Kowane Berry berry shine shagon bitamin mara kwantantuwa, tushe don kyawawan shirye-shiryen gida, shan 'ya'yan itace da cikewa da pies. Ba tare da wuce gona da iri ba, girbi mai kyau, mai yalwa na puffy, tukunyar-ciki, 'ya'yan itace masu ƙyalli shine sha'awar kowane mai lambu. Gaskiya ne, tare da dama iri-iri na daji, la'akari da yanayi, da kulawa mai kyau a gare su.
Amma, currants yana da babbar maƙiyi - ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke rage yawan aiki, ko kuma ya kawar da duk ƙoƙarin mazaunin bazara... Babban kwari da akayi rijista akan bishiyar Berry sune aphids da mites na koda. Bushewa ko mirgina ganye da harbewa na iya zama farkon alamun kamuwa da tsire-tsire. Bari mu ga dalilin da ya sa irin waɗannan kwari suka bayyana, abin da za a yi da yadda za a magance su?
Me yasa ganyen currant ya zama rawaya da bushe
Abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar daji, wanda ganyaye da sabbin ɓaure suka fara bushewa, galibi sune cututtukan fungal da kwari.
Babban cututtukan da ke cutar currant sune:
- miyar gizo-gizo;
- mite na koda;
- gilashin gilashin currant;
- currant leaf gall midge;
- currant shoot gall midge;
- ganyen gall aphid;
- guzberi harba aphid.
Currants ba shi da lafiya daga cututtuka masu zuwa:
- spheroteka;
- anthracnose;
- cutar sankarau;
- tsatsa kuma
- tsatsan gwal.
Mafi sau da yawa, bishiyoyin currant suna fama da nau'o'in aphids da ƙwayoyin koda.
Ciwan koda, hanyoyin ma'amala da shi
Wannan kwaro yana rayuwa akan gandun daji a tsawon rayuwarsa. Karamin karamin kwari, tsayin jikin mace yakai mm 1.5-3 kawai, kuma mazan sunada karami... Kwarin kwata-kwata suna kwanciya kuma suna yin ƙwai a cikin bishiyar shukar. Lokacin da tsutsa suka yi ƙyanƙyashe, babu isasshen sarari a gare su, bi da bi, suna matsawa zuwa maƙwabtan buds, suna ɗaukar sabbin harbe-harbe. Ta haka ne, dukkanin currant daji ya shafa, sannan kuma makwabtan currant bushes da sauran shuke-shuke - raspberries, gooseberries da sauransu - suma suna rashin lafiya.
Tabbas, harbi baya ci gaba idan kwaro ya same shi. Idan irin waɗannan rassa sun girma, to kawai a cikin maye gurbi. Dangane da haka, yawan amfanin ƙasa kuma yana raguwa. Baya ga rage yawan 'ya'yan itace, mites kuma suna haifar da wata illa. Suna ɗaukar ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa waɗanda zasu iya cutar da tsire-tsire, gami da ƙwayoyin cuta ko yin yawo.... A cikin wannan cutar, ganyayyakin suna lanƙwasawa kuma suna makale, kusan kamar aphids.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don ma'amala da kaska wadanda suka daidaita kan ka'idodi:
Zuba ruwan zãfi
Hanyar magance matsalar shine mafi kyawun mahalli kuma mafi tsada. Hanyar tana da tasiri sosai - duk tsutsa tana mutuwa yayin ƙonawa, kuma daji yana kara karfi da karfi.
Amfani da ruwan zãfi yana da nasa nuances:
- babu buƙatar amfani da ruwan zãfi, isasshen zafin jiki 60-80 digiri;
- zai zama mafi dacewa don zuba akan rassan idan daura su wuri daya;
- farashi ya fara aiki da hasken farko, idan daji ya riga ya fara furanni, to ba za ku iya shayar da shi da ruwan zãfi ba... Dole ne a aiwatar da aiki kafin bayyanuwar "haze kore";
- dousing iya kuma bugu da inari a ƙarshen kaka.
Cirewar hannu
Wannan hanyar na bukatar natsuwa da haƙuri. Rarraba da buds domin cire kaska ya kamata a yi a farkon bazara, kafin buɗe su.
Wannan hanyar tana da mahimman illoli biyu.... Na farko, yana da matukar wahala a rarrabe koda mai lafiya ta gani daga wacce larvae ke labe. Abu na biyu, akwai babban yiwuwar yanke cikakkiyar cikakkiyar harbe-harbe, musamman a ƙarshen duba shuka.
Lokacin zabar wannan hanyar, duk ƙwayoyin da aka cire dole ne a tattara su a cikin guga ɗaya a kona su.
Sinadarin sulphur
Shirye-shiryen shahararrun masarufi masu tasiri sune:
- kolloidal sulfur;
- lemun tsami-sulfuric.
Ticky ba zai iya jure wa sulphur a kowane nau'i ba. Yin feshin rigakafi tare da maganin sulphur yana da tabbacin cewa kwari ba za su zauna a kan daji ba.
Idan tsirewar ta shafi mummunan abu, to kuna buƙatar shirya maganin sulphur daidai gwargwado na gram 10 a kowace lita 1 na ruwa, kuma ku kula da shuka da shi. Ana kula da daji da sulfur sau biyu:
- kafin fure ko a farkon, ana amfani da maganin 2%;
- bayan flowering - 1% ko 1.5% cakuda tare da sulfur.
Akwai babban haɗarin kasancewa a cikin shekarar sarrafawa ta wannan hanyar ba tare da amfanin gona ba, kodayake wadannan sunadarai gaba daya suna lalata duka kaska da kanta da kuma cututtukan fungal... Yana da mahimmanci a bi shawarwarin da aka ayyana a cikin umarnin don abubuwan sunadarai don yin aiki da matakan aminci lokacin aiki tare da shi.
Yankan
Wannan mawuyacin hali ne, mai girman gaske. Idan kaska ba zato ba tsammani ta zama mai juriya da komai a duniya, kuma wannan, kodayake yana da matukar wuya, amma yana faruwa, ana sare tsiron zuwa tushen a ƙarshen kaka, ko kuma an tono shi gaba ɗaya, ma'ana, an lalace gaba ɗaya.
Bayan lalata daji mai cutar, haka kuma bayan an yi masa yankan, duk kayan aikin da aka gudanar da aikin dole ne a kashe su, idan za ta yiwu, yana da kyau a sake haɗa shi ƙari.
Magungunan gargajiya da hanyoyi
Da dadewa yi yaƙi tare da mites tare da tafarnuwa... Kawai an dasa shi a cikin daji, yana ƙirƙirar wani irin shinge akan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Hakanan, an harbe harbin da abin ya shafa tare da romon tafarnuwa mai tsayi - gram 200-300 na bawon tafarnuwa a cikin lita 10 na ruwa.
Idan furanni ya riga ya fara, to ana fesa daji da kayan marmari daga shuke-shuke kamar:
- taba tsire-tsire ne, amma taba da ake amfani da ita wajen samarwa kuma ta dace;
- dandelion;
- Gyada
Amfani da ɗan shayi mai sauƙi ya tabbatar da kansa sosai.
Ta amfani da girke-girke na jama'a, kuna buƙatar tuna cewa waɗannan matakan suna da kyau tare da ɗan yaɗa ƙwanƙwasa. Idan yankin da kwaron ya shafa yana da girma, to ya kamata a dauki matakai masu inganci.
Babu wani abu mafi kyau don rigakafin ayyukan kaska kamar acaricides... Wannan layi ne na zamani mai dauke da sinadarai masu dauke da dimbin ayyuka, wanda ke nufin taimakawa ba wai kawai yakar kaska ba, har ma da wasu kwari da yawan cututtuka. An gabatar da shirye-shiryen sosai a kowane ɗayan shagunan lambu kuma cikakken madadin sulfur ne, yana da tasirinsa, amma ba tare da cutar daji ba.
Abfids a kan farin, baki da ja currants, yadda ake yaki?
Idan kumburi ya bayyana akan ganyen ja ko fari currants, kuma ganyen currant na baƙar an dunƙule cikin bututu. Wannan yana nuna kayen shuke-shuke da irin wannan cutar kamar aphids.
Aphids yawanci sukan zauna akan bishiyoyin farare da ja iri:
- ja-gall;
- currant gashi.
Black guzberi aphid yana son irin wannan.
Hadari ga tsire-tsire masu cuta kuma mafi dacewa ga aphids sune yanayin yanayi kamar:
- bushe;
- zafi;
- rana.
Duk kwanakin ban mamaki don shakatawa a cikin ƙasa, kamar ana nufin su don gasa da yankan ciyawa, ba mutane kawai ke ƙaunata ba, har ma da aphids. Wajibi ne a yaƙi wannan kwaro koyaushe, tunda tsarin rayuwar mutum gajere ne ƙwarai, kuma a lokacin bazara, zai iya canzawa daga ƙarni 10 zuwa 15 a cikin kwari ɗaya.
Aphid din da ya zauna akan currant dan karamin kwari ne, a matsakaita, tsayin jiki bai wuce 2.2 mm ba. A cikin cunkoson kusa, kwari suna kama da facin haske mai launin toka, rawaya ko koren tabarau.
Aphids suna ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace na ganyen currant, suna cizon su daga baya. Ko da karamin sulhu na waɗannan kwari suna ɗaukar kuzari da yawa daga daji., yana rage muhimmanci ba kawai yawan amfanin ƙasa ba, har ma girma da ci gaban currants.
Sharar aphids ita ce zumar zuma, ko, kamar yadda ake kira shi, saƙar zuma - abincin da aka fi so na tururuwa. Ba daidai ba ne ra'ayi cewa tururuwa suna cin aphids, suna taimakawa mazaunin rani don yaƙar ta. Ba haka bane kwata-kwata. akasin haka, tururuwa a hankali tana kare yankuna kwari har ma suna yada aphids, suna tura su zuwa sabbin harbe-harbe da kuma bishiyoyin makwabta.
Aphids da tururuwa sune alamomin yanayi na jinsuna, sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci, fara yaƙi da aphids, don lalata tururuwa.
Kuna iya kawar da yankunan mulkin mallaka a cikin shahararrun hanyoyin masu zuwa:
- lura da kumburarrun ganye akan bishiyoyi, harbe-harbe tare da jujjuyawar ganyayyaki, kuna buƙatar su nan, ba tare da jinkirtawa ba, yanke kuma ƙone;
- yana taimakawa sosai fesawa dazuzzuka da sarrafa kowane ganye tare da jiko na toka da makhorka, an shirya shi a cikin irin wannan rabo - gram 400-500 na lita 10 na ruwa;
- kyakkyawan sakamako yana bada wanke hannu kowane takarda sannan kuma a fesa dukkan tsiron da maganin sabulu da soda - sabulu mai yawa da babban cokali na soda a kowace lita ta ruwa;
- celandine mai guba ne ga masu cutar fata, sabili da haka, bayan an shirya jiko a cikin kashi 3.5-4 kilogiram na sabon celandine da aka yanka a kowace lita 10 na ruwa, zaku iya fesa dawa, dukkansu sun riga sun yi tasiri da kuma lafiyar jiki, amma kuna buƙatar sa safar hannu da numfashi, tunda celandine na iya haifar da tsananin damuwa;
- kawai a wanke kowane ganye da sabulu kuma tserewa, gida ɗaya shine mafi kyau.
Baya ga waɗannan hanyoyin da aka yarda da su kuma masu sauƙi, ana iya amfani da magungunan ƙwari da magungunan ƙwari akan aphids, kamar:
- vofatox;
- karbofos;
- kinmix;
- aktara;
- rokyvoort.
Jerin magungunan da masana'antar ke bayarwa ga masu lambu ta masana'antar tana da girma da yawa, amma duk wanda kuka zaba, lallai ne ku fesa daji sau uku:
- a lokacin bazara, kafin hutun toho;
- bayan bayyanar ganye;
- a lokacin rani, kimanin wata daya kafin ɗaukan 'ya'yan itace (Yuli - Agusta, dangane da iri-iri).
Don matakan kariya, don fara tsoratar da aphids, yana da kyau a dasa tsire-tsire kusa da currants wanda baya haƙuri:
- albasa;
- dill;
- tumatir;
- tafarnuwa;
- mint;
- faski;
- basil;
- coriander;
- tansy;
- marigold.
Zai fi amfani sosai wajen amfani da cikakkun matakai, gami da ganowa da baiting tururuwa. Yin kawar da aphids gaba daya yana da wahala, amma mai yiwuwa ne.
Mene ne idan currant ya bushe?
Akwai dalilai da yawa saboda abin da bushes na iya fara zama rawaya da bushe, amma duk ana iya raba su gida uku:
- yanayin yanayi;
- aikin kwari;
- cututtukan shuka.
Sanadin halitta sun hada da yanayi, kamar fari. Wurin da ba daidai ba a inda daji yake girma yana da rana sosai kuma yana bushe, ko kuma, akasin haka, dusar danshi, wanda ke haifar da ruɓewar asalinsu.
Kwarin da ke cutar currant sune sanadin bushewar ganye. Baya ga cututtukan gargajiya, tururuwa da malam buɗe ido na haifar da cututtukan shuka.
Cututtukan da ke haifar da bushewar shuka yawanci kwari ne ke ɗaukar su. Mafi na kowa su ne:
- vesa da taguwar mosaics;
- anthracnose, fungal cuta wanda ke buƙatar aiki nan da nan;
- powdery mildew, da Turawa da Amurkawa;
- cercosporosis;
- tsatsa, da gwal da kuma columnar.
Idan asalin bushewar currants ya kasance ne saboda dalilai na yanayi, misali, a lokacin zafi mai zafi da rana, to yana da sauƙin magance shi. Kuna buƙatar samar da shayarwa. Suna shan daji da yawa, daga bokiti 1.5 zuwa 2 x kowace rana... A lokacin lokacin girbin 'ya'yan itace, dole ne a kara yawan ruwan da shuka ta karba zuwa bokiti uku.
Ba za ku iya shayar da currant da ruwan sanyi ba, daga irin wannan kulawa shukar na iya yin rashin lafiya. Ruwan ya kamata ya dumama sosai a rana. Don yin wannan, zaku iya buga shi da safe, kuna barin shi don rana.
Idan daji ya bushe saboda lalacewar asalinsu, saboda ambaliyar su, wanda ya saba da lokacin rani mai ruwa sosai, ayyukan ya zama kamar haka:
- zuba ƙasa a ƙarƙashin shuka;
- tona rami magudanar ruwa a kewayen daji, nesa da 50-60 cm.
Bayan kammala ruwan sama mai karfi, lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe, dole ne a cika layin magudanan ruwa, tunda currants tsire ne mai son danshi, kuma a ƙarƙashin yanayi na yau da kullun baya buƙatar magudanar ruwa.
Idan bishiyoyin sun bushe saboda kuskuren kwari ko cututtuka, to dole ne a ɗauki matakan da suka dace.
Ba kowane mazaunin rani na zamani bane yake fahimtar nau'ikan kwari ko cututtukan tsire-tsire iri-iri. saboda haka shahararrun shahararrun sinadarai masu matukar hadadden aiki, irin waɗannan abubuwa sun haɗa da:
- sulfur;
- phosphomide;
- karbofos;
- vitriol;
- bordeaux ruwa;
- phytosporin;
- tushe.
Cutar naman gwari, kamar su anthracnose, suna buƙatar maganin fungicide na daji da wuri-wuri. Magungunan da ke haifar da cutar, naman gwari, yana farawa a cikin ganyayyun da suka faɗi. Shi ya sa yana da matukar mahimmanci cire ganyaye daga shafin kuma kona shi... Cutar kanta tana bayyana kanta a tsakiyar lokacin bazara, a cikin sifofin jan-kasa-kasa kan ganyayyaki. Idan cutar ba ta warke ba, “kurji” zai kama dukkan ganye, a ƙarshe ya fallasa daji, ya kamu da tsire-tsire maƙwabta.
Kamar yadda matakan kariya kan kwari da cututtuka, masu zuwa suna da tasiri sosai:
- sarrafa currants da ƙasa a ƙarƙashinta mafita 2% na nitrophene ko karbofos a cikin bazara. Kafin hutun toho;
- fesa lokaci-lokaci lokacin bazara na daji tare da tushe.
Sau da yawa currant yakan bushe kawai saboda daji ya tsufa. A wannan yanayin, ko dai kuna buƙatar sake sabunta shi tare da yankewa, ko tono shi, kuma, bayan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da takin ƙasa, dasa sabo.
Ba shi da wahala sosai don tabbatar da cewa currants suna ba da fruita wella da kyau, kada ku ji ciwo ko bushewa. Ya isa kawai a cika wasu sharuɗɗa:
- daidai zabi wuri don dajiba bushe ba kuma ba tare da ruwa mai tsafta ba;
- samar da ruwa cikin fari;
- cire matattun ganye;
- prophylactically aiwatar da tsire-tsire;
- hankali saka idanu a jihar daji.
Ta bin waɗannan ƙa'idodi masu sauƙi, lalle currants zai faranta daga shekara zuwa shekara tare da manyan, m, dadi da ƙoshin lafiya berries.