kuma dandano zai zama mai daɗi da tsami. An girbe kilogram biyu da rabi na girbi daga daji ɗaya. An bambanta nau'ikan da gaskiyar cewa har zuwa 2/3 na harbi yana mamaye da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Saboda tsarinsu mai yawa, 'ya'yan itacen berry basa saurin zubewa. Ba su da tsoron jinkiri na kwanaki 5-7 a girbe cikakkun 'ya'yan itace, don haka har zuwa' ya'yan itacen ɗari na iya kasancewa a kan reshe ɗaya.
Lokacin girbi
Bishirar 'ya'yan itace zata fara ne a ƙarshen watan Yuli. Amma ƙwanƙolin girbi yana farawa a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na watan Agusta, yana ci gaba har zuwa lokacin sanyi. A lokaci guda, kafin yanayin sanyi, yawancin saitin 'ya'yan itacen sun nuna.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani
"Orange mu'ujiza" an dauki mafi kyau a tsakanin remontant iri na Rasha selection.Bari mu lura da kyawawan halayen wannan nau'in:
- girbi mai yawa na shekara-shekara;
- karancin cushewar 'ya'yan itace cikakke akan rassan;
- manyan 'ya'yan itace;
- zaki da dandano mai dadi tare da ƙanshi mai wadata;
- amfani don yin tanadin abubuwa, jams da compotes;
- abin hawa;
- juriya da cuta;
- saboda furewar marigayi, kwari ne da cutar za ta iya kamuwa da ita;
- rarraba yanayin yanayi.
Ofayan manyan fa'idodin nau'ikan "Orange Miracle" shine 'ya'yan itacen harbe-harbe na shekara guda.
Sabili da haka, a cikin hunturu, ana yanke harbe a asalin, wanda zai ba ku damar rage kaurin mahalli don raspberries don hunturu.
Daga cikin waɗannan fa'idodin, akwai rashin wadatar abubuwa da yawa. Masana ilimin gona sun koma gare su a matsayin ƙaramin ƙaramin harbi maimakon yanke rassan. Idan rassan ba a ɗaure suke ba, to, za su iya tanƙwara da ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin nauyin 'ya'yan itacen., iska mai ƙarfi ce ta lalace, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar Berry.
Nau'in "Mu'ujiza na Orange" ya bambanta tsakanin nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa yawan amfanin ƙasa, dandano mai dadi da kamshi. 'Ya'yan itacen daji na hypoallergenic, don haka ana iya ba su yara ƙanana da masu fama da rashin lafiyan. Sun fi ƙarfin abun ciki na folic acid zuwa wasu nau'ikan.
Sake haifuwa da kula da daji
Don dasa shuki bushes bushes, an zaɓi wuri. Yakamata ya zama rana da kariya daga iska mai iska. Wannan yana ba kasar damar dumi da sauri, wanda ke kara girman samarin. Bunƙun da suka ɓullo sun fara yin furanni suna ba da fruita fruita a baya, suna ba da babbar riba.
Girman gyara "Orange Miracle" ya bambanta da rashin daidaituwa zuwa nau'in ƙasa da yankin yanayi... Theasa mafi kyau don wannan nau'ikan naman alade zai kasance mai haske, ƙasa mara ƙarfi, alal misali, loam, wanda aka ba da shawarar a wadatar da takin da peat.
Matakan shiri
Wata daya kafin dasa shuki, ya zama dole a shirya kasar gona, ayi amfani da takin mai magani. Haɗin takin mai a cikin ƙasa yana tabbatar da haɓakar bishiyoyi a wuri guda har tsawon shekaru goma sha biyar.
Matattarar magabata na raspberries sune dankali, cucumbers, tumatir, da eggplants. Saboda haka, yana da kyau a jinkirta saukowa a kan irin wannan rukunin yanar gizon. Yi la'akari da jerin ayyukan shirya.
- Na farko, an ayyana wuraren sauka. Ta hanyar daji, ana dasa shuki tare da tazarar 0.4 m a tsawon kuma mita ɗaya da rabi tsakanin layuka. Don keɓance lanƙwasawa a ƙarƙashin nauyin amfanin gona, yawancin masana harkar noma sun ba da shawarar ɗaure harbe-harben zuwa rudani.
- A matakin farko (wata daya kafin a dasa shuki seedlings) shirya cakuda humus (kimanin kilo 10), superphosphate (15 g), potassium sulfate (45 g). Za a iya maye gurbin potassium da tokar itace (200 g). Mixedarshen abun da aka gama ya haɗu da saman saman duniya.
- A wuraren sauka tono ramuka rabin mita mai zurfi, cika su da humus da aka shirya da takin mai ma'adinai, karami.
Kafin suyi shuki, suna haƙa rami mai zurfin rabin mita kusa da ramuka. Ana zuba cakuda taki a ciki. Mita na mahara za su buƙaci gilashin superphosphate da potassium sulfate da lita ɗaya na tokar itace. An rufe mahararen da ƙasa, an yi masa tamped. Wannan yana ba da damar taki, tare da danshi, su kai ga sannu-sannu, ciyar da su. An shirya maƙarƙashiyar don shuka.
Selection of seedlings da lokacin dasa
Za'a iya dasa nau'ikan nau'ikan rasberi a kaka, bazara da farkon bazara. Don adana halaye iri-iri, ana amfani da sassan rhizome ko yankan.
Muna baku shawara da ku sayi shuke-shuken shuke-shuke a cikin yankin da suke can can sama inda zasu yi girma.
Don haifuwa na raspberi a rukunin yanar gizonku, zaku iya raba ɓangarorin tushen tare da rhizomes a cikin kaka ku dasa su a cikin ramuka da aka shirya. Bayan hunturu, zasu yi girma sosai. An ba da shawarar dasa shuki da yankewa a cikin bazara, rani, don ingantaccen tushen su.
Hanya don dasa shuki an rage yin wasu ayyuka masu sauki:
- an zuba ramuka da aka shirya da ruwa domin ya shanye gaba daya;
- an kafa tudu a tsakiyar, wanda a saman sa aka dasa shukokin, yana miƙe tushen zuwa tudun;
- an zuba ƙasa a ƙananan ƙananan tare da shafan ta hannu;
- abin wuya ya kamata ya fito sama da gefen duniya bayan yayi shuka;
- yin tsagi a kusa da daji, shayar da shuka;
- bayan shan ruwa, muna mulkar ƙasa a kusa, ta amfani da humus, bambaro, ciyawa, sawdust, peat don wannan;
- Layer na ciyawa ya zama aƙalla santimita biyar.
Dogayen tsirrai sun taqaita zuwa santimita talatin.
Abubuwan kulawa
A farkon bazara, wajibi ne a ciyar da bushes da takin mai ma'adinai. Don hanzarta ci gaban harbe da ƙarfafa tushen, ana haɗa takin mai magani nitrogen (15g / m2), potassium ko maye gurbinsa - toka na itace (gilashi da murabba'in mita). Za a iya maye gurbin takin mai amfani da nitrogen da takin takin kaji. An ba da shawarar yin amfani da suturar farko ta narke kan dusar ƙanƙara a cikin busasshiyar siga don ma'adinai tare da narkakkiyar ruwa su shiga cikin tushen.
A lokacin rani, ba mu ba da shawarar yin amfani da takin mai nitrogen ba, in ba haka ba bishiyoyin za su rikide zuwa ciyawa, adadin furanni da ƙwai za su ragu sosai.
Ofaya daga cikin rikice-rikicen da ke tattare da kulawar rasberi shine ƙaunar su ta hydration. Tushensa yana nan a wani zurfin zurfin, saboda haka lokacin shayarwa, ya isa ya shayar da ƙasa yadda ruwan zai shiga zurfin santimita talatin. Dole ne a gudanar da ruwa a lokacin bazara yayin saitin 'ya'yan itace da nunannun' ya'yan itatuwa da ruwan dumi. Bayan da kasar ta bushe, sai a hankali a hankali a sassauta. Aroundasar da ke kewaye da dazuzzuka tana da ciyawa, wanda ke riƙe da danshi yayin ciyar da ƙasa tare da humus.
Kafin shuke-shuken furanni, zaku iya yin takin tare da mullein tare da hadaddun takin mai magani a cikin rabo: rabin lita na mullein da 50 g na taki ana tsarma cikin lita 10 na ruwa. Wannan adadin ya isa dazuzzuka biyar.
A farkon bazara, ana cire harbe-harbe masu rauni daga cikin dazuzzuka, suna barin biyar zuwa shida na ƙarfi.
Abubuwan da aka gyara sune tsirrai tare da sake zagayowar ci gaban shekara guda. Amfanin su shine gajeren zagaye na ci gaba - a lokacin kakar harbe-harben suna girma kuma suna bada fruita fruita. A lokacin bazara, sun bushe, kuma an yanke su a asalin, suna barin kimanin santimita uku.
Yanke bushes an rufe shi da bambaro, foliage, humus. Wasu masu shuka suna rufe raspberries ba tare da yanke harbe don hana haɓakar matasa yayin ɗumi da ƙarshen damuna ba. Bugu da kari, manyan harbe suna taimakawa riƙe dusar ƙanƙara, wanda ke ƙaruwa danshi a bazara. Sannan ana yin kaciya a farkon bazara, kafin gudan ruwan itace ya fara.
Cututtuka da kwari
Kodayake tsuntsayen bishiyun suna da tsayayya ga cututtuka daban-daban kuma ba su da wata damuwa da kwari masu cutarwa, wasu cututtukan suna tattare da su.
- Chlorosis yana bayyana kansa a cikin rawayawar ganyayyaki a saman, to sai sandunan suka zama rawaya. A sakamakon haka, 'ya'yan itace sun bushe kafin su fara. A matakin farko, ana fesa raspberries da Kugoplex. Idan ba zai yiwu a jure wa cutar ba, to sai wata hanyar tsattsauran ra'ayi ta kasance - a yanka, a tumɓuke dazuzzuka a ƙone su. Don rigakafin cutar, ya zama dole ayi magani da Nitrofen kafin hutun burodi, kuma ana fesa ciyawar Methylmercaptophos kafin fure. Bayan wannan sinadaran, ana iya girbe raspberries ne kawai bayan wata daya da rabi.
- Ruwan toka rinjayar berries, yana rufe su da launin toka mai toka. Irin waɗannan 'ya'yan itace ana girbe su kuma sun lalace. Kafin rashin himma, ana kula da bushes tare da sulfur colloidal a cikin rabo na 100 g da guga na ruwa. Blooming leaves - Kurpozan ko jan ƙarfe oxychloride. Ana yayyafa ruwan 'ya'yan itace da Fundazol, Ronilan. An shawarci masu goyon bayan hanyoyin sarrafa kwayoyin su yayyafa kasar karkashin daji da toka ko carbon da aka kunna cikin hoda.
- Tsatsa yana haifar da jan kumburi akan ganyaye da tushe. Don magance wannan cuta, ana ba da shawarar yin feshi da kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na ruwa na Bordeaux bayan furanni da bayan girbi. Kafin flowering, ana bi da raspberries tare da Nitrafen.
- Orange mamaki da wuya yayi rashin lafiya tare da anthracnose - tabon toka, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar shuke-shuke. Idan aka lura da alamun cutar, to ana bada ruwa na Bordeaux, jan ƙarfe oxychloride don magani.
Daga cikin kwari, yawancin 'kwari' 'Orange Miracle' 'irin waɗannan kwari sukan shafa musu: aphid, rasberi irin ƙwaro, ya sa gall midge... Idan aphids da beetles sun ci ganye da furanni, to gall midge ya bayyana kamar yadda girma yake a kan harbe-harbe. Don halakar da su, ana samar da sinadarai daban-daban, daga cikin waɗanda suka shahara sune Karbofos, Confidor ko Aktara. Ana amfani dasu bisa ga umarnin.
A ƙarshe, za mu lura cewa nasarorin da masu kiwo na Rasha suka samu a cikin kiwo iri iri na raspberries sun sami yabo daga lambu. Daga cikin su, nau'ikan "Mu'ujiza na Orange" ana ɗauka ɗayan mafi kyawu, ana amfani da shi don abinci da shirye-shirye.
Bayani
Gagina Julia: Ina son wannan nau'in don dandanon sa mai daɗi. A wannan shekara mun sami girbi na farko. A kan busassun daji - manyan Berry. Yawancin 'ya'yan suna da girma da kyau. Muna fatan cewa yawan amfanin ƙasa zai haɗu da abubuwan da muke fata.
Mihail 66: "Mu'ujiza na lemu" na faranta min rai da yawan amfanin ƙasa, ɗanɗano da girman 'ya'yan itace. Jiya da matata mun tattara nomanmu na farko. Mun samu fiye da kilogram daga daji ɗaya. Babu rauni a bayyane, daji yayi kyau. Na kawai ɗaure harbe, sanya kayan tallafi.
Svetlana Vitalievna: Berry yana da dadi sosai. Fure na farko sun nuna, amma iska ta ɗauka, saboda haka 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa sun lalace a jikin rassan. Bayan ruwan sama, ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano a kan rassa ya yi laushi.
Amma komai ana biyansa ne ta hanyar dandano da girman 'ya'yan itacen, ƙanshin su. Suna yin kyawawan kayan kamshi da compote. Zan yi girma "Orange Miracle" a shafina.