Yawancin mutane da ke zaune a yankunan karkara suna tsunduma cikin kiwo. Galibi don samarwa da iyalinsu naman sabo, mai daɗi. Bugu da kari, naman zomo na abinci ne kuma ana nuna shi don amfani da cututtuka da yawa, da kuma na abincin yara. Kiwo da zomo a matsayin kasuwanci bai yadu sosai ba.
Amma wannan shine kawai kasuwancin da za'a iya farawa tare da ƙarancin farashi. Hayayyafar dabbobi, tsadar nama da ƙaramar gasa sune mahimman abubuwan haɗin daidaito, babban kuɗin shiga daga wannan aikin. Tare da kyakkyawar hanya da tsari, wannan kasuwancin na iya zama ainihin abin da zai kawo muku kwanciyar hankali da babban kuɗin shiga.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu kalli noman zomo a matsayin kasuwanci, inda za a fara da yadda ake cin nasara.
Noman zomo a matsayin kasuwanci mai fa'ida: fa'ida da rashin amfani
Duk wani aikin kasuwanci yana da fa'idarsa ko mara kyau. Noman zomo ba banda. Fa'idodin ƙaramar gona sun haɗa da:
- Costsananan kuɗin kuɗi don fara kasuwanci.
- Babban haihuwa, wanda baya buƙatar sayan samari dabbobi.
- Mafi karancin takardu don kungiyar.
- Maintenanceananan farashin kulawa.
- Tsadar nama.
- Wide dama dama.
- Competitionananan gasar.
- Karin kudin shiga daga sayar da fatu da taki.
Rashin amfani:
- Rashin dacewar kiwo a zomo shine mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka kuma, a lokaci guda, yawan mace-mace.
- Tsananin tsaftar tsafta don kulawa da kiwo.
- Rijistar takaddun da suka dace.
Tsarin kungiya da shari'a
Menene mafi kyau don shirya - gonar talla, ta mutum ko gona?
Kowane irin aiki dole ne a tsara shi kuma dole ne a biya haraji. A sarari yake cewa idan akwai zomaye 20-30 akan gonar, to wannan ba'a buƙata don cin mutum da rijista. Zaɓin fom ɗin ya dogara da yawan dabbobi da yawan ma'aikata a gonar. Bari mu bincika siffofin rajista sosai:
- LPH (gonar gona ta sirri).
- SP (kasuwanci na mutum).
- KFH (gidan gona).
LPH
Mafi dacewa ga sabon ɗan kasuwa. Farawa tare da tattalin arziƙin ƙasa akan ƙasarku, kuna da dama da yawa don ci gaba. PLokacin gudanar da wannan nau'ikan samarwa, ba a biyan haraji, amma don gudanar da ayyukan tattalin arziki, dole ne ku samar da takardar shaidar samuwar fili. Sayar da nama ta cikin kasuwanni da kuma abokanka.
Menene rajistar IP take bayarwa?
Tare da wannan fom din, zai zama zai yiwu ka bude kantin sayar da kai don sayar da nama. Kuma kuma samar da su zuwa wasu kantunan talla. Dole ne dan kasuwa ya biya haraji. A kan wannan batun, ya kamata ku tuntubi ofishin harajin gida na ku don bayani, saboda dokokin wannan batun koyaushe suna canzawa.
Ciki har da za ku buƙaci:
- Takardar shaidar gona.
- Sami sanarwar GOST-R.
- Bayar da takardar shaidar lafiyar jiki.
Idan babu ilimin lissafi, to kuna buƙatar hayar kwararre don adana bayanan. Sabili da haka, ya fi kyau ƙirƙirar kasuwanci tare da manyan kundin samarwa.
Gidan gona
Yana aiwatar da kowane irin aikin gona. Yayi kamanceceniya da kasuwanci, banda wasu maki:
- na iya samun manajojin gona da yawa tare da daidaito daidai;
- ba a buƙatar doka da takaddar doka.
A ka'ida, ana aiwatar da wannan nau'ikan don samun tallafi da fa'idodi da yawa daga jihar, wanda, zan iya faɗi, yana da wuyar samu.
Kasance a shirye don magance matsaloli da kanka.
Saboda haka ƙarshe, idan ba ku da kayan aiki akan sikelin masana'antu, to da farko ya fi kyau ku zauna kan ƙirar makircin gidaje masu zaman kansu.
Nau'in haraji
Akwai nau'ikan haraji iri biyu don bangaren aikin gona. Wannan shine Saukakakken ra'ayi inda aka rage kudaden shiga da kuma Noma na gama gari. Wanne ya fi dacewa a gare ku, kuna iya neman shawara daga mutumin da ke yin lissafin kuɗi. Domin ya dogara da nau'ikan aiki, kan yawan ma'aikata da kuma ƙimar samarwa.
Lokacin yin rijista, za a ba ku lambar OKVED tare da lamba - А.01.25.2. Wannan yana nufin: zomayen kiwo da dabbobin Jawo a cikin yanayin gona. Wannan lambar ba ta haɗa da nama da fatun dabbobi da aka samo ta farauta ko tarko.
Yadda za a fara kiwo dabbobi daga karce?
Kowane kasuwanci yana farawa da ka'idar koyo. Koyi duk abin da ya danganci zomayen kiwo: kiwo, yanayin gidaje, ciyarwa, cututtuka da ƙari. Nemi shawara daga gogaggun masu kiwo. Yi nazarin umarnin don kwayoyi, kamar Solicox.
Ka yi tunanin waɗanne kejin da dabbobi za a ajiye su a ciki. Wane irin ciyawa zasu samu. A wane yanki ƙasar za a kafa hadaddun. Hakanan karanta game da kowane nau'in zomaye kuma kuyi tunanin wanne ne zai fi muku sauƙi kuyi aiki dashi. Yi nazarin kasuwar tallace-tallace.
Bar ma'aurata don saki daga iyayen da ke da mafi kyawun alamomi.
Mafi kyawun nau'in kiwo
Zai fi kyau a zaɓi nau'ikan kiwo don kiwo waɗanda za su iya tsayayya da yanayinmu na Rasha kuma ba ma buƙata musamman kan kiyaye yanayi. A wannan yanayin, shiga cikin kiwo zomo zai zama da amfani.
An raba nau'in zomo don kiwo zuwa:
- nama;
- nama da fata;
- ƙasa.
Hakanan akwai zomayen ado, amma ana ajiye su azaman dabbobin gida.
- Nama irin.
Saurin zomaye. Suna samun matsakaicin nauyi na watanni shida. Tare da isasshen kulawa ta watanni 4, gawar na iya zama daga 2 zuwa 3 kilogiram.
- Naman yana da fata.
Zomayen da zaka iya samun duka fata da nama.
- Downy.
Zomaye masu kyakkyawan laushi, wanda mutane da yawa suke amfani da shi don yin tufafi.
Flanders
Suna cikin nau'in nama. Wadannan zomayen sune mafi girma. Tsawon jiki ya kai cm 70. Nauyin babban mutum ya kai kilo 10. An yi amfani da Flanders don kiwo wasu manyan nau'in nama.
Zomaye suna da manya, kunnuwa masu fadi. Arfi, jiki mai tsoka. M, nama mai laushi. Launin fur din yayi kama da na kangaroo ko beaver. Flanders suna shahara tare da masu kiwo saboda daidaitaccen yanayin su.
Amma wannan nau'in yana da nasa matsalolin. Suna buƙatar kejin da ya fi girma, amma an fi kiyaye su a cikin shinge. Suna cin abinci da yawa. Zomaye sun makara. Suna yawan samun matsala wajen haihuwa. Amma idan kun ƙirƙira musu kyawawan halaye, to yana yiwuwa a hayayyafa don samun kuɗi.
Kula da asusunka. Rikodin nauyi, launin fata, da zomayen da suka tsira. Jarirai nawa kowanne zomo ya kawo
New Zealand
Na nama ne. Matsakaicin nauyin waɗannan dabbobin ya kai kilo 5. Tsarkakakken fari. Karamin jiki tare da ingantaccen tsokoki. Headananan kai tare da tsayayyen kunnuwa. Ci gaba da kashin baya. Gawa tana da tsayi ba tare da mai mai yawa ba.
Zomayen wannan nau'in suna da 'ya'ya kuma suna samar da madara. Hanyoyi ne na ciyar da jarirai 12. Zomaye suna girma cikin sauri kuma suna iya auna nauyin kilogiram 3 a watanni 3. Tunda akwai ulu mai yawa a tafin ƙafafun, yana yiwuwa a ajiye shi a kan raga. Kwantar da hankalin sa.
Ram
Na nama ne. Wannan nau'in ya samo sunan daga kunnuwa masu kunnuwan kunnuwa. Babban irin. Tsawon jiki har zuwa cm 70. Nauyin kilogiram 7-8. Fata Karammiski a cikin tabarau daban-daban. Downed, karfi jiki. Kyakkyawan ɗanɗanar nama. Zomaye sun makara. Ku kawo zomaye 9. Kwantar da hankali. Yana buƙatar kulawa da kunne na yau da kullun.
Nama ya hada da:
- - farin kato;
- - katuwar launin toka;
- - Californian.
Fari
Wani mashahurin wakilin mai rarrafe. Launuka daban-daban: fari, baki da shuɗi. Matsakaicin nauyi shine kilo 4. Tsawon jiki cm 55. An kawo zomaye 7. Fluff ɗin yana tsefe daga 700 gr zuwa 1000 gr.
Angora
Nauyin jiki 3 kilogiram. Bunny yana kawo bunnies 6. Suna girma a hankali. Mafi yawa ana ajiye su a gida. Nemi iyakar kulawa ga fata. Gaisuwa, halin wasa.
Black-launin ruwan kasa
Su na nama ne da na fata. Suna da kyakkyawar fata da daɗi, nama mai taushi. Hardy zomaye. Bunny yana kawo bunnies 8, waɗanda ke haɓaka sosai.
Guji ma'amala mai kusanci. Zuriya a cikin irin waɗannan halaye suna raguwa, ana haife su da lahani da rauni.
Butterfly
Suna da launi mai ban sha'awa. A kan farin baya, specks kamar fuka-fukan butterflies. Guraben tabarau daban-daban: shuɗi, rawaya, baƙi da launin toka. Zomaye masu yawan gaske. Cikakke don kiyayewa a cikin yanayin Rasha. Kyakkyawar fata da nama mai daɗi.
Soviet
Da farko dai, suna da kyakkyawar fata mai launin shuɗi. Girma cikin sauri. Ku kawo zomaye 8. Adadin manya daga 5-8 kg.
Shirya wurin da ake tsare da shi
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na adana cikin zomo:
- Farar
- Salon salula.
- Shedovy.
- Dangane da tsarin Mikhailov.
Kuma yanzu game da kowace hanya cikin cikakken daki-daki.
Hanyar rami na kiyayewa ita ce tsoho. Wannan hanyar ta fi kusa da yanayin yanayi, wanda ke da fa'ida da mara kyau. Fa'idodin wannan hanyar sune:
- shirya rami daga kayan da ake dasu;
- lokacin da kuka fara iyalai da yawa a ciki, zamu sami babban, lafiyayyun zuriya;
- balaga da wuri;
- tsafta tsaftace rami;
- samun lafiyayyun dabbobi saboda yanayin rayuwarsu;
- babu matsaloli game da lafiyar dabbobi;
- ceton sarari, a cikin rami 2 * 2 yana yiwuwa a kiyaye har zuwa mutane 200.
Ga dukkan fa'idodinsa, abun cikin ramin yana da nasa rashin amfani:
- kamuwa da cuta ya yadu zuwa dukkan dabbobi;
- tsabtace rami aiki ne mai rikitarwa;
- ya fi kyau kada a kiwo manyan zuriya a cikin rami tare da fur mai mahimmanci;
- dangantaka mai alaƙa da juna, dabbobi suna ƙanƙan da lokaci;
- kama dabba yana da wahala.
Koyaya, tare da madaidaiciyar hanyar zuwa ramin rami, ana iya amfani da wannan hanyar don kiwon dabbobi.
Yin jima’i tun yana ƙarami yana da illa ga lafiyar dabbobi.
Daidaitaccen rami:
Mun zabi wuri mai bushe ba tare da aukuwar ruwan karkashin kasa ba. Wani rami na 2 * 2 m ya dace da dabbobi 200. Muna haƙa aƙalla zurfin mita 1.5. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa dabbobin suna tona ramuka masu kwance kuma suna iya haƙa wata hanya zuwa saman. Don hana wannan daga faruwa, ƙarfafa ganuwar tare da raga, tubali ko slate. Bango daya ya kasance a buɗe. Za a sami gurbi a ciki. Don fara minks daga ƙasa, yi baƙin ciki 20 cm.
Zuba yashi mai tsayin cm 20 a ƙasan, kuma a ba da raga ko slattaccen bene a saman. A rufe shi da ciyawa ko zafin goge sannan a share sau ɗaya a mako.
Yana da kyawawa don yin rufin kan ramin. Don hana zafin rana, kar a rufe shi da zanen karfe. Tabbatar yin bututu don zagawar iska.
Shirya fitilun wucin gadi a lokacin hunturu. Ba masu shaye-shaye da masu ba da abinci abinci ta yadda dabbobi za su sami isasshen wuri ga kowa. A ƙarshe, kewaye yankin da shinge.
Hanyar keji ita ce mafi mashahuri tsakanin masu kiwon zomo. Bango da bangon baya an yi su da katako. An rufe rufi, bene da ƙofofi da raga. A cikin yanayin sanyi, ana sanya keɓaɓɓu. A lokacin sanyi, ana jujjuya su zuwa shararru ko kowane daki mai rufi.
Zai yiwu a girka a layuka da yawa a saman juna. Akwai bangare daya kuma akwai bangare biyu. Ana amfani da sashe biyu don zomaye, inda wani sashi ke yin gida, na biyu shine ciyawa.
Matsakaici masu girma dabam na guda-sashe keji:
- tsawon - 110 cm;
- nisa - 60 cm;
- tsawo - 60 cm.
Sashi biyu:
- tsawon - 150 cm;
- nisa - 60 cm;
- tsawo - 60 cm.
Matasa don kitse ana ajiye su a cikin keɓaɓɓu har tsawon mita 3. Ba a ba da shawarar dasa shuki mai yawa. Animalsananan dabbobi a cikin keji, mafi girman riba.
Abun ciki a sheds Shin ingantaccen abun cikin salula ne An shirya kejin a jere kuma an tanadar musu da na'urori da zasu sauƙaƙa kula da dabbobi. An shirya zubukan a matakai ɗaya, biyu ko uku a ɓangarorin biyu na kan hanya.
Ba kayan kwalliya don tsabtace kejin cikin sauri. An kawo taki tare da hanya akan abubuwan hawa ko cirewa ta inji. Ana shirya masu shaye-shayen atomatik. A hankali masu ciyarwa.
Don haka, daga dabbobi da yawa zuwa dubbai da yawa ana kiyaye su. A mafi yawan lokuta, manoma da manyan gonaki suna amfani da abubuwan da ke ciki. Ya danganta da yanayin, ana shirya zub da shara a ƙarƙashin rudu ko a cikin ɗakunan da aka rufe tare da samun iska.
Dangane da tsarin Mikhailov. Masanin ilimin Mikhailov ne ya kirkiro tsarin. Wannan hanyar tana baka damar tayar da zomaye a cikin kananan - gonaki na musamman. An yi nufin ne don renon zomaye a sikelin masana'antu. Zai yuwu a ajiye manyan dabbobi a cikinsu. A lokaci guda, mutane uku zuwa huɗu suna yi musu hidima.
Dangane da wannan hanyar, ana ajiye dabbobi a waje a gonakin zomo. Duk abin da kuke buƙata yana nan a cikin ƙaramar gona. Yana da dumi a cikin yanayin sanyi, sanyi cikin zafi. Ana ba dabbobin ruwa da abinci ba dare ba rana.
Zomaye ba sa son sake damuwa, kuma ɓullo da ƙaramar gona don zomayen Mikhailov ya ba su damar ciyarwa da shayar da su ba tare da damuwa ba.
Dabbobi suna yin nauyi da sauri kuma suna da cikakkiyar lafiya. Ana kuma kiran su masu saurin Mikhailov. Kada ku dame - hanzarta ba nau'in ba ne, amma zomo ne wanda aka haɓaka ta hanya ta musamman. Tsarin tsada, saboda farashin sel yana da yawa, amma idan kayi su da kanku, an rage farashin. Amfani da tsarin yana ba ku damar ninka saurin sau uku. Gaba, bari mu ga yadda ake kejin zomaye da zane-zanen hannayenmu bisa ga Mikhailov.
Yadda ake keji bisa ga hanyar Mikhailov da hannuwanku bisa ga zane mai girma?
Gidan gonar ya kunshi bangarori da dama. Ya hada da:
- - gida gida;
- - ga dabbobi dabbobi;
- - kaho;
- - dumama don gida;
- - masu ciyarwa;
- - mashaya.
An gina tantanin halitta a cikin tiers da yawa:
Mataki na farko shi ne tsayawa. Ya tsaya akan ginshikai hudu. Ana yin faɗakarwa da katako mai ƙarfi. Ana yin goyan bayan matakan bene daga katako.
An daidaita matattarar tsayawa don tallafawa tsarin. Yana da bangarori na kayan lantarki da ajiyar kayan aiki. Hakanan yana da tsani da kuma ganga ganga. Zai fi kyau a tattara shi daga kayan da ba sa tsatsa. Da ke ƙasa akwai zane na keji na zomaye tare da girma bisa ga hanyar Mikhailov.
Matsayi na tsakiya yana kan tsayawar. An tsara shi don yawo da dabbobi da kuma sashen haihuwa. Tare da taimakon sigogi, matakin ya hau kan tallafi. Girman ragunan suna cm 2 * 10. A gefen gabas, an rufe ramin da raga. Grid din yana dauke da taga 250 * 250 mm. Wannan matakin yana ƙunshe da tarko don sarrafawa da jujjuyawa, da mafaka.
An raba gonar zuwa sassa da yawa. Waɗanda ke cikin bunker da abin sha suna cikin ɓangaren tafiya. An tsaga tsinken 20 * 30 daga ƙasa. Yana kaiwa ga ma'adinan da aka kafa. Zare 100 mm zuwa dama Wannan shine yadda ake haɗa shi tare da ƙananan rami a hawa na farko. Jirgin ya karkata a 45 °. Kariya daga beraye an yi ta da ƙarfe.
A ƙasan akwai slats na cm 2 * 45. Poop yana faɗuwa cikin rata kuma kejin koyaushe yana da tsabta.
Zane ya haɗa da bututu don samun iska. Wannan yana hana iskan gas tarawa a ciki.
A cikin gidan sheƙar gida, an yi ƙofar da take komawa baya. Lokacin da aka buɗe, yana ƙirƙirar tebur don aiki tare da jarirai. Wannan sashin yana da bene mai ƙarfi. Yana da ɗan ƙasa kaɗan a cikin matakin. Bangaran waje suna da rufi. An rufe ramin mutum ta hanyar gani daga gefen kudu.
Tunda an sanya ruwan giya uwa mai cirewa, akwai rata a gefen. Don hana dabbobi shiga wannan rami, an rufe su da allon. Zai fi kyau ayi kwalliyar karfe wacce zata toshe gida. Kofar katako ce.
A saman bene akwai girma zomaye. An keɓaɓɓen sashi don namiji. Ta tsaye don firam.
Tankin ruwa yana tsakanin tsakanin bangarorin akan bangon gaba. Danshi yana shiga ta atomatik daga wasu kwantena, waɗanda suke a waje akan bangon sashin tafiya.Don kiyaye ruwan dumi a lokacin sanyi, ana amfani da shi a tukunyar jirgi.
Gefen hopper yana kusa da mashayin. An kara mai amfani da shi. Lokacin da zomayen suka fitar da ciyawar, sai a zuba crumbs a ciki. Za'a iya sake amfani da marmashin A saman mashin din yana nadawa. Lokacin da kake buƙatar saka abinci na gaba, zai buɗe.
Don ciyawa da tushen amfanin gona, ana ciyar da masu ciyarwa tsakanin benaye. Murfin mai nauyi yana tura abincin ƙasa.
Tsarin hadadden tsari, amma tunda ka gina shi da hannunka, sauran zasu kasance da sauki ayi. Bayan kun gwada shi a wurin aiki, canza sauran dabbobin zuwa irin waɗannan keji. Lallai, a cikin irin waɗannan keɓaɓɓun aiki da dabbobi, kuma su, bi da bi, suna jin daɗi.
Bari muyi magana game da tsara gonar zomo.
Farungiyar Farm
Babu buƙatar izini na musamman don gininta. Babban abu shine samuwar filin ƙasa da shirye shiryen kasuwanci tare da lissafi. Yana da mahimmanci cewa wannan rukunin yanar gizon yana da ɗan tazara daga gine-ginen zama, tambayi ƙananan hukumomi game da wannan. Bugu da ƙari, wannan ya shafi gonaki, ba gidan shugabannin 10-20 ba.
Zaba wuri don gona a kan tsauni ko tare da gangare Bayan share yankin gaba daya, ana buƙatar yin kwalta ko haɗa shi. Hakanan sanya tsarin magudanan ruwa.
Af, yana da kyau a tuna cewa zomaye na iya yin rashin lafiya. Kuma kana bukatar sanin dalilan kumburin ciki a zomaye, alamomin myxomatosis da coccidiosis.
Don karɓar kusan gawar 1000 na nama a kowace shekara, yankin gonar zai zama kusan murabba'in mita 1000. Abin da za a sanya a shafin:
- Zuba - guda 3 (360 sq.m.).
- Dole ne shagon ya zama ya kasance mai shiga mota (200 sq.m.)
- Sheds inda aka adana kayan aiki da kayan gini (50 sq.m.).
- Gidan mayanka da firiji (50 sq.m.).
- Takin taki (30 sq.m.)
- Wuraren wucewar kananan taraktoci.
Sheds
Amfani da tabarau yana adana lokaci akan kiyayewa da kayan gini. Muna shigar da tiers biyu na sel. Yi windows 20 * 100 cm a bangon baya.
- tsawon 20 m;
- tsawo 2 m 40 cm;
- nisa nisa 1 m 40 cm.
Kwayoyin
Kwayoyin suna daidai da girman da aka bayar a ƙasa, sa'annan an raba su ga maza, mata da ƙananan yara.
- tsawon 1m 30 cm;
- nisa 70 cm;
- gaban bango gaba 55 cm;
- baya tsawo daga 40 cm.
An sanya gangaren rufin ne don sauƙin cire taki. Yi irin waɗannan pallet ɗin don kowane bene.
Lokacin yin keji, yi amfani da raga mai hade da girman raga 18 * 18, 20 * 20, 16 * 48 mm.
An shigar da gandun daji na ciyawa tsakanin cages. An sanya masu sha da feeders ƙarƙashin komin dabbobi. Ga mata, an rarraba kejin zuwa gida da kuma kayan abinci.
Wannan zubar yana dacewa da sel 60. A lokacin shekara, yana yiwuwa a yi girma shugabannin samari 400 ko sama da haka.
Shagon fodder
A gonar, kuna buƙatar kantin sayar da abinci. Wannan dakin yana adana kayan abinci, hatsi da masan hatsi. Hakanan zaka iya sanya katako da shirya abinci ta hannuwanka.
Na dabam sanya rumfa don adana kayan aiki da kayan gini.
Gidan mayanka da firiji
Ya fi dacewa don yin kisan gilla a cikin ɗakuna na musamman. Saboda haka, sanya mayanka a gona. Zai fi kyau idan kun haɗa shi zuwa ɗaki tare da firiji. Dole ne a wadata mayanka da magudanar jini da murhu. Za a buƙaci murhu don ƙone ɓarnar (ƙafa, kawuna, kayan ciki, da fatun ɓata). Don haka, akwai ci gaba mai gudana: yanka, yanka, shiryawa da daskarewa. Karanta yadda ake yanka zomo a wani labarin daban.
Mai tara taki
Bai kamata ku manta da taki ba. Kafa ramin taki a gonarka. Ya kamata a kasance a cikin mafi kusurwar kusurwa. Kamar yadda yake nesa da zomaye da yanka kamar yadda zai yiwu. Yakamata a bango ramin rami. Zurfin ramin bai kasa mita 3. Tsawon shi ne sabani.
Flandra da Soviet chinchilla sun ketare. Tare da isassun kulawar mata, zomo mai kimanin wata ɗaya ya auna nauyin kilogiram 1-1.2 na rayuwa.
Yanzu bari mu duba cikakken tsarin kasuwancin kiwo.
Tunda mun kiwo zomaye don nama, to, mun zaɓi nau'in don nama. Ba mummunan ba, har ma da nasarar shayarwa da biyan irin waɗannan nau'ikan: farin ƙaton, ƙaton kato, azurfa ko launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa, flanders, Soviet chinchilla, Californian, malam buɗe ido, rago kuma akwai wasu nau'o'in da yawa.
Tare da kulawa mai kyau, zuwa watanni 3-4 nauyin gawa daga 2-3 kg. Farkon balaga da ƙwazo iri. Soviet chinchilla 'yan uwa ne masu ban mamaki. Halin yana da nutsuwa kuma yana iya karɓar baƙin.
Mata biyu chinchillas Soviet sau ɗaya sun ciyar da creepers 40, af, sun kasance shekaru daban-daban. Ya kasance a lokacin sanyi.
Sayi dabbobin gona daga gonaki masu daraja. Idan za ta yiwu, ziyarci baje kolin kayan gona inda za ka zaɓi mai kawowa.
Lokacin da aka saya, dole ne a yiwa kananan dabbobi allurar rigakafin cututtuka. Tun da zomaye dabbobi ne masu wahala, domin jigilar su ta tafi ba tare da matsala ba, suna buƙatar a ba su magunguna ko kuma su ɗiba bitamin B6 lokacin shan ruwa, wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai maganin damuwa.
Sabon dabbobin da suka shigo ya kamata a dasa su daban da sauran. Dole ne a kebe su na tsawon wata guda. Idan komai yayi daidai da dabbobi, zaka iya haɗawa da saura.
Yadda ake tsara ciyarwa a gona?
Idan wani yana tunanin cewa zai yiwu a ciyar da zomaye da ciyawa da ciyawa ita kadai, sun yi kuskure matuka. Don cin nasara a kasuwanci, suna buƙatar cikakken abinci kuma ba tare da ciyarwa tare da abincin hatsi-gari ba abin da zai yi aiki.
Rabbit abinci, yau da kullum kashi a cikin grams:
Babban dabbobi:
- Ciyawar ciyawa - 1500;
- Kayan kafa - 1200;
- Rassan - 600;
- Gwoza saman 200;
- Ganyen kabeji (ya kamata a bi a hankali) 600;
- Karas 600;
- Fodder beets 200;
- Sugar gwoza 600;
- Turnips 400;
- Boiled dankali 400;
- Danyen dankali 150;
- Silo 300;
- Hay 300;
- Masarar hatsi 150;
- Legume hatsi 50;
- Masarar mai 20;
- Bran 100;
- Kek din mai 100;
- Nama da cin kashi kashi 15;
- Gishiri 2.5;
- Alfila 2.
Gwada ƙoƙarin bin waɗannan ƙa'idodin. Kada ku mamaye dabbobi.
Don sauƙaƙe kewaya yawan abincin da kuke buƙata a kowace shekara, duba adadi masu zuwa, kg.
Ga mata da maza a lokacin hutu:
- maida hankali 3.50;
- ciyawa 1.20;
- tushen kayan lambu 3.25;
- koren abinci 4.50.
Mata da maza a lokacin kiwo:
- maida hankali 4.20;
- ciyawa 1.50;
- tushen kayan lambu 3.8;
- koren abinci 5.6.
Mace ta faɗi:
- maida hankali 17;
- ciyawa 6;
- tushen kayan lambu 16;
- koren abinci 23.
Mace mai shayarwa:
- maida hankali 62;
- ciyawa 21;
- tushen kayan lambu 57;
- koren abinci 83.
Ci gaban matasa 45-120:
- maida hankali 10;
- ciyawa 3.20;
- tushen kayan lambu 12.
Da safe, ana ba dabbobi abinci mai daɗi da na kore. A lokacin abincin rana da maraice - yana mai da hankali. Ana sha, sabo da ruwa a kiyaye.
Zomayen kiwo
Haihuwar zomo abu ne mai mahimmanci a cikin kiwo. Bi shi bisa ga makirci. A cikin sheds, matakan bene na sama mata ne da maza daya ke shagaltar dasu. Yaran dabbobi suna zaune a cikin sauran ƙwayoyin.
Kowane zomo yana ba da 3 game da: a bazara, bazara da kaka. Wannan yana haifar da jarirai kimanin 25. Zomayen suna zaune karkashin mace har zuwa wata biyu. Gabaɗaya, an ajiye kawuna 300 don yin kiba. Ka tuna cewa sharar gida babu makawa saboda wani dalili. Ana sanya su kyauta akan sauran ƙwayoyin.
Sau 3 na kwaya 60 gaba daya, 3 * 300 = Kawunansu 900 a shekara
Ba shi da ma'ana a ci gaba da hayayyafa don kiwo mai tsabta. Sakamakon yana da tsada mai yawa. Yana da sauki a sayi kawunan samari da yawa don gyaran dabbobi.
Ajiye abinci
Ciyar da zomaye da abincin kasuwanci, kamar yadda kuka sani, yana da tsada. Ba shi yiwuwa a shuka hatsi. Ba za ku iya rage kuɗin ciyarwa ba. Sabili da haka, ya fi kyau samar da abinci mai gina jiki da kanka.
Don wannan, ana buƙatar masarar hatsi da mai daskarewa. Zomayen suna cin pellets da yardar rai.
Yawancin girke-girke na granules. Zabi ga kowa:
- hatsi, alkama 30;
- sha'ir, masara 45;
- garin alkama 12;
- kek 12;
- alli 0.5;
- gishiri 0.5.
Wani zaɓi don ƙananan dabbobi:
- hatsi, alkama 40;
- sha'ir, masara 45;
- kek 8;
- nama da ci kashi 6;
- abincin kifi 6;
- alli 0.5;
- gishiri 0.5.
Zabi ga kowa:
- hatsi, alkama 31;
- sha'ir, masara 32;
- ɗanyen alkama 15;
- kek 15;
- nama da kashi kashi 3;
- abincin kifi 3;
- yisti na hydrolytic 2;
- cin kashi kashi 1;
- gishiri 1.
Girbi ciyawa yana kawo babban tanadi. Amma silage da shuka tushen amfanin gona ba gaskiya bane. Saboda haka, ya fi kyau saya su.
Gwada gwada aikin hannu. Siyan karamin tarakta zai sauƙaƙe sauƙin aikin hannu. A kai zaka iya kawo abinci ga Sweden, da fitar da taki. Kafa hanyar samar da ruwa ta atomatik.
Yanayin zomo da allurar riga kafi
Don kauce wa cututtuka daban-daban, zomaye suna buƙatar samar da kyakkyawan yanayin gidaje.
Dole ne kejin ya zama mai tsabta kuma ya bushe. Idan cages na katako ne, yana da kyau ayi farin tare da lemun tsami kowane wata shida. Kafin ka shiga inuwar, ka sanya bakin ciki a fili ka zuba lemun tsami a ciki shima, domin wadanda suka shiga su wuce ta wannan lemun. Ta wannan hanyar, za a yi maganin rigakafin takalmin.
Don kaucewa yawaitar dabbobi daga cututtuka masu yaduwa, ana buƙatar rigakafi. A wannan lokacin, an samar da cikakken allurar rigakafin cutar ta VGBK da myxomatosis. Irin wannan rigakafin ana ba da shi a lokacin bazara ga manya, kuma ya kamata a yiwa kananan dabbobi allurar kowane wata uku.
Fahimtar naman zomo na gida
Tabbas, kowa yana sha'awar siyar da nama. Don farawa, bi da ba da naman zomo ga abokai, sanannu da dangi. Idan suna son shi, ka tabbata cewa wasu daga naman zomo zasu tafi tare da kara. Gishiri mai daɗi daga naman zomo da kuma zomo mai daɗin ci da gwanaye. Don haka, asalin abokin cinikinmu an ƙirƙira shi.
Me za a yi nan gaba? Abu ne mai sauki: kowane irin talla. Yana da mahimmanci cewa farashin ba girgije bane kuma karɓa ga mutane.
Sayar da nama daga yadi baya buƙatar izini. Amma idan kun miƙa wa dillalai, to kuna buƙatar takardar shaidar dabbobi.
Kuna iya ƙoƙarin ba da shawara ga gidajen abinci. Amma tunda ba sa dafa naman zomo a gidajen cin abinci na Rasha, da alama za su ƙi ku. Sannan za ku iya yin haka, ku nemi shugaba ya dafa abincin zomo ya ba shi wasu biyun. Idan yayi aiki, zaku sami ingantaccen tashar rarrabawa. Amma, to za a buƙaci izini da yawa.
Kuna iya buɗe kantin sayar da kanku ko bayar da kayan ku zuwa shaguna, dillalai ko manyan kantuna. Amma gaskiyar ita ce cewa kawunan 1000 a kowace shekara ko 2000 kilogiram na nama ƙananan ƙarami ne. Biyan kuɗi kowace shekara zai cinye yawancin ribar.
Don warware wannan batun, tuntuɓi maɓallin siyar kai tsaye kuma warware shi daban-daban. Manyan masu samar da kayayyaki ga waɗannan maki suna sadar da samfuran su a farashi mai rahusa... Amma suna da manyan kundin. Kuma zaka iya gamawa karyewa.
Ya kamata a gabatar da sababbin ciyarwa a ƙananan ƙananan kuma a hankali. Lokacin sayen zomaye, tabbas ka tambayi abin da aka ciyar da su. Canje-canje kwatsam a cikin abinci yana da mummunan tasiri ga lafiyar dabba.
Riba ta kasuwanci tare da tsarin kasuwanci
Adadin saka hannun jari na farko zai zama daban ga kowa. Saboda farashin kayan gini ya banbanta a duk yankuna. Sannan kuma, watakila kuna da, ce, tarakta, ko wani irin kayan aiki. Kuma wani zai fara daga sifili.
Jerin zama dole domin kiwo zomaye:
- Kayan gini:
- bayanin martaba;
- raga mai narkewa;
- kayan rufi;
- katako.
- Plotasar ƙasa:
- ya fi kyau hayar shi, yana da rahusa.
- Nasawa:
- ambaliyar hadari;
- magudanar ruwa;
- kwalta ko kankare;
- Kudin gini:
- ƙungiyar gini;
- Kayan aiki mai mahimmanci:
- karamin tarakta;
- masan hatsi;
- granulator;
- firiji.
- Zomaye:
- ba kasa da kai 50 ba.
- Kaya:
- masu ciyarwa;
- mashaya.
Kudin shekara-shekara na kiwon zomo a kan karamin gona
Adadin abincin da ake ci a shekara ta sashi guda ɗaya na samarwa ana ninka shi ta farashin abincin abinci. Sanya wannan adadin adadin sauran kudaden: takardu, mai, da dai sauransu. Muna samun kudin shekara-shekara a kowace naúrar samarwa.
Gidan gonar, wanda ya ƙunshi ɗakuna 3, yana da rukunin samar da 42. Wato, akwai mata 14. A kowace juzu'i. Yanzu ninka sau 42 a jimlar kuɗin shekara (bari a ce 2000 rubles). Kudin shekara-shekara zai kai dubu 84,000. Amma kamar yadda kuka sani, babu wani abu kamar ƙarin tsada, don haka bari mu ƙara ɗan wannan adadin. Mun sami 100,000 rubles.
Kididdigar kudin shiga
Unitungiyar samarwa ita ce kilogiram 50 na nama (25 mai girma zomaye * 2 kilogiram). Ga yawancin mutane, ba ɗanɗanar samfurin ne yake da mahimmanci ba, amma tsadar sa, don haka muka sanya shi kusan 200 rubles. Yanzu 200 * 50 = 10,000 rubles. Ana samun wannan daga ɗayan rukunin samarwa.
Yanzu ana buƙatar cire 10 000 daga 2000 kuma mun sami riba mai kyau. Wato, 8,000 rubles. Dole ne a ninka wannan adadin ta hanyar 42 kuma kuna samun 336,000 rubles na riba mai amfani kowace shekara. Mun raba ta watanni 12 kuma muna samun hakan kowane wata 30,000 rubles. Yi hukunci da kanka - kyakkyawan albashi.
Kuna iya karɓar irin wannan albashin ta hanyar keɓewa da awanni 4-5 kawai na lokaci zuwa karamar gona. Amince yana da riba don kiyaye zomaye da ƙirƙirar gona daga ɓarke ba shi da wahala. Bugu da ƙari, idan kuna son ƙari, kawai kuna buƙatar haɓaka dabbobin. Lokacin da tsarin ke gudana, zaku iya tunani game da masana'antar masana'antu.
Kamar yadda kake gani, kasuwancin kiwo na kasuwanci babban riba ne. Kiwon zomo yana da sauri kuma ana biyan duk kuɗin cikin shekara guda.