Irga canadian shine 'ya'yan itace mai ban sha'awa da kayan lambu masu ban sha'awa. Itacen bishiyar yanke itace mai tsayin mita 1.5 zuwa 8 yana da kyau a kowane lokaci na shekara. A lokacin bazara, irga yana da kyan gani yayin buɗewar toho, lokacin da kace an lullube da farin-farin sanyi.
Daga baya, yayin fure, ana watsa shi da gungu-gunen fararen furanni masu ƙamshi kewaye da ƙudan zuma. Har zuwa tsakiyar lokacin rani, an yi wa shrub ɗin ado da gungu na shuɗi mai ruwan hoda. Har zuwa ƙarshen kaka, adon shrub ɗin ganye ne, wanda a hankali yake canza launi daga kore zuwa kalar ja. Dangane da bangon lambun sanyi mai dusar ƙanƙara, rassan burgundy-brown suna da kyau.
Bayanin irgi na kanada
Bari mu fara da bayanin Irga yana da saurin girma, mai saurin girma da daɗewa. Al'adar ta shiga 'ya'yan itace bayan dasa shuki a cikin shekara ta uku. Tsawon rayuwar irgi shine shekaru 40-50. Juriyar sanyi na da kyau kwarai, yana jure yanayin sanyi har zuwa digiri 40 ba tare da asara ba. A cikin yanayin yankin Moscow, baya buƙatar matsuguni don hunturu. Hakanan shukar tana jin daɗi a cikin wasu yankuna na arewacin. Shuke-shuke da ke da kyau suna da sauƙin buƙata kuma, idan an dasa shi sosai, miƙa ƙarfi da ba da fruita fruitan talakawa.
Tushen daji shine na sama, yawancin tushen suna a zurfin 40 cm, wasu daga cikinsu suna sauka zuwa mita 1. radius na tushen tsarin ya kai 2 m.
Irga ya yi fure a ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon Mayu, don kwanaki 10-15. Furannin na iya jure sanyi na gajeren lokacin bazara har zuwa -7 ° C.
Shrub din ba abu ne mai kyau ba game da ingancin kasar, yana da matsalar fari. Irga ya girma da sauri - riga a cikin shekara ta uku bayan dasa shuki yana fara ba da fruita fruita, kuma yana da shekaru yearsan shekaru 8 8 cikakken lokaci yana farawa. Lokacin yawan aiki shine shekaru 20-30 tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa mai nauyin kilogiram na 8-10 na kowace bishiya.
Fa'idodin shrub ɗin suna da 'ya'yan itace da wuri kuma wadatattu, cin gashin kai na tsire-tsire yana tabbatar da' ya'yan itace shekara-shekara. Irga ba shi da ma'ana ga yanayin girma, mai tsananin sanyi-mai saurin sanyi da fari.
Abubuwa masu amfani
'Ya'yan itacen Irga sune kyakkyawan kayan abinci mai yawa wanda yake dauke da bitamin C, B2, carotene, pectins, anthocyanins and trace elements (cobalt, jan ƙarfe, gubar). 'Ya'yan itacen suna da amfani wajen maganin hypo- da avitaminosis, don rigakafi da maganin atherosclerosis, cututtukan sassan ciki, da kuma tsarin zuciya.
Abubuwan magani na irgi berries
- yana kwantar da hankulan tsarin, mai amfani ga rashin bacci da bacci mai nutsuwa;
- ƙara haɓakar bangon jijiyoyin jini da ƙarfafa su;
- anyi amfani dashi don hana cututtukan zuciya da kuma jijiyoyin jini (yana hana samuwar daskarewar jini);
- samun tasirin tonic, rage hawan jini da daidaita matakan cholesterol;
- an yi amfani dashi don rigakafin cututtukan miki na peptic kuma a matsayin wakili mai ƙin kumburi don cututtukan ɓangaren hanji na ciki;
- Berry yana da amfani wajen yaki da cutar sikeli;
- ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga sabo ne na berry yana da kayan haɓaka, don haka ana amfani dashi don kurɓar da ƙonewa.
Iri da nau'ikan iri
Irga daga dangin Rosaceae ne kuma tana da nau'uka sama da 25. Mafi na kowa su ne:
- Irga canadian - shrub tare da rassan rassan har zuwa mita 6 tsawo. Ana jin daɗin ɗanɗano mai dadi sosai, mai ɗanɗano da ya kai 1 g. Amfanin ƙasa har zuwa kilogiram 6 / daji. Ganye suna da kyau, suna da kyau a shinge lokacin da aka dasa su mita 2 nesa. Shrub ne mai saurin girma tare da girman shekara shekara har zuwa 40 cm a tsayi da faɗi.
A cikin shekaru 60 da suka gabata, Kanada ta kasance cibiyar kiwo don mafi kyawun iri na irgi. Mafi shahararrun masu aikin lambu sune:
- Pembina - tsayi da faɗi na shrub ya kai mita 5. Taji tana fad'a. Amfanin iri-iri shine samuwar karamin adadin tushen ci gaba.
- Smokey - shrub har zuwa 4.5 m tsawo, kambi a cikin hanyar bude laima. A iri-iri tare da ƙarshen lokacin fure, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a gare ta don guje wa asarar ƙwan ƙwaryar lokacin bazara. 'Ya'yan Smokey suna da girma, har zuwa 14mm a diamita tare da ƙanshi mai ƙanshi. 'Ya'yan itace sune mafi kyawun dukkan nau'ikan da ke akwai, na jiki ba tare da astringency ba.
- Northline - daji mai tsaka-tsaka mai girman matsakaici, kututture na tsaye. 'Ya'yan itace suna da girma ƙwarai, har zuwa 16mm a diamita, shuɗi-baƙar fata tare da kuli-kuli mai kakin zuma, girke-girke na' ya'yan da ba su fasa ba yana da sassauci. Nau'in iri-iri da yawa na tushen ci gaba. Ana buƙatar pollinator.
- Sturgeon - bishiyoyi masu yalwa da yawa har zuwa tsawon mita 3. Nau'in iri-iri masu yawan gaske ne, gungun bishiyoyi suna da tsayi, 'ya'yan itacen suna da girma kuma suna da daɗi.
- Thyssen - wani shrub ya kai tsayin 5 m tare da rawanin kambi mai girman gaske. Wannan shi ne farkon, mai saurin saurin girma. Girman berries na kyakkyawan dandano ya kai 17mm a diamita. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna da ƙanshi tare da ƙanshi mai sauƙi. Dangane da rashin 'yayan bishiyar' ya'yan itacen, an ƙara lokacin girbi cikin lokaci. Jirin sanyi har zuwa - 28 ° С.
- Irga Lamarca Yana da babban shrub ko ƙaramin itace har zuwa tsayin mita 8. Kambin yana da siffa mai zagaye. Ba kamar Irga na Kanada ba, yana girma a hankali, haɓakar shekara ba ta fi 25 cm tsayi ba. Irga Lamarca yana da kyau ƙwarai a lokacin furanni kuma a cikin ƙyallen rani a lokacin kaka.
Theungiyoyin suna ɗaukar kyakkyawan tsarin lanƙwasa lokacin da aka tsara su a kai a kai. Irin waɗannan bishiyoyi suna da kyau a cikin dasa shuki da layuka.
Sau da yawa a cikin gidajen Aljannar akwai iri iri da irga-zagaye, suna da ado kuma ana cin 'ya'yansu, amma suna da ƙanƙanci kuma dandanon' ya'yan itace yana da ƙasa.
Dasa shuki, girma da yanayin kulawa
Irga ba shi da izini ga yanayin ci gaba, ba damuwa cikin kulawa ba.
A cikin lambun ko kuma a cikin lambun, ana iya dasa shi daga gefen arewa, tun da yake ƙusoshinta da yawa suna kama dusar ƙanƙara kuma suna kariya daga iska mai sanyi ta arewa. Yana da kyau a dasa shuke-shuken, currants, gooseberries kusa da shi, a gare su zai zama kyakkyawan kariya.
Ana iya dasa Irga duka a bazara da kaka. A cikin ramin da aka shirya, ana dasa shuki zurfin 5-10 cm fiye da yadda suke girma a da, wannan zai inganta ci gaban ƙarin ƙananan harbe-harbe. Bayan dasa shuki da wadataccen shayarwa, kasar da ke kewaye da shukokin tana bushewa, an sare shuka zuwa kusan 1/3 na tsayi, ba barin fiye da 5 da ke da kyau. Ana shuka tsire-tsire kowane 2-3 m, kuma lokacin ƙirƙirar shinge, yana da kyau a dasa a cikin tsarin dubawa kowane 0.5-0.7 m a cikin layuka da tsakanin tsirrai.
Carearin kulawa yana ƙunshe da shayarwa yayin lokacin bushewa, sassauta ƙasa a kusa da ciyawar da ciyarwa. Irga yana karɓar takin mai magani. A lokacin kakar, yana da kyau a ciyar da shi kowane wata tare da takin mai magani na ruwa (infusions na mullein ko tsutsar tsuntsaye), a haɗa su da shayarwa da kuma yin takin foliar da takin mai gina jiki. Shuka zata yi maka godiya.
Yankan
Idan ka yanke shawara don samar da tsire-tsire a cikin hanyar daji mai yawa, to a farkon shekarun bayan dasa shuki ya zama dole a cire duk ƙarancin harbe-harbe, a bar 2-3 daga cikin mafi tsananin ƙarancin harbi daga tushen ci gaban. Kyakkyawan daji ya ƙunshi rassa 10-15 na shekaru daban-daban.
Lokacin da girma na shekara-shekara na harbe-karbe bai fi 10 cm ba, sai su fara sake sabon abu, wanda ya kunshi cire duka mara karfi da karfi elongated harbe. Sauran an yanke su zuwa tsayin mitoci 2.5. Dole ne a bi dukkan wuraren manyan cutarwa tare da farar lambu.
Don mafi kyawun kayan kwalliyar Irga na Kanada, yakamata a ƙirƙira kambinta a cikin sifa mai ƙyalli lokacin datsawa. Sakamakon irin wannan pruning zai zama mai iko girma na matasa harbe tare da samuwar 'ya'yan itace buds.
An kafa Irgu Lamarca tare da bishiyoyi tare da bishiyoyi 3-5, sauran dukkanin ƙananan harbe ana cire su a duk lokacin. An rage rassan rassan kowace shekara.
Lokacin amfani da Kanada irgi wajen ƙirƙirar shinge, ya zama dole a yanke shi kowace shekara, ta rage haɓakar shekara zuwa 10-15 cm. Yankan shekara-shekara zai ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen reshe.
Sake haifuwa
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yada Irga Kanada:
- Tsaba. An girbe tsaba daga manyan, cikakkun 'ya'yan itace daga mafi yawan ciyawar daji. Ana barin 'ya'yan itacen su kwanta har tsawon mako guda, sannan kuma sai a cire irin, lokacin da suka rabu da kyau daga ɓangaren litattafan almara, Ana shuka iri a cikin kaka a shekarar girbi. Ana shuka tsaba a cikin huda, an shayar dasu da kyau, an rufe su da tsare. Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin bazara, dole ne a daidaita su na tsawon watanni 3 a cikin yashi a cikin ginshiki. Tare da kyakkyawar kulawa a cikin shekarar farko, tsirrai na iya kaiwa tsayin 10-15 cm, tsawon shekaru 2 tsayinsu zai kai 40 cm, bayan shekaru 2 ana dasa shukokin zuwa wuri na dindindin.
- Tushen zuriya... Tare da wannan hanyar haifuwa, ana amfani da tushen harbe. An rabu da mahaifar daji kuma an dasa shi zuwa wuri na dindindin. Lokacin dasawa shine bazara ko kaka.
- Green yankan. Sake haifuwa ta kore cuttings a canadensis yana da nasara sosai. Kashi 95% na yanke harbe suna da tushe.Ana yanke cuten kore yayin ci gaban harbe-harbe daga ƙarshen Yuni zuwa kwanaki goma na farkon Yuli. An yanke cuttings daga ɓangaren sama na rassan shekaru 5-6, tsawon adadin ya zama 12-15 cm Daga yankakken da aka sare, an cire ƙananan ganye, an bar biyu kawai na na sama. Ana sarrafa ƙananan yanke na cuttings a cikin asalin tsohuwar kuma an dasa shi ba da gangan a nesa na 5 cm daga juna.Yanke cutukan an dasa su a cikin wuraren shayarwa, inda ya zama dole a kula da danshi na iska a 70-80%. Rooting yana faruwa sama da kwanaki 20-25. Bayan rooting, an cire fim ɗin, kuma ci gaban tsire-tsire yana faruwa a sararin sama. Wajibi ne don yin shayarwa da ciyarwa akai-akai. Tsirrai suna shirye don dasa shuki a bazara mai zuwa.
- Sake haifuwa ta hanyar yin layi. Tare da wannan hanyar haifuwa, ana ɗaukar rassan shekara ɗaya zuwa biyu da kyau. An fi yin layuka a farkon bazara, da zaran ƙasa ta ba da izini. Ana yin Grooves kusa da daji, inda aka sa zaɓaɓɓun rassan. An liƙa harbe-harbe a ƙasa tare da tsaran karfe, ana taƙaita saman harbe. Bayan girma daga buɗaɗɗun rassan kore harbe zuwa tsayin 10-12 cm, ana yafa musu ƙasa da rabin tsawo, bayan kwana 20, ana maimaita aikin yayyafa da ƙasa. A cikin kaka, za a iya dasa tsire-tsire masu girma a wuri na dindindin.
- Sake haifuwa ta hanyar rarraba daji. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar lokacin da ya zama dole don dasa wani balagar daji zuwa wani wuri. An haƙa shukar a farkon lokacin bazara ko ƙarshen kaka, saiwar an 'yantar da ita daga ƙasa mai wuce gona da iri, an cire tsoffin rassa.Rhizome ya kasu kashi-kashi, an taƙaita tushen sai aka dasa shi a cikin ramin da aka shirya shi.
Kwari da cututtuka
Irga canadensis yana da tsayayya ga manyan cututtukan fungal da kwari. Yana iya shafar kwatarniyar ƙwarjin tsirrai masu currant, kyanwar fure na fure-fure. Suna cutar da ganye da gnaw fi na samari harbe. Don yaƙi da kwari lokacin sarrafa gonar, ba za ku manta da feshin ciyawar irgi ba.
A lokacin lokacin da ya girma na 'ya'yan itace, tsuntsaye suna cutar da shi sosai, wanda kuma yake son yin biki akan' ya'yan itace mai daɗi da mai daɗi. Za a iya rufe bishiyoyin matasa da raga don kauce wa asarar amfanin ƙasa. Lokacin da tsire-tsire sun riga sun girma, akwai wadatattun 'ya'yan itace ga kowa.
Vitamin - don amfanin gaba
Irga yana ba da fruita fruita kowace shekara kuma yana da yalwa, amma berriesa berriesan itacen ta sunyi girma ba daidai ba sabili da haka ana girbe su a matakai da yawa.
Rayuwar rayuwar rayuwar 'ya'yan itacen girbi gajere ne, kawai kwanaki 2-3, idan har an adana su a cikin wuri mai sanyi (ginshiki ko firiji).
Compotes, juices, preserves, jellies, ruwan inabi an shirya su daga 'ya'yan irgi masu zaki, sun bushe kuma sun daskare. Bishiyoyin Irgi, saboda rashin ƙarancin acid, ba su da ɗanɗano mai haske, amma suna da launi mai haske sosai. A cikin wannan haɗin, yana da kyau sosai a ƙara su a cikin kwalliya daga apples, pears da sauran fruitsa fruitsan itacen da ba su da launi bayyananne.
Ya kamata a ba da hankali musamman ga busassun 'ya'yan itacen irgi, ƙila za su iya maye gurbin tsabibi mai tsada. 'Ya'yan busassun' ya'yan itace suna riƙe da dukiyoyinsu na dogon lokaci. Ana ajiye su a cikin kwalba waɗanda aka rufe.
Halin halayyar irgi shine yawan amfanin ƙasa na ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga sabbin' ya'yan itace. Bayan kwanakin 5-7 na ajiya, ruwan 'ya'yan itace yayin aikin zai kasance zuwa 80%.
Wuraren da ba su da kyau
Ruwan ruwan Bergi na irgi yana da kyau ga idanu, zuciya, makogwaro, jijiyoyin jini. Ana amfani da ruwan 'ya'yan itace da aka shirya don shirya abubuwan sha na' ya'yan itace, abubuwan sha, jelly.
Ruwan Sugar
'Ya'yan itacen berry ɗin da ke kwance a wuri mai sanyi na mako guda an wanke su, an matse su, an gauraya da sukari a cikin rabo 1: 1. Atasa ruwan 'ya'yan akan karamin wuta har sai sukari ya narke gaba ɗaya, ba tare da kawowa ba. Ana zuba ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai zafi a cikin kwalba ko kwalabe na gilashi, an rufe shi kuma an adana shi a cikin wuri mai sanyi.
Ruwan halitta
Ana fitar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga cikin' ya'yan itacen da aka shirya, an zuba su a cikin kwalba na lita, an lika su na tsawon mintuna 15-20 kuma a nade su da murfi.
Irga canadian, saboda magani, dandano da halayen adon, ya cancanci wurin girmamawa a cikin lambun ko a ƙasar. Barin kadan ne, amma fa'idodi da annashuwa suna da yawa.