Girma inabi ta yankan yankan yana ƙara samun farin jini. Za a tattauna girbi a cikin kaka da adana su har zuwa bazara a wannan labarin.
Me yasa girbin innabi yankan rago a damina don hunturu
Yadda ake yanke inabi a kaka? A cikin bazara ko kaka, ana shuka iri-iri na innabi da aka zaɓa a cikin filaye a gida. Don samun shuki, an riga an shirya cuts. An datse su daga ingantaccen itacen inabi wanda ya balaga a lokacin bazara. Kulawa da Bush ya haɗa da yankewa a lokacin bazara don samar da tsire-tsire da cire ƙarancin harbe, don haka hana haɓakar amfanin gona.
A cikin bazara, ba zai yi aiki ba don yanke chubuki daga inabi peeled a cikin kaka, a cikin hunturu lokaci ne na rashin himma, ci gaban harbe ba ya faruwa. Bugu da kari, adadi da yawa na idanu da inabi suna mutuwa yayin hunturu saboda sanyi. Saboda wannan dalili, ana saran cuts a ƙarshen kaka. Dole ne a yi haka kafin farkon sanyi.
Tsarin girbi shann yana haɗe tare da kaka na kaka na itacen inabi, da nufin kafa daji da cire rassan da ba dole ba. Kasancewar yankan ya sa ya yiwu a kiyaye nau'ikan da aka noma, tunda babu wanda zai yi aikin hango hasashen yanayi da kuma yanayin rayuwa na tsire-tsire mai son zafi a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.
Yadda za a shirya seedlings a cikin kaka
Domin yankan ya haƙura da yanayin ajiya da kyau kuma ya fara haɓaka da sauri bayan dasa shuki, ya zama dole ayi la'akari da ƙa'idodin girbi.
Yadda zaka zabi itacen inabi don yankan yankan
An zaɓi bushes mai ƙoshin lafiya don yankan shank. Itacen inabi daga inda aka shirya zaɓin harbi dole ne ya kasance mai launi iri ɗaya (bambaro mai duhu) ba tare da alamun cuta ko lalacewar kwari ba. A diamita ne 5-8 mm. Ba a ba da shawarar a harbe mara kyau da kauri ba; bai kamata a bai wa tsohuwa ba, amma ingantaccen reshe.
Zaka iya duba balaga da iodine. A cikin bayani na 1%, kuna buƙatar saukar da yanke kuma ku ga yadda launinsa ya canza. Misalan da ba a taɓa yin su ba za su ci gaba da zama koren haske, kuma zaɓin da ya dace zai mallaki launin shuɗi-baƙar fata. Don yankan, an zaɓi ɓangaren tsakiya na reshe, tun da ƙarshen ya yi ƙarami sosai kuma bai ci gaba ba. Ana yin Chubuki daga ido na huɗu, harbe-harbe masu ƙarfi da yalwa suna girma daga irin waɗannan guraben.
An shawarci gogaggun manoma da su zaɓi don yanke itacen inabin da ya ɓullo a gefen rana, rassan da ke toho a inuwa suna ta girma. Ba'a ba da shawarar yin amfani da mai da m harbe don cuts.
Ana aiwatar da pruning bayan da ganye ya faɗi cikin kimanin makonni 2-3 (ƙarshen Satumba - Oktoba).
Hanyoyi don yanke innabi cuttings
Kuna iya yankewa don adana dogon reshe mai idanu 6-8, daga abin da suke yin itacen buɗaɗɗen ƙwaya a lokacin bazara. Hakanan zaka iya shirya ɗayan zaɓuɓɓuka masu zuwa:
- taqaitaccen harbi don idanu 1-2 (ana amfani dashi sau da yawa don alurar riga kafi);
- matsakaiciyar sikeli don idanu 3-4 (wannan hanyar ita ce mafi mashahuri);
- dogon yanka da idanu 5 ko sama da haka.
Yi amfani da abin da aka yi wa cututtukan lambu don yankewa.
Disinfection na seedlings
Kafin aika sandunan ajiya don ajiya, kana buƙatar kashe ƙwayoyin cuta. Tarkace na iya ƙunsar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda zasu fara ninkawa sosai cikin yanayin danshi da zafi. Wannan zai lalata duk kayan shuka.
Ya kamata a aiwatar da aiki nan da nan bayan yankan harbi. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, ana ba da shawarar kunsa kayan aikin a cikin takarda ko busasshe, kyalle mai tsabta.
Don shirya maganin disinfectant, kuna buƙatar narke teaspoon na jan karfe sulfate a cikin gilashin ruwa. Fesa sandunan a yalwace tare da ruwan da aka zuba a cikin kwalbar fesawa kuma bari su bushe ta halitta. Disinfection zai kare kayan dasawa daga samuwar ebu da fumfuna lokacin adanawa.
Ana shirya don ajiya a cikin cellar ko firiji
Tsarin shirye-shiryen ya ƙunshi saturating shanks da danshi don kada su bushe yayin lokacin hunturu. Don yin wannan, yanke harbe ana nutsar da shi a cikin kwantena da ruwa kuma ana ajiye shi a ciki na awoyi 24. Bayan haka, ana dasa kayan shuka a cikin maganin sinadarin potassium na tsawon minti 30.
Maimakon potassium permanganate, zaka iya amfani da kashi 3% na jan ƙarfe na ƙarfe. Yankan yankan da aka yiwa ta wannan hanyar ana tsoma shi a cikin tawul ɗin takarda kuma an shimfiɗa shi akan takarda ya bushe.
Shirya mai kyau yana ƙaruwa da damar adana kayan shuka. Ajiye kayan aikin a cikin fim ɗin da aka nannade shi cikin wuri mai sanyi.
Yadda za'a kiyaye itacen innabi a hunturu har sai bazara
Ana adana yankan a ɗakunan ajiya ko na firiji a yanayin zafi da ya fara daga digiri 2 zuwa 6. Wasu masu aikin lambu suna amfani da hanyar adanawa wanda a ciki ake binne raƙuman da aka shirya. Yana da mahimmanci a zaɓi wurin da ya dace don a lokacin kaka ƙasa ta kasance bushe a can, kuma bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, ba ta juya zuwa dausayi ba. Zurfin zurfin zurfin dasa kayan aƙalla 25 cm.
Ana duba yankan da aka adana a cikin ginshiki ko firiji lokaci-lokaci (kamar sau ɗaya a wata). Idan aka gano ci gaban mold ko bushewar kayan aiki, ya zama tilas a ɗauki matakan gaggawa don ceton su. Idan babu wadataccen danshi, yakamata a nitsar da yankan a cikin ruwa na tsawon awanni 6 sannan a shanya shi kamar yadda ake shirya kayan. Kuma idan yanayin samuwar tsari, ana harbe harbe sosai ana kashe ta da maganin potassium permanganate ko jan karfe sulfate.
Akwai sanannen hanya don adana cuttings, wanda aka bayyana a cikin littafin akan nunan inabi. Don haifuwa, an zaɓi harbe-harbe na shekara tare da ƙwayoyin lafiya (nisan tsakanin su ya zama 20 cm ko fiye), diamita na reshe yana da 5-6 mm. Bayan kashe kwayoyin cuta da bushewa, sai a nannade yankan a yi ta amfani da polyethylene da kuma wani zanin da aka yi da stedust. Ana sanya juzuwar da aka ɗaure a cikin jaka kuma an adana ta cikin firiji (zafin jiki 2-6 ° C). Yayin lura na lokaci-lokaci, ya kamata ku kula da launi na harbi, ya kamata ya zama koren haske.
Germination na shanks a gida
Hanyar Radchevsky
Wannan hanyar ana nuna ta da sauƙin fasaha da samar da daji mai saurin girma tare da babban matakin rayuwa. Jigon hanyar shine kamar haka.
- A lokacin bazara, an girbe yankan 60-60 cm tsayi. Bayan aiki, ana lulluɓe su a cikin fim kuma a aika su ajiya a cikin mahara tare da yashi.
- A lokacin bazara, ana ɗaukan harbe da yanke 30-40 cm kowannensu, yayin cire ƙananan idanu ba komai bane.
- Ana yanka yankan na kimanin kwanaki 2 a cikin ruwa. An shigar da akwati tare da su a cikin wuri mai sanyi (tsarin zazzabi 15-18 °).
- Bayan moistening, da cuttings ake tsoma cikin lita kwalbacike da ruwa da cm 2-3. Har zuwa harbe 10 ana sanya su a cikin akwati ɗaya. Ana yin akwati tare da yankuna a kan windowsill daga gefen rana. Idan babu ƙarancin haske, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da haske na baya tare da fitilun fitila.
- Bayan kwanaki 10-12, an fara harbe samari daga shank, kuma saiwoyin sun bayyana a wani mako.
- Bayan asalinsu sun bayyana, ana dasa cutan a cikin buhu tare da cakuda kasar (kasa, yashi, humus). Kafin dasa shuki, kana buƙatar datsa, ka bar guda ɗaya, amma mafi ƙarfi ya tsiro (idan akwai ɗan gajeren internode, za a iya kiyaye tsiro biyu). Yin yayyafa tare da ƙasa an yi don 10-15 cm na yankan ya kasance a saman.
Bugu da ari, ana aiwatar da matsakaiciyar ruwa da sassauta ƙasa. A cikin farkon shekaru goma na Mayu, an dasa shukar a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa.
Yadda ake tsiro shannan ta amfani da hanyar Pusenko
Ana kiran wannan hanyar tufafi, tun da an shirya sassan yanka a kan kabad. Tsarin shirye-shiryen ya haɗa da jika dami mai yashi da kuma nade abin rike da shi (kowannensu an nade shi daban).
Placedasan ɓangaren kunshin an sanya shi a cikin fim, bayan haka kuma duk an ɗora blanket ɗin a kan kabad a cikin yanayin kwance. An kai saman shannan zuwa bango ko taga, wannan zai haifar musu da mafi kyawun yanayin. Heatarancin zafi zai haifar da haɓakar ɓangaren ɓangaren harbi. Hanyoyin fasali:
- lokaci moistening na nama;
- tsarin zafin jiki har zuwa 25 °.
Tushen ya bayyana bayan makonni 3-4. Bayan sun kai tsayin 1-2 mm, dasawa zuwa buɗaɗɗen ƙasa ko buƙatar akwati daban. Wannan hanyar ta dace da yankan da suke a kalla 0.7 cm kauri.
Hanyar daidai germination a zuriyar dabbobi
Wannan hanya mai sauƙi ce kuma mai dacewa ga shuka, wanda ba a damuwa yayin dasawa.
Mahimmancin hanyar ita ce nutsar da yankan a cikin akwatin da aka cika da dutsen katako tare da hydrogel / yashi ko sauran kayan maye.
Abubuwan da aka yi amfani dasu don cike kwandon suna buƙatar shiri:
- yashi ya tsabtace daga tarkace, an wanke shi kuma an cika shi da ruwan zãfi;
- Ana kuma ɗora bishiyar da tafasasshen ruwa ana matse shi.
Sanyin sanyi da aka sanyaya an haɗashi da yashi ko hydrogel kuma akwatin da aka shirya yana cike da abin da ya haifar. A tsakiyar, ana narkar da yankan a cikin filler kuma ana masa danshi lokaci-lokaci. Tushen ya bayyana bayan makonni 2, bayan haka kuma an dasa shukar zuwa wuri na dindindin.
Sauran hanyoyin rooting
A Rooting hanya ne kuma samuwa da kuma sauki. Layin ƙasa shine tasiri akan harbi lokaci guda na yanayi daban-daban guda biyu. Ana samun wannan ta hanyar nitsar da mafi yawan yankan a cikin ƙasa, yayyafa sauran da sawdust ko yashi, sannan a rufe shi da fim.
Tsarin tushen yana samuwa akan farfajiya, yayin da gutsutsuren da ke nutsewa baya ci gaba saboda sanyin zafin jiki. Da zaran eriya ta tushe ta bayyana a saman yankan, sai rooting ya afku kuma an dasa shukar cikin kasa.
Abin da kuma yaushe za a yi da itacen da ya toro
An dasa sandunan da suka tsiro a cikin bazara, lokacin da aka kafa ganyayyaki na gaske 2-3 a kan ƙwayoyin. A baya, ana shayar da akwati da inabi tare da ruwa kuma ana fitar da harbi. Kafin a binne shi, saiwar an nitsar da ita a cikin naman laka. Hakanan, ana amfani da ruwan zuma don sarrafawa, wanda aka shirya shi daga lita 1 na ruwa da cokali 1 na zuma. An kammala aikin dasa ta binne yankan da sanya peg a matsayin tallafi. An ba da shawarar yin ciyawar ƙasar da ke kusa da daji.
Dasa shuki a cikin bazara yana da halin rayuwa mai yawa na kayan (har zuwa 95%). Irin wannan shuka na iya ba da fruita fruita a shekara mai zuwa. Yanayin yanayi yana ƙayyade lokaci, yanayin zafi bai kamata ya faɗi ƙasa da 0 ° C.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na girbi da adana yankan, wanda zaka iya zaɓar wanda yafi dacewa. To ba kwa buƙatar damuwa da asarar iri-iri sakamakon daskarewa da itacen inabi. A lokacin dumi, dasa shuki zai sami karfi kuma ya zama mai karfi, wanda zai taimaka masa ya tsira daga mummunan hunturu a karkashin ingantaccen masauki. Kuma sannan za'a iya yada shi kuma yada shi.