Daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan tumatir, Azhur ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman, godiya ga keɓaɓɓun halayen fasaha. Kuma lafiyayyen kayan lambu da ke girma a cikin lambunsa zai zama abin da aka fi so don ƙirƙirar abinci mai gina jiki mai kyau da shirye-shiryen gida don hunturu, a cikin labarin za mu ba da bayanin ire-iren wannan tumatir.
Bayani da halaye na tumatir iri-iri Azhur
Azhur iri-iri na farkon iri ne. Lokacin ƙwarewar fasaha ya zo bayan 105-110 kwanaki bayan samuwar farko harbe.
Shuke-shuke yana da ƙaramin daidaitaccen daji, an cika shi da duwatsu tare da sassaƙa koren ganye. Ya kai tsayin 80-90 cm, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a girma shi ba tare da ƙarin tallafi ba. Rashin inflorescence mai sauki ne. Pedunƙirin yana bayyana.
'Ya'yan itacen tumatir suna da siffar madaidaiciya, a matakin balaga ta fasaha suna da launi ja mai zurfi. Kowane tumatir na wannan nau'in yana da nauyi 250-350 g... 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari tare da na fata mai laushi amma mai kauri da ɓangaren litattafan ɗanɗano mai zaƙi, wanda aka rarrabe ta da ƙarfi da natsuwa.
Haɗin sunadarai na ɓangaren ɓangaren tumatir sananne ne don kasancewar a cikinsu akwai babban adadin abubuwan gina jiki, bitamin, ma'adanai, sugars da kuma sinadaran acid.
Tarihin kiwo da yanki mai tasowa
Zharancin Azhur wanda ba shi da daɗi tare da ɗanɗano mai kyau shine sakamakon aikin masu kiwo a cikin Rasha. Wanda ya samo asali kuma mai mallakar lambar mallaka shine Sedek.
Dalilin ƙirƙirar matasan shine gina al'adu a cikin greenhouse a cikin yankuna masu yanayin sanyi... An yi rijistar nau'in a cikin 2007 azaman kayan lambu, bayan haka nan da nan ya sami karbuwa tsakanin masu lambu.
A cikin filin bude ya dace da girma a yankuna kamar: Astrakhan, Krasnodar Territory da yankunan tsakiyar Rasha. A cikin yankunan arewacin, namo yana yiwuwa ne kawai a cikin yanayin greenhouse.
Fa'idodi na nau'ikan da rashin amfani
Kyakkyawan halaye waɗanda ke da mahimmanci iri-iri sun haɗa da:
- yieldimar yawan amfanin ƙasa, daga 1 m2 na yanki zaka iya tattarawa 7-8 kilogiram, kuma daga daji ɗaya - daga 5 zuwa 8 kilogiram tumatir;
- dandano mara misaltuwa da halaye na waje, godiya ga manyan fruitsa fruitsan itace da sifa mai kayatarwa;
- girma cikin tumatir da kuma sassauƙan da suka nuna a lokacin kowane yanayi;
- babu halin fatattaka;
- kyakkyawar juriya ga cututtuka da hare-haren kwari, muddin dai ana bin duk dabarun aikin gona;
- kiyaye bayyanar da dandano 'ya'yan itãcen marmari lokacin da aka hawa su a kan nesa mai nisa;
- kiyaye inganci, wanda ke ba ka damar kiyaye cikakkun kayan lambu na kimanin watanni uku lokacin da aka sanya su a wuri mai sanyi;
- yawaita cikin aikace-aikace, tunda kayan lambu suna da kyau duka sabo ne kuma a cikin shirye-shiryen gida don hunturu.
Dangane da sake dubawa na gogaggen lambu, wannan nau'ikan ba shi da wata matsala a bayyane, ana iya lura da shi karuwar bukatar ban ruwa da takin zamani, wanda ya dan wahalar da kula da tumatir, da kuma dogaro da dandano kan samuwar abubuwan gina jiki a cikin kasa.
Hanyoyi masu tsada don girma
Dabarar noman Azhur iri-iri a cikin yanayin greenhouse, buɗe ƙasa aiki ne mai sauƙi wanda baya buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi mai wahala, kuma kulawa abace mai ban sha'awa da araha.
Dasa tsaba
Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ta samun wadatar girbi ita ce shuka tumatir.
Saboda haka, babbar fasahar aikin gona kafin dasa shuki ita ce maganin iri, wanda zai kara tsirowa da rage lokacin tsiro da tsiro.
Hanyoyin shiryawa don tsaba suna buƙatar lokaci mai yawa da hankali. Babban matakan sun hada da rarrabe tsaba, dumamar yanayi, sarrafawa a cikin wani maganin kwayar halitta tare da kayan kariya da kunnawa, jikewa, dasa shuki da tauri.
Asan ƙasa don shuka dole ne ya dace da ƙa'idodin amfanin gona, zama mai iska, ba mai tuya ba, yana da gishiri mafi kyau da ma'aunin acid, kuma baya ƙunsar sinadarai masu cutarwa ga al'adun.
Tsakiyar Maris a cikin kwanaki 55-60 kafin dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar fara shuka tsaba, wanda ya haɗa da waɗannan ayyukan:
- Kafin dasa shuki, zuba ƙasa a cikin kwantena kuma kuyi moisten.
- Wuri iri biyu ko ukusu bar ingantaccen iri daga baya. Idan anyi amfani da akwati, yakamata a zurfafa tsaba 1 cm, tare da ajiye mafi karancin nisa na 5 cm.
- Zuba, rufe tare da tsare ko gilashi kuma sanya a cikin ɗaki mai zafin jiki 23-25 digiri sama da sifili. Ya kamata a tuna cewa ƙwayoyin Azhur iri-iri suna son haske mai kyau, busasshiyar iska, ƙasa mai laima kuma ba za su iya tsayayya da zane ba, sabili da haka, ƙirƙirar kyakkyawan yanayi don bin abubuwan da aka fi so.
- Na farko harbe zai bayyana a cikin kwanaki 5-7. A wannan gaba, ya kamata a cire fim ɗin a shayar da shi yayin da ƙasa ta bushe.
- Bayan samuwar ganye 3-5, za a dasa shukokin nutse a cikin tukwane daban, yayin amfani da sabuwar ƙasa sanye take da takin mai magani. Karbawa ya hada da gina karin tushen taro ta hanyar halitta.
- Bayan watanni biyu, dasa shuke-shuke matasa a cikin wani greenhouse ko bude ƙasa.
Dasa shukar shuki a cikin buyayyar kasa
Lokacin dasa shuki tumatir a cikin greenhouse ko buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, kuna buƙatar mayar da hankali kan yanayin yanayi da hanyar haɓaka. Zai fi kyau idan zafin jiki na ƙasa ya tashi har zuwa digiri na 15-17̊.
Dasa ya kamata a yi da yamma. Wannan zai ba da damar shukokin su daidaita da sabon wurin.
Babban matakai na dasa shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa:
- Kafin dasa shuki, zaɓi zaɓi wuri tare da ƙasa mai numfashi da kuma ɗumi mai daɗi. Zai fi kyau a shuka wannan kayan lambu a wuri mai daukaka ko gado mai tsawo. Magabata masu kyau sune kabeji, cucumbers, zucchini. Tona abin da aka zaɓa, matakin kuma kula da hadadden takin mai magani ta amfani da takin zamani, toka na itace da superphosphate.
- Yi katako na saukowa, kiyaye nisa a ciki 40 cm, da tsakanin layuka - 50-60 cm don kyakkyawan kulawa da sauki girbi.
- Kowane rami ruwa da kyau kuma ƙara kwayoyin halitta.
- Shuka tsirrai a cikin ramuka kuma a hankali yayyafa da ƙasa mai ni'ima.
- Bayan an dasa, a sake shuka shuke-shuke ta amfani da ruwan dumi.
Kulawa
Domin shuka ta kasance cikin ƙoshin lafiya da ƙarfi, dole ne a tsara ƙarin kulawa mai kyau, wanda ya haɗa da:
- ban ruwa, wanda yawanta ya dogara da yanayin yankin da danshi a kasar;
- na yau da kullun weeding da loosening tsakanin gadaje;
- tsaunuka yayin samuwar asalinsu da ci gaban su;
- samuwar daji da cire lokaci na ganyen shuke-shuken da suka yi girma a kan axils, don kauce wa raguwar yawan amfanin ƙasa da rage girman 'ya'yan itatuwa;
- aiwatar da matakan kariya don kare amfanin gona daga cututtuka da kwari;
- daure da kuma kafa manyan bishiyoyi zuwa tallafi ta amfani da dogayen sassan nama mai taushi.
Fasali na 'ya'yan itace
Don samun noman tumatir mai inganci, ya kamata ku bi duk shawarwari masu mahimmanci don haɓaka waɗannan kyawawan kayan lambu:
- Tsaba kada ku dasa kusa da juna domin gujewa tafiyar hawainiya da cigaban su.
- Samar da tsirrai da hasken wuta mai inganci, musamman a lokacin hunturu, ta hanyar shirya hasken wucin gadi.
- Lokacin dasa shuki shukoki, kuna buƙatar haƙa tsiran su a zurfin yadda zai yiwu a cikin ƙasa, har zuwa saman ganye.
- Domin tumatir ya zama babba, kana buƙatar barin daji ba duk wasu maganganu bane, amma kusan guda uku masu kyau bunches.
- Daidaita haɓakar tsire-tsire ta hanyar fisge saman, kuma da farkon shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen gida don hunturu, yawancin 'ya'yan itacen za su yi girma kuma za su kasance a shirye don aiki.
- Don kiyaye tumatir mai kyau, tara shi a cikin yanayin bushewa da tsakar rana, cire 'ya'yan itacen. Ya kamata a gudanar da girbi na ƙarshe kafin yanayin zafi ya sauka zuwa digiri 5̊ sama da sifili da dare.
Anan akwai wasu nasihu masu mahimmanci don taimaka muku haɓaka yawan amfanin ku.
Cututtuka da rigakafin su
Yawan Azhur yana nuna babban juriya ga cututtukan da ke cikin tumatir.
Wannan lamari ba ya keɓe haɗarin kamuwa da cuta tare da ƙarshen cutar, mosaic taba, tabo mai ruwan kasa. Mafi yawan kwari masu hatsari don amfanin gona sune kaska, katantanwa, kwari, kwari.
Don hana bayyanar cututtuka da haɗuwar kwari, dole ne a kiyaye yanayi da yawa:
- lokacin saukowa amfani da tsaba masu ingancisaya a cikin shaguna na musamman, dogara da masana'antun masu aminci kawai;
- bi ka'idojin juyawar amfanin gona kuma kada ku dasa tumatir kusa da gadajen dankalin turawa;
- kowace shekara canza wurin sauka, kuma idan babu irin wannan damar, yana da mahimmanci don aiwatarwa da dawo da ƙasa;
- don dalilai masu kariya fesa dazuzzuka kayan aikin kariya masu dacewa;
- ware da cire shuke-shuke da cuta ko kwari suka shafa a lokaci.
Yawancin lambu da yawa sun ƙaunaci nau'ikan Azhur kuma sun mai da shi mazaunin gadon su na manyan largea fruitsan itacen ta, waɗanda ke rarrabe da dandano na musamman da ƙanshin su. Kuma za'a samarda girbi mai karimci koda a yanayi mara kyau.