Apricot tsohon lokaci ne ba kawai na yankunan kudu ba, ana shuka shi da farin ciki daga masu lambu na yankunan arewa... Wannan kyakkyawar bishiyar mai fruitsa fruitsan itacen rana tana da daraja don sauƙinta, kodayake ana kulawa da ita a bazara da kaka.
Yadda za a kula da apricot a cikin bazara, bazara da faɗuwa
Itacen apricot na buƙatar kulawa shekara-shekara, wanda ya shafi shayarwa, ciyarwa, pruning. Amma duk yana farawa tare da dacewa daidai.
Dasa shuki daidai shine mabuɗin girbi na gaba
Don dasa bishiyar apricot, yankin da aka ɗaukaka ya dace, an kiyaye shi daga sanyi mai sanyi arewa da yamma, tare da zurfin ruwan ƙasa. A cikin filaye, inda iska mai sanyi, dusar ƙanƙara da danshi suka taru, apricots ba zasu iya rayuwa ba. Yakamata masu aikin lambu na Siberia da Ural su kasance suna mai da hankali musamman ga wurin da bishiyar take "mazaunin": a lokacin bazara, lokacin da dusar kankara ta sauya tare da sanyi, akwai babban hadari na tattarewar danshi a kusa da akwati da kuma daskarewa daga tushen abin wuya.
Ana aiwatar da dasa shuki a cikin bazara, kafin burodin ya kumbura. An shirya ramuka na dasawa a gaba, zai fi dacewa daga kaka... Girman su a duk inda yake yakai cm 70 - 80. Idan kun shirya shuka shuke-shuke da yawa, ku bar kimanin mita 4 - 5 tsakanin ramuka.
Dogaro da yumbu, yashi da cakuda tsakuwa ko tsakuwa, tare da ƙaramin juzu'i, dole ne a zuba akan ƙasan. Wannan "matashin" yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da magudanan ruwa mai kyau.
Zuba guga 1.5 - 2 na rubabben taki ko humus... Sannan ana amfani da takin mai ma'adinai - potash, phosphorus, nitrogen, yana yiwuwa a hade. Zaka iya ƙara 0.5 - 1 kilogiram na itacen toka da kilogiram 1 na superphosphate. Yana da mahimmanci kar a cika shi a nan: apricot zai fi dacewa da haƙurin rashin takin mai magani fiye da yawan su... Tabbas an zuba ƙasa a saman taki don kare matasa daga ƙonewa.
Don dasa shuki, an zabi shuki - yara masu shekara daya tare da ingantaccen tsarin tushen su, ƙaya (kututture daga haja), rassa masu ƙarfi da yawa, a sarari, suna yin kusurwa tare da tushe na kusan 450.
Ya kamata a ba da tsire-tsire iri iri masu ƙaya. Suna da banbanci kawai ga shuke-shuke da ke tsiro da daji.
Kusa da seedling, an ƙara fegi-tallafi a cikin ramin shuka. Daga baya, an haɗa reshen da aka dasa don bishiyar ta tsiro a tsaye, kuma har ma ana samun ƙwarjini.
An saukar da tsire-tsire a cikin rami, an baza asalinsu kuma an rufe su da ƙasa, a hankali kuma a hankali ana murƙushe ƙasa. Ya kamata a sa tushen abin wuya da ƙasa... Bayan haka, ana yin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsalle tare da gefen ramin kuma an zuba lita 15 - 20 na ruwa.
Nan da nan bayan dasa shuki, ana yanka harbi zuwa 40 cm sama da ƙasa... Bayan kwanaki 5-7, ana ɗaure ɗanɗano a hankali da goyon baya.
Masana na da yakinin cewa, ba a hada shi da itacen apricot ba, amma ya girma ne daga dutse, ya fi dacewa da yanayin yanayi, ba shi da bukatar fasahar noma da kulawa. 'Ya'yan itacen daga irin wannan bishiyar suna da tsayayya ga cututtuka da kwari.
Kulawar yanayi
A tsari, kulawar apricot na lokaci yayi kama da wannan:
- Bazara - pruning, tsabtatawa na lalacewar sanyi da sakawa tare da farar lambu, farin fata na gangar jikin da kuma rassan kwarangwal, manyan kayan miya, ban ruwa.
- Bazara - shayarwa, kariya daga cututtuka da kwari, a cikin tsire-tsire masu girma - tallafi na rassa, mai nauyin girbi na gaba.
- Faduwa - maimaita lemun tsami magani na akwati da kwarangwal rassan, ciyar, shiri don hunturu.
Yankan
Ana yin itacen bishiyar Apricot a bazara... Cire:
- gajere mai haihuwa shekara-shekara harbe;
- rassa suna girma a waje ko cikin kambin;
- mai rauni da girma girma.
Don haka, rawanin an cire shi, an samar da wadataccen haske kuma an haɓaka haɓakar rassan 'ya'yan itace.
Yawancin lokaci, ƙirƙirar kambi mara nauyi tare da rassa 7-8 na tsari na farko... Kadan sau da yawa - a cikin siffar kwano da aka daidaita a saman, irin wannan kambi yana ba da gudummawa ga girbi na farko na kyawawan 'ya'yan itatuwa. Idan an dasa shukar a kusa da bango, an kafa rawanin fan, yankan gefen harbe.
Yara suna da shekaru 2-4 yanke wuce gona da iri da haɓaka yadda ya kamata shekara-shekara. A cikin shekaru 2-3 masu zuwa gajarta rassan ta kusan na ukun da na bakin ciki, suna yin kambi. Bugu da ari Ana yanke rassan bearinga fruitan itace annua bearingan shekara 30% tare da tsawon... Cire tsohuwar (ba 'ya'yan itace), bushe, karkatacciya, karye, mara ƙanƙantar da harbe-harben samari.
'Ya'yan itacen apricot an kafa su da yawa, a matsayin mai mulkin, akan rassa biyu - uku. Saboda haka, yankan itace bai kamata ya zama mai tsanani ba.
Lokacin da ci gaban shekara-shekara ya ragu ko ya tsaya, ana buƙatar datti mai tsufa.
Shayarwa
Rashin nutsuwa na ruwa a asalin an hana shi amfani da apricot. Wannan yana cike da ruɓuwarsu da mutuwar itacen. A lokaci guda, tsire-tsire yana shan wahala yayin lokacin bushewa daga ƙarancin danshi a cikin ƙasa da iska. Yakamata a shayar da shukar baligi aƙalla sau 4 a kowane yanayi, mafi yawanci a cikin watannin bazara.
Kafin yin furanni, zubar da yalwa a karo na farko, mai motsawa mai ban sha'awa. Sake sake shayarwa bayan fure, wannan yana da fa'ida mai amfani ga bayyanar adadi mai yawa na ovaries da samari matasa.
Na uku watering ake bukata domin ci gaba da samuwar manyan 'ya'yan itace, tare da babban dandano. Sannan shayar, idan ya cancanta, ba tare da bushewa ba. Amma daga watan Agusta itacen ya fara shiri don dormancy, an rage ƙarfin shayarwa.
Ba a buƙatar kaka da damuna kafin lokacin sanyi don apricot kuma har ma ana hana shi.... Banda keɓaɓɓu yanayi ne lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe kuma teburin ruwa ya ƙasa sosai fiye da tushen bishiyar.
Ana shirya don hunturu
A cikin sararin samaniya na gargajiya, yankin Moscow da ke noman apricot ya kafa kansa a matsayin mai tsananin sanyi. Amma, sabo ne da bishiyoyi matasa, musamman ma a yankuna masu tsauri, suna buƙatar rufi.
Ana dasa shuki na shekara-shekara tare da rassa, rassan spruce, reeds, suna gyara komai akan firam. Bishiyoyin da suka girma suna spud, kuma an nade kututture (mai tushe), misali, burlap.
Kariya daga cututtuka da kwari
Kwarin apricot
Aphids, hothorn caterpillars, kifin zinare baƙar fata - wadannan sune manyan "makiya" na wannan mazaunin lambun.
- Da aphids amfani dandelion, ash da taba infusions. Ana fesa su akan bishiyoyin da abin ya shafa da kuma kusa da su. Idan akwai 'yan aphids kadan, ana iya lalata shi ta hanyar masarufi; da yawan yaduwar aphid, zai fi kyau a cire ganyen a kona su.
- Tare da kwari na hawthorn malam buɗe ido Har ila yau, yaƙe-yaƙe.
- Laran tsutsar kifin zinare, zama a cikin tushen tsarin, yana da ikon lalata shuka mai girma. Rigakafin bayyanar kwaro shine maganin kaka na rassan rassan, akwati da da'irar gwaiba tare da ruwan Bordeaux.
Cututtuka
Apricots, kamar sauran bishiyoyi masu 'ya'ya, suna da saukin kamuwa da cuta, fungal da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta:
- Kwayar cuta ta kwayar cutar apricot - annular "smallpox", kwayar cutar wulakanci, mosaic apricot.
- Naman gwari - cytosporosis, 'ya'yan itace launin toka, tsatsa.
Ana ɗaukar ƙwayoyin cuta ta hannun mai kula da lambu ko tare da kayan aikin lambu. saboda haka babban aikin rigakafi - amfani da tsaftatattun kayan aikin tsafta don ayyuka daban-daban da suka danganci alluran rigakafi, datsewa, sarrafawa. Dole ne a wanke kayan aikin kuma a kashe su.
Za a kiyaye rigakafin daga kamuwa daga ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta ta zafin jiki na mintina goma a zazzabi na kusan digiri 50.
Me yasa dasa apricot?
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari bishiyoyi suna yaduwa ta hanyar dasawa don samun shuke-shuke tare da ingantattun halaye masu bambanci.
Nau'in kudanci kamar su apricots an sanya su cikin waɗanda suka dace da mummunan yanayi, don kara juriyar 'yan kudu ga yanayi mai sanyi.
Shin zai yiwu a dasa apricot a kan plum?
Don jari, kuna buƙatar zaɓar lafiyayye, bishiya mai ƙarfi shekaru 3-6, tare da akwati 3-9 cm a diamita... Ya fi dacewa a dasa apricot a kan kayan 'ya'yan itacen dutse.
- Mashahurin amfani da ceri plum... Gwanin ya sami tushe a sauƙaƙe, kuma ana ɗaukar marmarin ɗanɗanon ɗanɗano ga 'ya'yan itacen.
- Ana la'akari da Plum a matsayin jari mai nasara.... Yankan “ba sa rikici” kuma suna girma tare da sauri, itacen ya yi tauri, ba a samun ci gaba a wurin dasawa.
- A kan nuna, ko mafi kyau a kan ƙaya, An dasa danshi na apricot a kusa da abin wuya - don rage yawan girman tushen.
- Ana amfani da peach don graft, amma yanayin rayuwa ya fi na plums da cherry plums, kuma wannan zaɓin ya dace kawai ga yankunan kudu.
- Cherry da wuya an dasa shi, saboda daga baya dole ka karfafa rassan masu rauni.
Amma mafi kyawun jari don yankewar apricot akwai sauran apricot.
Yaushe za ku iya yin alurar riga kafi a cikin yankin Moscow da sauran yankuna?
Kuna iya shuka apricots daga bazara zuwa kaka. Yana da mahimmanci cewa yanayin ya bushe kuma yayi dumi kuma rana tana ɓoye a bayan gajimare.
Alurar rigakafin bazara na ba da kyakkyawan sakamako... Yayin gudan ruwan itace mai aiki, yankan yana girma tare cikin sauki kuma yana sarrafawa don samun karfi akan bazara.
Alurar riga kafi a lokacin rani mai ɗumi kuma lokaci ne mai kyau.... Ffarancin lokacin yin girma tare, musamman a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau na dogon lokaci.
A cikin kaka a cikin lokacin dumi zaka iya gwada daddawa da kara. Amma akwai babban haɗarin sanyi kafin scion ya girma tare da hannun jari kuma ya ƙara ƙarfi. Irin wannan yankan ya mutu.
Yadda za'a zabi hannun jari daidai
Tushen dasawa da itacen nan gaba shine jari. Daga gare ta, shukar ta gaji haihuwa, juriya ga mahalli masu wahala, da tsawon rai.
Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci a zaɓi tushen tushe don yankan apricot.:
- jituwa tare da scion, mai tsayayya da sanyi;
- undemanding zuwa yanayin danshi na ƙasa;
- saba zuwa yanayin yanayin yanayin gida;
- mallakan mai iko ɓullo da tushen tsarin,
- ba ya raunana kuma ba ya kamuwa karin kwari ko ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, tsire-tsire masu lafiya ne kawai.
Akwai ginshiƙan tushe waɗanda aka horar, na daji, masu rauni da ƙarfi, shuke-shuke da iri.
Don samfurin, itace da aka girma musamman, girma a daji, itacen da ya karye, ko kuma kawai nau'ikan / samfurin da basu yi nasara ba.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
Babban hanyoyin grafting apricots:
- ga haushi;
- a cikin wani bangare na gefe;
- cikin tsaguwa;
- budding;
- ingantaccen cupula.
Yadda ake dasa apricot daidai
An harbe harbe don scion a ƙarshen kaka. Kada kayi amfani da rassa na bakin ciki, mai ciwo, mai rauni. An nannade cikin fim, an bar shi a cikin dusar ƙanƙara don hunturu, ko adana shi a cikin ginshiki a cikin yanayin sanyi, mai danshi - sawdust, shavings, yashi, peat, rags. Jiƙa kafin inoculation.
A kowane mataki, ana amfani da kayan aiki mai kaifi wanda ba shi da illa.
Fasa dasa
An yanke itace, ana yin ƙaramin rabewa a tsakiya. An shigar da scion a ciki sosai. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar idan scion ya fi na hannun jari ƙanana..
Cupulka
Rootstock da scion na daidai diamita sun dace da cupulae. Yankunan yankan suna hade da juna kuma an gyara su... Irin wannan allurar tana kama da kara guda.
Haushi dasawa
Don dasawa, bawon an lanƙwashe kuma an ɗan raba shi zuwa ga tarnaƙi (kamar mai ɗaukar hoto). An saka scion a cikin ramin, an rufe bawon kuma an nannade shi da ƙarfi.
Girma da dokoki don ciyar da itace
Kamar yadda muka fada a sama, kuna buƙatar kula da apricot. Kamar sauran tsirrai, 'ya'yan itacen apricot suna buƙatar ƙarin takin zamani tare da takin mai ma'adinai na asali - phosphorus, nitrogen, potash.
- Karkashin bishiyoyi matasa a cikin bazara, an gabatar da 50-70 g na ammonium nitrate, a kaka - guga na humus, takin ko taki, kimanin 140 g na superphosphate 35 g na potassium chloride.
- Apricots shekaru 4-5 "Ciyar" kashi biyu na taki.
- A shekaru 6-8 an kara kudi kadan kadan, kuma bishiyoyi masu shekaru 10 tuni suna bukatar bokitai 8-9 na kwayoyin, 250g na potash, 900g na phosphorus da 400g na takin nitrogen.
Fesa-feshi a farkon kaka rauni mai rauni na takin nitrogen zai inganta fure a bazara mai zuwa kuma ya kara yawan kwayayen.
Hakanan apricots ma suna buƙatar tsari na musamman. A cikin bazara suna buƙatar ciyar da su tare da microelements.: feshi da takin mai dauke da ƙarfe, manganese sulfate da mafita na boric acid.
Yana da amfani lokaci-lokaci ya yayyafa lemun tsami a kan sararin da ke ƙarƙashin ganga kuma a rufe shi da ciyawa.
Apricot na bukatar hankalin mai kula da lambu. Amma ya biya kulawa tare da girbi mai yawa, wanda zai iya farantawa itacen a shekara ta biyar ta rayuwa... Kuma kowane lokacin rani yana jin ƙamshi mai dadi, farin farin rawaya apricot.