Ilasa, kamar yadda kuka sani, ita ce ginshiƙin tushen dukkan abubuwa masu rai da haɓaka a duniyarmu, tushen rayuwa. Don kada ya bushe ƙarfinta, dole ne a maido da yalwar ƙasa koyaushe, kuma mahimman mahimman ma'aikata a wannan hanyar sune kwari. Duk wani abu mai hankali yana da sauƙin gaske - ƙimar ƙasar, wadatuwarsu da yawan amfanin gona da suke samu kai tsaye ya dogara da kayan ɓarnar ƙasa mai saurin tashi. Yadda ake kiwo a gida, yadda da abin da za a ciyar da wane irin kulawa za a bayyana a gaba.
Dalilan kiwo na tsutsar ciki a gida
Kiwo tsutsotsi a gida ba shi da wahala ko kaɗan. Kuma shari'ar na iya zama kasuwanci mai mahimmanci, kuma akwai aƙalla kyawawan dalilai guda biyu don wannan:
- creepers ninka sosai da sauri, samun biomass mai amfani kuma ingantaccen abinci ne na kiwon kaji (gonakin kaji, gonakin kaji da samar kwai);
- samfurin rayuwa mai rai shine biohumus - mafi inganci da takin gargajiya mara kyau ga gonaki da gonaki.
Bugu da kari, a fannin ilimin hada magunguna, wadannan kwayoyin halittar dabbobi suma ana amfani dasu wajen kera magunguna. Amfani da vermicompost akan filayen bayan gida na sirri da kuma cikin gidaje zai haɓaka ƙwai samar da kaji, noman ƙasa, ƙara yawan kayan lambu da fruitsa fruitsan itace ba tare da amfani da takin mai magani ba.
Iri-iri na annelids
Mafi sanannen wakilin bristle annelids shine kwandon kasa. Amma su, abin da ke faruwa a cikin yanayi kyauta, sune mafi ƙarancin dacewa don haifuwa a cikin yanayin wucin gadi. Wakilan wannan rukunin ƙananan suna hayayyafa a hankali, tare da wahalar daidaitawa da sababbin yanayi da abincin da ba a sani ba, suna rayuwa kaɗan. Su, watakila, sun dace da kiwo kawai don bukatun kansu na gonar bayan gida.
Don noman masana'antu da kuma samar da vermicompost, wani masanin kimiyyar Rasha, Farfesa AM Igonin ya yi kiwo na musamman "Prospector". Ta hanyar ketare nau'ikan jinsunan dake rayuwa nesa ba kusa ba, ya sami damar samun daidaikun mutane da sabbin halaye:
- tsawon rai - daga shekara 4 zuwa 16;
- ninka cikin sauri;
- a sauƙaƙe yana iya sauya canjin abinci (ana iya amfani da kowane irin abinci - daga ganyen da suka faɗi da ciyawa zuwa sharar abincin ɗan adam).
Masu binciken sun daidaita da wuri-wuri zuwa yanayin hayayyafa ta wucin gadi kuma suna ba da kyakkyawar haɓaka a cikin biomass da humus.
Wani nau'in da ya sadu da buƙatun samar da masana'antu shine ƙwarin California. Mutanen KKC suma suna hayayyafa cikin sauri, ƙara yawan amfani, aiwatar da ɓarnatar da rayuwar ɗan adam daban-daban a cikin vermicompost, zama kyakkyawan abincin furotin don gonakin noma da kifi.
Fasaha na kiwo a gida
Kayan aikin da ake buƙata da yankin kiwo
Idan ka yanke shawarar fara tsutsotsi, zaka fara aiwatar da aikin share fage - zabi da shirya wuri ko akwati. Kwantena na iya zama katako, filastik ko kwali na kwali (ya bayyana sarai cewa za a canza kwantenan kwali sau da yawa), tara.
Ana sanya su a cikin rumfa, gareji, duk wani wuri da aka keɓance na musamman inda zai yiwu a bi ka'idodin da ake buƙata - ƙarancin ruwan danshi shine aƙalla 70-80% kuma yawan zafin yana daga 12-15game daDaga har zuwa 22-24game daC. Hakanan zaka iya haifar da tsutsotsi a cikin tarin takin talakawa, rami.
Hanya ɗaya da ta dace ita ce a yi amfani da akwatuna masu rami biyu ko uku waɗanda aka ɗora a kan juna. Lowestananan yana da ramuka tare da kewaye a saman ɓangarorin. Ana nufin wannan akwatin don vermicom - ɓangaren ruwa na vermicompost. An sanya akwati mai bangon bango da kasa a samansa, matsuguni mai gina jiki na tsutsotsi ya kasance a ciki kuma an daidaita daidaikun mutane, a saman kwalaye ana bukatar a rufe shi da burlap ko wani mayafin "shakar iska", tun da masu rarrafe suna son wurare masu duhu da damshi.
Yin tsutsa
Kuna iya kiwo da mutane a kan titi, daidai a cikin lambun, keɓance wani wuri don wannan kuma ku kare shi da allon ko wasu kayan da ake da su.
Kimanin girman girman tsutsa: nisa 1-1.2m, tsawo 30-40cm, tsayin daka. Ana sanya takin a ƙasa a cikin babban lokacin farin ciki, an daidaita shi kuma an jiƙa shi da kyau. Sannan a rufe tarin takin da iska mai iya shiga cikin kwanaki 5-7.
Zai iya zama tsohon burlap, kwali, wani laushi na bambaro, wanda ke buƙatar shayar daga lokaci zuwa lokaci tare da ruwan sama ko ruwa mai kyau (aƙalla kwanaki 2-3).
Dole ne sinadarin Chlorine ya kwashe gaba daya, tunda dafi ne ga tsutsotsi iri-iri.
Bayan mako guda, kowane murabba'i. m, ana yin hutu inda aka sanya wadanda ke rarrafe, kuma an sake rufe tsutsar ciki da abu mai numfashi.
Takin shirya
Za'a iya amfani da cakuda rubabben taki, kashin kaji, peat, bambaro, ganye da kuma ganyayyaki na kayan lambu da ciyawa, farfasa kwai da kayan abinci a matsayin takin kwanciya a akwatuna ko rami.
Babu yadda za ayi amfani da taki sabo, ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na ammoniya kuma mutane na mutuwa. Rataccen taki mai shekaru 2-3 shima ba zai da wani amfani ba, tunda ya riga ya rasa abubuwan amfani.
Dukkanin kayan adabin da ya dace da kiwo ana tattara su a tsibi (ko a wani wuri na musamman), an rufe su kuma, lokaci-lokaci ana jika su, ana ajiye su tsawon watanni 1.5-2.
Gidan gonar vermi
Idan ka yanke shawarar mallakar karamar gonar tsutsar ka, to, da farko dai, kana buƙatar samar da wurin ajiye tsutsotsi, adana akwati, shirya takin zamani da samar da yanayi mai kyau don kiwo.
Sayen kayan masarufi yana da mahimmanci. Mafi yawan jinsunan da suka dace, kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, su ne tsutsotsi masu ja na California ko masu neman fata. Iyali daya mutane 1500 ne. Domin ya cika murabba'in mita 1. m na takin zamani, ana bukatar iyalai 1-3 na kayan abinci.
Motsawa zuwa sabon wuri dole ne a yi shi da kulawa sosai. Na farko, an gabatar da wasu individualsan mutane cikin soilan ƙasa kaɗan da aka shirya a cikin tasa daban, ƙasa ta daidaita kuma an rufe jita-jita. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, ƙara ɗan abinci. Idan duk tsutsotsi suna aiki, na tafi-da-gidanka, tare da halayyar jan launi, za a iya mallakar dabbobin duka. Idan aka sami mutane da suka mutu, to ya zama dole a gyara asid na ƙasan (yanayin da yafi dacewa shine mai nuna alamar acid na 6.5-7.5 PH).
Yadda ake ciyar da tsutsar ciki
Worungiyoyin da ke cikin ƙasa masu cin ganyayyaki na gaske masu cin ganyayyaki ne kuma ba za su iya jure wa abincin furotin ba: nama, kifi, ƙwai. Lokacin sayen kayan masarufi, ya zama dole a gano abin da mai siyarwar ya ciyar da maƙwabtansa, tun da abin da aka fi sani shine abincin da suka gwada "tun daga haihuwa". Koyaya, suna saurin saba da sababbin abinci, musamman Prospectors. Yana ɗaukar ɗan lokaci kafin ku saba da wani nau'in abinci, sabili da haka, yakamata a shigar da sabbin abubuwa cikin tushen abincin a hankali, tare da barin tsutsotsi su daidaita.
A matsayin saman kayan miya, ragowar tsire-tsire, bawon dankalin turawa, ganyen kabeji, sharar abinci iri daban-daban daga kicin asalin shuka, shayi da filayen kofi, bambaro, ciyawa, busasshiyar burodi sun dace. Duk abin da kuka ƙara wa takin takin ya kamata a yankakke shi don sauƙin aiki da sauri ta hanyar masu rarrafe. In ba haka ba, aikin acidification, ferment ko rotting na kayan na iya farawa.
Kuna buƙatar ciyar da shi kowane mako 2-3. Zuba saman kayan ado a saman fuskar akwatunan ko tara, a dai-dai, mai kauri 7-10 cm, har sai kaurin humus din da aka sarrafa ya kai 50-60 cm kuma substrate din yana dauke da tsarin sarrafa biomass iri-iri. Matsakaicin lokacin sake zagayowar shine watanni 3-4 daga lokacin sulhunta dabbobin.
Kulawa da haifuwa
Babban kulawa a cikin gonar tsutsa ko a cikin gidajen tsutsotsi shine kiyaye tsarin mulki na yanayin zafin jiki, ciyarwa akan lokaci, da kula da yanayin laima lokacin da ake ban ruwa da ruwan dumi ko ruwan da aka daidaita.
A cikin yanayi mai kyau, tsutsotsi sun fara ninka. A cikin takin, sun sa koko - kananan kwallaye masu launin rawaya-yashi. Kowane cocoons ya ƙunshi ƙwai da yawa, waɗanda ƙananan tsutsotsi ke bayyana bayan makonni 2-3 daga baya, kuma bayan makonni 7-8 suna shirye don samar da zuriya da kansu. Shugabannin da ba su da kwarjini a tsarin haihuwa sune Prospectors - mutum ɗaya ne ke samar da ɗari na mutane 1500 a shekara.
Kasuwancin tallace-tallace mai yiwuwa
Da gaske tsutsotsi na iya zama kasuwanci mai fa'ida idan kun damu da kasuwar kayayyakin sarrafawa da haɓaka dabbobi a gaba.
- Vermicompost taki ne mai tsabtace muhalli, yana da tasiri ƙwarai game da haɓaka yawan amfanin gona, shuke shuke, furanni, da dai sauransu. Sabili da haka, masu amfani da biohumus na iya zama gonaki, greenhouses, fure greenhouses, da kuma entreprenean kasuwa masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke tsunduma cikin kiwo.
- Rayuwa ta rayuwa shine abincin furotin mai gina jiki mai mahimmanci don kiwon kaji da gonakin kaji.
- Live abinci a cikin sifar tsutsotsi yana aiki ne mai mahimmanci ga kayan abinci mai gina jiki don gonakin kifi.
- Tsutsotsi suna cikin tsananin buƙata azaman abincin dabbobi don shagunan dabbobi.
Amfanin samarwa
Dangane da ƙididdigar manoman tsuntsayen ƙasa, ribar da ake samu daga gonar tsutsa tana cikin kashi 150%. Proaya mai gabatar da shiri a kowace shekara yana ba da zuriyar mutane 1500 da kusan kilo 100 na taki mafi mahimmanci - biohumus. Daga tan 1 na takin da aka girbe, zaka iya samun nauyin kilogiram 600 na takin zamani mai inganci da kilogiram 10-15 na sabbin mutane.
Gonaki don shuka tsutsotsi da kuma samar da vermicompost ba kawai riba da riba ba ce, amma har ma da haɓaka mahalli tare da abubuwa masu amfani, yiwuwar samun samfuran abinci mai mahalli.