Kabeji na daya daga cikin kayan amfanin gona da aka fi sani. A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan wannan kayan lambu. Kowane irin nau'ikan yana da fa'ida da rashin amfani. A yau, yawancin shahararrun jinsunan ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin kabeji na Slava. Kuma wannan ba abin mamaki bane, noman sa da halayen wadatar sa sun ninka wasu albarkatun da dama.
Bayani da halaye na Slava iri-iri
Slava na ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin, tsakiyar lokacin iri na farin kabeji. An samo tsire-tsire a cikin karnin da ya gabata, a Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyyar Rasha ta Rasha game da Kiwan Kayan lambu. Marubucin shine EM Popov, wanda, lokacin da yake tsallaka samfuran ƙasashen waje, ya haifar da ƙananan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan Slava guda biyu: Gribovsky 231 da 1305. A cikin 1940, waɗannan nau'ikan an rarraba su zuwa duk yankuna na Rasha, inda, saboda kyawawan halayensu, suka sami babban shahara.
Babban halayen wannan nau'ikan sune yawa, juiciness da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Shugabannin kabeji suna da jan hankali, zagaye ko kuma an dan daidaita su. Ganye na waje kore ne mai haske, tare da waxan waxwo waxi mai waxwoyi, suna yawo a gefen gefen. Tsarin ciki na cokula masu yatsun ya ƙunshi kyan gani fari. Kowane yanki ana amfani dashi daidai sabo da aiki. Sun bambanta ne kawai a cikin alamun masu zuwa:
- Gribovsky 231. Zamanin girmar wannan ƙananan yakai kwanaki 100 - 110, bayan shukar. Matsakaicin nauyin cokali mai yatsa ya kusan kilo 3. Yawan aiki daga 1 sq. m. kai 9 - 10 kg.
- Girma 1305. Forks na wannan nau'ikan suna yin makonni 2 daga baya fiye da ƙananan ƙasashe. Koyaya, nauyin su kusan kilo 9 ne. Yawan amfanin ƙasa kuma ya fi girma kuma ya kai kilogiram 12. daga 1 sq. Amma a nan yana da kyau a lura cewa cokulan yadin ɗaukaka na 1305 ba su da yawa kuma sun fi muni lalacewa.
Kabeji na wannan nau'ikan kuma sanannen ɗanɗano ne da abubuwan amfani. 'Ya'yan itacen nata suna ɗauke da ɗimbin bitamin da ma'adinai.
Tsayawa kawunan kabeji bai fi watanni 4 ba. Sabili da haka, yawancin amfanin gona galibi ana amfani dashi don ferment.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani na nau'ikan
Da farko, masu kiwo sun yi ƙoƙarin haɓaka kayan lambu don yankuna na Rasha, inda ƙasar da ba chernozem ta fi yawa. Amma godiya ga halayen da aka ba su, ana horar da kayan lambu a duk yankuna na Tarayyar Rasha. Anan akwai kwatancen manyan fa'idodi iri-iri:
- juriya sanyi;
- halayen masu amfani;
- rashin daidaituwa ga ƙasa;
- juriya ga fatattaka;
- kyakkyawan zirga-zirga.
Duk da irin wannan ɗimbin kyawawan halaye, tsire-tsire har yanzu yana da nasa raunin. Abubuwan halaye marasa kyau sun haɗa da: rashin zaman lafiya don tushen keel kuma ba tsawon rayuwar 'ya'yan itace ba.
Dasa shuki
Kuna iya shuka kabejin Slava a cikin shuka da hanyar da ba ta shuka. A farkon lamari, ana shuka tsaba a cikin kwalaye a farkon Afrilu. Don aiwatar da hanyar da ba ta da iri, an shuka iri a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa a cikin shekaru goma na uku na Afrilu.
Ba tare da la'akari da wace hanyar da aka zaɓa ba, ana bada shawara don shirya tsaba kafin dasa shuki. Ana aiwatar da shi bisa ga makirci mai zuwa:
- Tsawon minti 10 - 15, ana sanya tsaba ta shuka cikin ruwa a zazzabin 55 - 60 ° C.
- Bayan haka, suna tsoma cikin danshi mai sanyi na minti 1.
- Sannan ana cika tsaba da maganin da aka shirya daga lita 10 na ruwa da gram 12 na awoyi 12. potassium humate.
- Bayan wannan lokacin, ya kamata a bushe su kuma sanya su a wuri mai sanyi a zafin jiki na 1 - 2 ° C.
Wata rana daga baya, suna shirye don saukowa.
Shuka dokoki
Matsayin mai mulkin, Slava kabeji mafi sau da yawa ana shuka shi a cikin seedlings. A saboda wannan dalili, an zuba ƙasa a cikin akwatunan da aka shirya, mai zurfin 5 - 6 cm. Bayan an shafa shi da kyau, ana kashe shi da maganin manganese. Bayan kwana 3, ana yin rami a cikin kwalaye a nesa na cm 3, zurfin zurfin cm 1. Bugu da ƙari, a matakai 1 cm, ana shuka iri, wanda dole ne a yayyafa shi da ƙasa kuma a shayar da shi da hanyar ɗigon ruwa. Bayan haka, kafin harbe-harben farko su bayyana, ana saka akwatunan a wuri mai dumi, tare da tsarin zazzabi na 18 - 20 ° C. Da zaran farkon tsiro ya bayyana, ana jujjuya akwatin zuwa windowsill, wanda ya kamata hasken rana ya haskaka shi sosai kuma yana da yanayin zafin jiki na 10 - 12 ° C.
Idan ka rasa ganin tsarin zazzabi, to tsirowar kabeji nan take zata miƙe, wanda hakan zai haifar da nakasu da mutuwar tsiron.
Bayan shukar suna da ganyaye 5 masu karfi, ana dasa su zuwa bude kasa.
Bukatun ƙasa don dasa shuki
Kabeji na Slava na iya girma akan kowane nau'in ƙasa. Amma, bisa ga shawarwarin masana, mafi kyawun alamun amfanin gona mai yiwuwa ne a kan ƙasa mai ni'ima, tare da kusa da ruwan karkashin ƙasa. Mafi kyawun zaɓi ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin pH na acidity na ƙasa - 6.7 - 7.4.
Yana da kyau a dasa kabeji a wuraren da suka girma a da:
- kokwamba;
- karas;
- legumes;
- dankali;
- hatsi.
Magabata marasa kyau sune:
- tumatir;
- gwoza;
- daddawa
Hakanan ba a ba da shawarar shuka kabeji a kan wannan shafin a kowace shekara ba. Matsakaici tsakanin dasa shuki ya zama shekaru 3-4.
Iri-iri kulawa bayan dasa
Yawancin masu noman kayan lambu masu ba da labari, lokacin dasa tsiran kabeji, suna yin kuskuren da ba za a iya gyara su ba, wanda, a sakamakon haka, ke haifar da samuwar harbin fure. Don kauce wa wannan, ba shi yiwuwa a ba da izinin:
- dasa shuki na tsire-tsire;
- inuwa daga wurin sauka;
- yawan danshi.
Domin amfanin gona na kayan lambu ya bunkasa daidai a buyayyar kasa, ya zama dole ayi aikin agrotechnical a cikin lokaci mai kyau. Kulawa ya haɗa da:
- Shayarwa. Kabeji al’ada ce mai son danshi, don haka ya kamata a sha ruwa a kalla sau 7 - 8 a wata.
- Ragewa. Domin tsire-tsire su sami isasshen adadin oxygen, bayan kowace ruwa, ya zama dole a tsire ƙasar.
- Illingaddamarwa. Wannan hanya za ta inganta samuwar tushen harbe, saboda abin da kayan lambu za su sami karin abubuwan gina jiki.
- Top miya. Don samun ƙarin microelements, ana bada shawara akan hada nitrogen makonni 2 bayan dasa shuki. A lokacin samuwar da cokula masu yatsotsi - phosphorus da potassium ma'adanai.
Amma, duk da kiyaye duk ayyukan agrotechnical, cututtuka daban-daban na iya haifar da raguwar yawan amfanin ƙasa ko rashin rashi cikakke.
Cututtuka da rigakafin su
Don rage haɗarin mutuwar tsire-tsire, ya zama dole a gudanar da rigakafin cututtuka a kan kari. Tebur mai zuwa zai taimaka muku daidai gano cutar a matakan farko da gano matakan magance ta.
Sunan cutar | Kwayar cututtuka | Hanyoyin rigakafi da sarrafawa |
Kabeji keel | An kafa nau'o'in girma daban-daban akan tushen shukar. | Kafin sauka, ana kula da wurin saukarwa da lemun tsami, a cikin rabo na kilogiram 1. ta 4 sq.m. |
Peronosporosis | Wuraren rawaya da launin toka sun bayyana a saman sassan ganyayyakin, kuma fararen fure a ƙasan. | Don rigakafin, an lalata ƙasa. Game da rashin lafiya yi amfani da magani "Fitoftorin". |
Fusarium | Ganyen shuka ya zama rawaya ya bushe gaba daya. | Ana cire shuke-shuken da ke dauke da cutar ta hanyar tushe, kuma ana kula da wurin dasa shi tare da kayan aikin gwari na benzimidazole. |
Kwarin kwari galibi sune ke haifar da kamuwa da cuta. Sabili da haka, lokacin da suka fara bayyana, ana kula da shuka da sinadarai.
Dokokin girbi da ajiya
Bishiyar 'ya'yan itace tana faruwa a hankali. Girbin kabeji yana farawa a ƙarshen Yuli kuma yana ɗaukar makonni 2.
Ana amfani da lalatattun da kuma fasassun cokula masu yashi, ana barin 'ya'yan itacen duka don ajiya.
An adana al'adun kayan lambu a cikin ɗakin ajiya ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- rataye daga rufi;
- kwanciya a cikin tsarin dubawa akan allon bushe masu tsabta;
- sanyawa a cikin kwalaye na ƙugiya.
Ba tare da la'akari da hanyar da aka zaɓa ba, kafin aika kawunan kabeji zuwa ɗakin ajiya, dole ne a bushe su da kyau kuma a nannade cikin takarda mai tsabta.
Ba a ba da shawarar kunsa shuka da abinci ko kunshin filastik, kamar yadda a wannan yanayin sandaro zai faru, wanda zai ba da gudummawa ga ruɓewarta.
A matsakaici, ana ajiye 'ya'yan itatuwa na kimanin watanni 3-4. Don ƙara rayuwar shiryayye, yawan zafin jiki a cikin cellar ya kamata a ajiye shi kusa da 0 ° C, kuma ƙwarin iska ya zama aƙalla 90%.
Bayan la'akari da duk kyawawan halaye, hanyoyin dasa shuki da sifofin namo, zaku iya tabbatar da kanku cewa kabeji Slava ba tsire-tsire ba ne. Dangane da dukkan shawarwarin, wannan kayan lambu na iya farantawa kowane mai shuka kayan lambu abinci mai kyau, mai daɗi da lafiya.