Sarauniyar karas ta kaka ta gaskata sunan ta saboda shugabancin ta a tsakanin ƙarshen nau'ikan karas, waɗanda masu lambu ke yabawa saboda yawan amfanin gonarsu, dandano mai kyau, bayyanar su da tsawon rayuwar su.
Bayanin iri-iri da halayensa
Sarauniyar Bakin karas iri-iri ta kasance daga rukunin kayan marmari masu daɗewa. Girbi yana farawa a tsakiyar Oktoba.
Shuke-shuke da ganye mai yaɗuwa mai tsayi tare da matsakaiciyar ganye mai haske koren launi.
'Ya'yan itãcen suna da siffar tsayi na yau da kullun kuma tsawonsa ya kai cm 30. Matsakaicin kowane kayan lambu daga 160 zuwa 200 g.
Pulangaren litattafan almara yana da ruwan lemo na gargajiya da halin mai yawa, juiciness da zaƙi.
Matsayin sukari a cikin karas ya bambanta daga 6 zuwa 11%, kuma ƙimar carotene a cikin 100 g na samfurin ya fara daga 10 zuwa 17 g.
Fa'idodi da rashin fa'idar Sarauniyar kaka
Lokacin da aka kwatanta iri-iri, yakamata a bayyana abubuwan da yake da su, godiya ga abin da tsire-tsire ya cancanci matsayinsa a cikin lambun:
- yawan amfanin ƙasa, wanda, a ƙarƙashin kyakkyawan yanayin haɓaka, 9 kg / m2 ne;
- m germination na dasa tsaba da natsuwa cikin 'ya'yan itacen;
- kyawun bayyanar kayan lambu da fifikon dandano;
- juriya ga fatattaka yayin tabbatar da daidaitaccen shayarwa;
- kyakkyawan kariya ga cututtuka daban-daban na fungal da asalin cuta;
- kiyayewa na dogon lokaci ba tare da asarar ɗanɗano ba, dangane da madaidaicin ajiya;
- samfurin duniya, an cinye sabo, stewed, juices, an shirya dankalin turawa kuma ana amfani dashi don shirye-shiryen hunturu.
Bayan halaye masu kyau akwai wasu rashin amfani, wanda ya hada da:
- tsara tushen amfanin gona daban-daban;
- wahala cikin cire ɗiyan itace mai tsayi daga ƙasa mai yawa;
- kasa cikakken launi na kayan lambu.
Babban asirin girma karas
Don samun matsakaicin yawan amfanin gonar bitamin na Sarauniyar Autumn, ya zama dole a bi wasu ƙa'idodin shuka da kulawa, yayin la'akari da duk halaye iri-iri.
Ana shirya ƙasa don shuka
Wajibi ne a fara shirya ƙasa tun da wuri don shuka iri na karas a cikin ƙasa ya yi nasara.
Karas sun fi son haske, permeable, ƙasa mai ni'ima... Soilasa mai nauyi tana haifar da ɓawon burodi wanda ke hana aikin tsire-tsire kuma zai iya haifar da nakasa daga tushen amfanin gona.
Wurin gadon karas ya kamata ya zama ya kasance mai haske kuma a ko'ina cikin hasken rana ta hasken rana kai tsaye. Cucumbers, kabeji, dankali, da albasa ana ɗaukarsu magabata ne masu kyau.
Onasa a kan gonar da aka zaɓa ta buƙata haƙa shi a ƙarshen kaka, tare da takin mai gina jiki... A lokacin bazara, maimaita hanya don ƙirƙirar kyakkyawan yanayi don sanya tsaba.
Makonni da yawa kafin dasa shuki ba kasar gona da toka da humus... Ba kwa buƙatar ƙara taki sabo a ƙasa, tunda al'adun ba sa haƙuri da yawanta.
Hakanan, kada kuyi takin zamani da kayayyakin da ke tushen nitrogen, wannan na iya haifar da saurin tarin nitrates ta hanyar amfanin gona na asali.
Fasahar shirye-shiryen iri
Babban mahimmanci a cikin fasahar noma ta karas shine tsaba mai inganci da shirye shiryen shuka.
Sabili da haka, kuna buƙatar zaɓar kayan shuka mai inganci kuma don saurin tsirowa, jiƙa su cikin ruwan dumi na awoyi 24, canza shi kowane bayan awa uku.
Sannan Rinke tsaba da kyau kuma a sanyaya a fridge.
Shuka dokoki
Shuka iri ya kamata a yi a ƙarshen Mayu ko farkon Yuni a cikin yanayi mai kyau. A kudancin latitude, ana ba da shawarar dasa shuki a tsakiyar ko ƙarshen Yuni, inda Oktoba ba ta fuskantar barazanar sanyi.
Saukowa ya ƙunshi aiwatar da waɗannan ayyukan:
- Tsara tsagi, wanda bai wuce zurfin 1-2 cm ba kuma ya shayar da ƙasa sosai. Nisa tsakanin layuka ya zama aƙalla 15 cm don saukin amfanin gona.
- Shuka kayan shuka zuwa zurfin 0.5-1.0 cm, yayyafa da ƙasa kuma ƙaramin kaɗan.
Lokacin aiwatar da duk dabarun namo, amfanin gona ya fara kwanaki 117-130 bayan ya shuka iri.
Saitin matakan kulawa da kayan lambu
Kulawa da kyau zai taimaka muku samun wadatar amfanin ƙasa. Don yin wannan, dole ne ku aiwatar da waɗannan ayyukan:
- a kai a kai cire weeds da sassauta gadaje don saturate ƙasa tare da danshi kuma hana ƙirar ɓawon burodi;
- ruwa kadan a kowane mataki na ci gaban tsire-tsire, wanda zai ba da damar kayan lambu su zama santsi, mai daɗi da mai daɗi;
- sirara tare da matukar kulawa yayin da saman ke girma, don kar a lalata tushen tsarin sauran shuke-shuke;
- ciyar da karas da takin mai maganita amfani da kwayoyin halitta da ma'adanai.
Cututtuka da rigakafin su
Duk da cewa ire-iren suna da kyakkyawar juriya ta cuta, da alama cutar lalacewa da yaduwar kwaro ba za a hana su ba, amma duk matakan da suka dace don kare shuka ya kamata a aiwatar da su a kan kari.
A lokacin girma da bayan girbi, ana yawan samun amfanin gona da ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa. Mafi haɗari sune cututtukan cututtuka da fungal waɗanda ke haifar da ruɓewa da lalacewar 'ya'yan itacen.
Hanyoyin rigakafin da ke taimakawa wajen magance cututtuka: juyawar amfanin gona, shuka a kan kari, ƙari na takin mai magani, sassauta ƙasa, kawar da ragowar tsire-tsire a kaka.
Kwaroron kwari marasa tushe sune gaggowar karas da larvae... Bayyanar inuwar tagulla a jikin ganyayyakin na bayyanar da bayyanar su. Karas da aka lalata sun zama masu ɗaci, ruɓuwa da amfani.
Don hana abin da ya faru na wannan kwaro, kana buƙatar kullun sassauta gadaje, hana hana ruwa da shading. Idan kuma an samu matsala, to a lalata shi ta hanyar feshi da maganin kwari.
Girbi da adana amfanin gona
Girbi akan lokaci zai sami sakamako mai kyau akan rayuwar rayuwar tushen amfanin gona. Saboda haka, saboda wannan ya zama dole:
- daidai ƙayyade lokacin girbi, tunda karas din da bai daddara ba yana da saurin lalacewa, kuma wadanda ba su yi girma ba suna da saurin kamuwa da cutar parasites;
- 'yan kwanaki kafin girbi, rage adadin ban ruwahakan zai taimaka wajen kiyaye zaki da romon karas;
- zabi rana mai kyau da girbi da hannu ko tono tare da shebur, a hankali cire dunƙulen ƙasa tare da tushen, sannan kuma fitar da su ɗaya bayan ɗaya ta saman;
- kada ku bare kayan lambu daga kasa kuma kar ku wanke su, saboda wannan na iya hanzarta ci gaban cututtuka;
- a hankali yanke saman da wuka a ƙasa da girman ci gaba da 0.5 cm, tunda shuke-shuke ba kawai yana rage nauyin karas ta hanyar shan romonsu ba, amma kuma yana lalata ƙarancin abincin su;
- bayan kin yanke, sai ki shanya saiwar kuma sanya shi a cikin wuri mai duhu a yanayin zafin jiki na 10-14̊ C na tsawon kwanaki 15, wannan zai ba 'yan tayi damar warkar da lalacewar, da kuma bayyana nakasu ga samfuran marasa lafiya;
- bayan lokacin da aka ƙayyade ya wuce, daidaita amfanin gonar da aka girbe, cire ƙwayoyin cuta masu lalacewa, masu cuta da taushi;
- bayan duk matakai an gama su, zaku iya fara sanya amfanin gona don ajiya.
Dole ne a adana samfurin a ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa. Matsayi mai kyau shine ɗakin ɗaki ko ginshiki., wanda ke biye:
- kula da zafin jiki na yau da kullun a cikin kewayon daga 0 zuwa 5̊ С;
- shirya mafi kyau duka zafi 90-95%.
Irin wannan yanayin zai taimaka wajen adana tushen amfanin gona har zuwa girbi na gaba ba tare da asarar inganci ba.
Zaɓin Sarauniya iri daban-daban ana ɗaukarsa kyakkyawan mafita ga masu ƙwarewa da ƙwararrun lambu waɗanda ke son samun yalwar kayan karas da kiyaye su a duk lokacin hunturu.
Tun da kayan lambu da kayan marmari masu daɗi ba wai kawai abinci ne mai daɗi ba, har ma asalin abinci ne na asali, bitamin da kuma ma'adanai.