Cututtuka na rage yawan kudan zuma, rage ayyukansu, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar mutane. Kodayake an ba da kariya ga rayuwar ƙudan zuma ga likitocin dabbobi na ƙasar, manyan masu ba da magani su ne masu kiwon zuma da kansu.
Rashin cututtukan cututtuka na ƙudan zuma
Cututtukan kudan zuma mara yaduwa ya banbanta da na cututtukan saboda lalacewar da suke yiwa apiary ya fi yawa. Irin waɗannan cututtukan ba za a iya ƙayyade su ta hanyar binciken gwaji ba., kuma dalilin faruwar shine kulawa mara kyau.
Pollen mai cutar kansa
Cutar ƙwayar ƙudan zuma, wanda ya samo asali daga amfani da furen ƙura tare da abubuwa masu guba.
Kwari sun yi rauni, sun fadi zuwa kasan amya sannan suka mutu tare da alamun kamuwa da cutar... Saboda cikar hanji da fulawa, ciki na mara lafiya da mataccen ƙudan zuma sai faɗaɗa yake idan aka matsa, wani abu mai launin ruwan kasa ya bayyana.
Don hana ci gaban cuta da mutuwar kwari, ya zama dole a cire shingen kudan zuma daga amya kuma a ciyar da ƙudan zuma da 0.4-0.6 l syrup a kowane amo na kwana 3-4.
Don rigakafin cuta wajibi ne a tsara makirci tare da tsire-tsire na zuma. Wannan zai ba ku damar cika lokutan kyauta a cikin wani yanki.
Nectar mai cutar kansa
Cutar da ba ta da kwayar cutar ƙudan zuma, wanda ake samu daga ƙura mai laushi kuma yana tare da mutuwar kwari. Yana faruwa yayin tattara fure daga larkspur, fighter, wolfberry, rhododendron da sauran shuka. Masu kiwon zuma suna ƙayyade cutar da mutuwar ƙudan zuma kawai a cikin amya. Lokacin kamuwa da cutar, ƙudan zuma da farko suna fuskantar damuwa, sa'annan su raunana da asarar ikon tashi. Saboda wannan, fuka-fuki, ciki, kafafu da eriya an shanye.
Don magani Yi amfani da abinci tare da 33% syrup. An tattara kwarin da suka kamu da cutar, an rufe su da siriri a cikin amo mara kyau kuma an barsu a wuri mai dumi.
Don rigakafinkuma, idan babu rashawa, mustard, phacelia da sauran shuke-shuke zuma ana shuka su a yankin.
Magungunan sunadarai
Shayewar ƙudan zuma da abubuwa masu dafi, waɗanda ake amfani dasu a cikin maganin kwari. Wannan cutar tana bayyana nan da nan bayan ta fesa yankin a yankin aikin ƙudan zuma. Kwayoyin da suka kamu da cutar suna rarrafe ta cikin apiary, a cikin amya, suna fadowa daga bango da tsefe. Akwai ciwon ciki, ruwa daga baki, rashin abinci a hanji da kuma goiter.
A irin wannan yanayi, ana debe zumar zuma daga amya sannan a sarrafa ta da kakin zuma.... Ana ciyar da kwari marasa lafiya tare da syrup na tsawon kwanaki 3-4.
Don rigakafin cututtukan ƙudan zuma, yayin sarrafa filayen da lambuna, ana fitar da su na tsawon kilomita 5 kuma a barsu a wuri mai sanyi.
Alimentary dystrophy ko yunwa
Rashin lafiyar jiki saboda rashin abinci... Wannan ya ƙare da mutuwar 'ya'yan da ƙudan zuma da kansu. A kan jarrabawa, ya kamata mutum ya mai da hankali ga haɓakar ƙuruciya ta ƙanana - sun ɓata ciki da fuka-fuka. Irin waɗannan ƙudan zuma ya kamata a zubar da su nan da nan bayan gano matsalar, kai su waje da apiary.
Yayin magani, ana samarda kwari da abinci - sikari na sikari, zuma da sauransu. Wajibi ne a kiyaye dokokin tsabtar jiki a wurin aiki, lafiyar mahaɗar da kiyaye dukkan apiary sun dogara da ita.
Don yin inshora game da kamuwa da cutar, ya kamata amya ta kasance a wuri mai bushe, kuma ya kamata a samar da kwari da adadin abinci masu inganci masu inganci.
Beudan ƙudan zuma
Mutuwar ƙwararriyar ƙudan zuma da brood saboda ƙaruwar zafin jiki da danshi... Cutar na faruwa ne lokacin da kwari ke murna cikin rufaffiyar hive, rashin iska mai kyau da kuma matsi.
Bayan kamuwa da cutar, kwari suna fitar da hum, bangon amya da allon rufin suna da zafi sosai. Binciken dangin, sun iske da yawa matattu ko kudan zuma masu mutuwa da kuma zumar da aka yayyage.
Jiyya ya kunshi buɗe amya da sauri don ƙudan zuma su fita waje.... Yakamata a tsabtace ƙasan kwalin daga annobar kudan zuma da ɓangaren saƙar zuma.
Don rigakafin tururi, iyalai suna barin adadin da ake buƙata a rufe, bar ƙarin sarari a ciki kuma hana hasken rana kai tsaye.
Honeydew toxicosis na ƙudan zuma
Cutar ƙudan zuma da ke faruwa yayin cin zumar zuma kuma tana ƙarewa mutuwar kwari da brood.
Lokacin da wannan cutar ta bayyana duhu launin ruwan kasa spots bayyana a kan combs da ganuwar hive - kudan zuma.
Don maganin bazara, yi amfani da karin abinci daga sikari na sikari 1-1.5 lita, kuma a lokacin sanyi - zuma daga ganye, ko sikari mai ladabi, dan tsoma cikin ruwa; An kafa amya da yawa a baya - don tsaftace jirage da samar da abinci mai inganci don kwari.
Don rigakafin, in babu cin hanci, ana shuka yanki na ƙudan zuma da ciyawar zuma ko kuma ana amsar amya zuwa yankin da ake samun yawan shuka.
Cututtuka na ƙudan zuma da alamomin su
Cututtuka na ƙudan zuma - jerin cututtukan, asalinsu sune kwayoyin cuta masu cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta da naman gwari na asalin shuka. Babban alama ce ta cututtukan cututtuka - mazaunan kudan zuma marasa lafiya sun kamu da masu lafiya.
Axospherosis
Cutar da ta haifar naman gwari askofera, yana kamuwa da tsutsar ciki da ƙudan zuma na kwanaki 4-5.
Tare da cuta gawawwakin gawarwaki sun bayyana, yi kama da gutsuren alli ko lemun tsami. Insectswararrun kwari ba sa kamuwa da wannan cuta, amma suna ɗauke da ita.
Don magani, ana amfani da magunguna, tare da ciyarwa tare da syrup tare da ƙari na 10 na 5% iodine a kowace lita ɗaya na ruwa.
Don matakan kariya:
- rike amsar rana;
- cire saƙar zuma ya shafa;
- kar a bayar sauke zuma;
- ciyarwa disinfection tare da 10% hydrogen peroxide da formic acid;
- kona ruwan zuma da annoba.
Aspirgelles
Cututtuka na ƙwayoyin cuta na larvae da ƙudan zumawanda ke haifar da bushewa da mutuwa. Ana kawo naman gwari na wannan cuta zuwa cikin amya ta kudan zuma tare da pollen.
Lokacin kamuwa da kwayar cuta, deadan matan da suka mutu suna shrivels kuma suna tauri. Launi ya shuɗe ya canza zuwa rawaya, ya zama an rufe shi da farin fari da fari. Da farko dai, kwari suna cikin farin ciki, bayan - sun rasa ƙarfi, kuma ciki yana tauri.
Ana amfani da magunguna wajen magani, cire duk wata annoba kuma ayi maganin amya da 10% hydrogen peroxide da 0.5% boric acid. Ana ba da ƙudan zuma abinci mai cikewa.
Don rigakafin ana ajiye kwari a busassun amya, ana basu wadataccen abinci. An tono ƙasar da ke ƙarƙashin amya tare da lemun tsami, ana bi da shi da magani na 4% na formaldehyde. Duk robobi ana aiwatar da su da yamma, a cikin kwanciyar hankali.
Cututtuka da ƙwayoyin cuta a kan ƙudan zuma suna yin lahani ga apiary, kuma suna iya lalata shi gaba ɗaya.
Paratyphoid
Tsanani gurɓatar mazaunan kudan zuma ta hanyar yawan ƙwayoyin cuta. Daya daga cikinsu shine alveya. Ana kamuwa da cutar daga kudan zuma mai dauke da cutar zuwa masu lafiya.
Lokacin da kwayoyin cuta suka lalace, ciki yakan fara wahala. Ana iya gano wannan ta hanyar duban najasar kudan zuma. Sun zama tayi da rabin ruwa.
Ana ciyar da ƙudan zuma marasa lafiya da abinci na musamman na magani... Wannan yana buƙatar haɗin ruwa wanda ya ƙunshi raka'a dubu 100 na biomycin ko 0.2 g na chloramphenicol. Wajibi ne don haɗa 40-50 ml na bayani tare da lita na syrup mai zafi. Ana bayar da abinci sau 3-4 a rana. Bayan kwana 5, ya kamata ku huta.
Don rigakafin Ina magance amya tare da kashi 10% na hydrogen peroxide da boric acid. Dukan annobar da tsaran tsaftacewa sun ƙone.
Kwayar cuta ta ƙwayar cuta a cikin ƙudan zuma
Ilimin cututtukan cututtukan cuta wanda ke shafar tsarin juyayi na kwari kuma yana shanye dukkan jiki. Ana kamuwa da cutar daga kwari masu cutar zuwa wadanda ke da lafiya. Jirgin dako - mite na parasitic wanda ke sauka akan jikin ƙudan zuma.
Alamomin farko na kamuwa da cuta bayyana kwanaki 5-10 bayan kamuwa da cutar. Beudan zuma sun rasa ƙarfi, wanda ke haifar da mutuwa. Tsawancin cutar inna ya fara ne daga kwana 7 zuwa watanni 3.
Babban abu shine ware keɓaɓɓiyar iyali don hana kamuwa da sauran. Ana gudanar da jiyya kamar haka: an bayyana apiary keɓe keɓaɓɓe na shekara 1, cutar ƙudan zuma da kuma zuma mai ɗauke da firam suna konewa.
Don hana kamuwa da cuta, a farkon bazara, ana ciyar da ƙudan zuma da syrup, tare da biomycin da tetracycline. A farkon bazara - fitowar kwayar cuta tare da 1 g na magnesium chloride. Ana hada zumar da wannan hadin sau 4 kowane kwana 7.
Septicmia
Watsa cuta mai saurin yaduwa ga balaraben kudan zuma. Cutar ta bazu cikin awanni kaɗan, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar kwari.
Esudan zuman da suka kamu da cutar suna tashin hankali da farko, sa'annan su bushe, su yi tafiya a hankali, sannan kuma su daskare. Idan kudan zuma yayi matsi, sai ya farfashe.
Jiyya na cututtukan fata: ƙudan zuma suna motsawa don magance amya busassun, an cire fim ɗin da zuma mara fitarwa. Akwatinan suna da rufi. Ana ciyar da ƙudan zuma 1: 1 magani na sikari da ruwa.
Kafin farkon lokacin, dole ne a bi da amya tare da sinadarin formic acid da hydrogen peroxide.
Baturen Turai
Cututtuka na buɗewa da bugawa. Asalin cutar tuni ƙudan zuma ke kamuwa da ita. Bayan kamuwa da cuta, kwari sukan zama masu rauni, bayan haka kuma su mutu.
Jiyya samarwa ta hanyar haɗuwa tare da narkar da iyalai. Ana amfani da Sherbet don ciyarwa, gauraye da wasu maganin rigakafi, sau 2-3 a rana.
Ana zubar da zumar da ke dauke da cutar, kuma ana kashe kwayoyin amosanin.
Cututtuka masu yaduwa da magunguna
Cututtuka masu yaduwa watsawa ta hanyar watsawa daga apiaries daban-daban na kayan aikin da kwalayekazalika da sayen sarauniyar da ke dauke da cutar.
Varroatosis
Cutar keɓe keɓaɓɓiyar cuta sanadiyyar mite na Varroa-Jacobsoni.
A lokacin hunturu, ƙudan zuma masu cutar ba su hutawa kuma suna buƙatar abinci mai yawa. Kuna iya ganin kwaro ta amfani da farin takarda, wanda kwari suke fada akansa.
Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don varroatosis:
- sinadarai - Wannan shi ne lura da mazaunan kudan zuma tare da shirye-shirye na musamman;
- hanyar thermal ana ba da shawarar aiwatarwa a lokacin kaka bayan fitowar brood.
Rigakafin varroatosis:
- anti-varroatous farkon lokacin bazara, bayan baje kolin amya a wurin;
- aikin yamma iyalai game da varroatosis.
Braulez
Wata cuta wacce iceungiyoyin ƙudan zuma suna fama da kwarkwata... Gashin haya shine kwaro ga ƙudan zuma da brood. Tana zaune a jikinsu, musamman a jikin mahaifa, yayin da take damun su sosai.
Don magani, ana amfani da hayakin taba... Ya kamata a cire ƙwaro daga jikin mahaifa tare da taimakon hayaƙin taba, sannan kuma ana ba da shawarar a saka 6-10 g na naphthalene a saman filo a cikin dare, a rufe kasan da farin takarda. Da safe, za a ga duk kwarkwata.
Don rigakafin ana sarrafa amya kowace shekara kafin baje kolin.
Nosematosis na ƙudan zuma
Cutar mulkin mallaka na kudan zuma, lalacewa ta hanyar kwayar unicellular - nozema... Hanyar kamuwa da cuta shine alimentary. Kwari suna da gudawa da yawan mutuwa a lokacin sanyi.
Jiyya da za'ayi ta amfani da 20.0 g na fumagillin, diluted a lita 25 na mai tsanani sukari syrup. Hanyar magani shine makonni 3.
Don rigakafin nosematosis an zaɓi iyalai masu ƙarfi tare da adadi mai yawa na matasa don hunturu. An hana magunguna, tun da ba a fahimci ciyarwa sosai kuma maganin ya rasa dukiyar sa.
Bee amoebiasis
Wata cuta mai cin zafin da ta samo asali daga parasitism na amoeba Malpighamoeba mellifica. Kwayoyin parasites sun shiga cikin kwayar halittar kudan zuma tare da taimakon abinci ko ruwa.
Idan aka bincika, ƙudan zuma ya zama mai rauni, ya kamu da gudawa kuma ya ƙaru da yawan mace-mace.
Jiyya da za'ayi ta amfani da 20.0 g na fumagillin, diluted a lita 25 na mai tsanani sukari syrup. Hanyar magani shine makonni 3.
Don rigakafin nosematosis an zaɓi iyalai masu ƙarfi tare da adadi mai yawa na ƙananan dabbobi don hunturu. An hana magunguna, tunda ana sayar da ciyarwa da kyau kuma maganin yana asarar kaddarorin sa.
Bee acarapidosis
Arfafa mulkin mallaka na kudan zuma ta hanyar cutar Acarapis Woodi.
Bayyanannun alamun kamuwa da cuta ana iya ganinsa a farkon bazara yayin fitowar ƙudan zuma. Kwayoyin da suka kamu da cutar sun mutu, suna fadowa kasa, suna tara tarin tsibi ko rarrafe a hankali.
Yayin magani amfani da hayakin magani. Ya fi dacewa da shan hayaki da sassafe, lokacin da ƙudan zuma ba su fito ba tukuna.
Don rigakafin an kebe apiary tsakanin radius na kilomita 5-7. An kebe masu kebelen bayan shekara guda da kawar da cutar gaba daya.
Cututtukan ƙudan zuma na haifar da asara mai yawa ga masu kiwon kudan zuma, don haka ya zama tilas kowane mai kiwon zuma ya san manyan cututtukan da za su iya cutar da “unguwanninsa”