Gyada al'adar kudu ce. Wannan itaciya mai tsayi, itaciya tana matukar bukatar zafi, danshi da haske.... A al'adance, yana girma kuma yana bada 'ya'ya a wuraren da matsakaita yanayin shekara ba ya sauka kasa + 10 ° C (Asiya orarama da Tsakiya, Caucasus, Balkan Peninsula). Don haka, noman goro a yawancin yankuna na Rasha cike da matsaloli. Hanyar fita daga halin da ake ciki na iya zama noman iri iri na musamman. Da farko a tsakanin su shine Ingantaccen irin goro.
Bayanin irin goro mai kyau
Babbar matsala mai tsanani ga noman gyada na gargajiya ita ce jinkirta shigarta cikin 'ya'yan itace. Yawancin lokaci, shuka yana farawa ne kawai a takwas, kuma wani lokacin a shekara ta goma sha biyar na rayuwa.... Sabili da haka, a tsakiyar ƙarni na 20, masu kiwo suka karɓi aikin: don fito da nau'o'in goro da ya fara girma.
An warware matsalar a cikin 1947 ta manoman goro daga Fergana (Uzbekistan). Darajar bude Manufa iri-iri ta kasance ga mai kiwo S.S. Kalmykov.
Gyada Ingantacce yana da halaye masu zuwa:
general bayanin | Varietyananan girma-iri-iri, baya girma sama da 4-5 m. Haushi launin toka ne, a kan harbe-harben shekaru 2-3 - launin ruwan kasa, akan harbe-harben shekara-shekara - launin toka-kore, tare da ƙuruciya. Ganye ne mai tsini. A kan harbe-tsire masu tsire-tsire an samo su a sarari, a kan waɗanda ke ba da fruita fruitan itace - a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren harbi ba su ci gaba ba, a cikin sikeli. |
---|---|
Balaga da wuri | Ya nuna 'ya'yan itacen farko a cikin shekara ta 2 ta rayuwa. Za'a iya samun girbi mai kyau daga shekara ta 5. |
Furanni | Flowersananan furanni farare tare da ƙyallen kore, waɗanda aka tattara a goga, 9-15 inji mai kwakwalwa. Iska-pollinated, dioecious. |
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari | Babban (a kan matsakaita 10 g), oval, tare da bakin ciki harsashi. Kullin yana da haske, yana da saukin cirewa. Ripen daga Satumba zuwa Oktoba. |
Fasali na 'ya'yan itace | Yana sarrafawa don samar da amfanin gona 2 a kowace shekara. |
yawa | Babban, har zuwa kilogiram 120 kowace bishiya. |
Sanyin sanyi | Babban, har zuwa -35 ° C. |
Juriyar cuta | Juriya ga chlorosis. |
Neman ƙasa | Iya girma a kan ƙasa mai guba ko ruwan gishiri. Baya jurewa kusancin ruwan karkashin kasa. |
Don haka, daga cikin fa'idodi na Ingantaccen irin goro, za ku iya lissafa:
- balaga da wuri;
- yawa;
- karamin bishiyar;
- juriya sanyi;
- rashin sani;
- juriya na chlorosis;
- ikon samar da amfanin gona biyu a kowace kaka.
Abun takaici, Ingantaccen nau'ikan bai bambanta a karko ba idan aka kwatanta da siffofin gargajiya. Idan irin goro na yau da kullun zai iya rayuwa sama da shekaru 100, sannan mai saurin girma - kusan 40-50.
Wani raunin kuma shine cewa furannin, suna fadowa karkashin bazara sun dawo sanyi, galibi ana lalace su. Abin farin ciki, ikon fure na sakandare ya rama wannan rashin dacewar.
Furewar sakandare yawanci tana farawa makonni 1-2 bayan kalaman farko kuma tana rani duk lokacin bazara. Sabili da haka, ana iya kiyaye dukkan matakai lokaci guda akan bishiya ɗaya a lokacin bazara: furanni, samuwar bishiyar 'ya'yan itacen.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Ingantaccen irin goro ana yada shi ta hanyar tsaba ko dasawa. Tsarin tsire shi daga tsaba yana da ban sha'awa kuma yana da fasalin sha'awa.: ya kamata a sanya kwayoyi a cikin ramin kusa da juna, guda 4. Sannan shukokin zasu girma tare kuma su samar da tsiro mai karfi da juriya.
Ana shuka 'ya'yan goro ko dai kafin hunturu ko kuma a bazara bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke. A karo na biyu, Wajibi ne a rarrabe kwayoyi a cikin yashi mai danshi tsawon watanni 1.5 a zazzabin + 7 ° C da kuma shuka riga germinated abu. An rufe 'ya'yan itacen a cikin rami mai zurfin 10 cm.
A cikin shekarar farko, ci gaban seedlings ya fi jinkiri. A lokacin kaka, suna girma zuwa cm 15-20 kawai. Amma a bazara mai zuwa, kwaya tana nuna "saurin girma". Lokacin da tsayin shukar ya wuce mita, zaka iya jiran furannin farko.
Zai fi kyau shuka gyada da yanka.... Hakanan ana amfani da hanyar budding, amma ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwayoyi na iya daskarewa a cikin hunturu. Yin kwalliyar goro ba koyaushe yake cin nasara ba, saboda haka sau da yawa zaka iya samun tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu sayarwa fiye da kan tushen tushe.
Zaɓin Sapling
Koyaya, yayin zabar tsakanin tushen kai da kwaroro na goro, ya fi kyau a zabi na biyun. Gaskiyar ita ce, a yawancin tsire-tsire da aka samo daga tsaba, haruffan ba su dace da siffofin mahaifa ba. Gyada itace tsire-tsire-tsire-tsirekuma thea seedsan maya mayan ba za su iya riƙe kyawawan halaye na ɗabi'ar ba.
Lokacin sayen seedling, kuna buƙatar kula da yanayinta. Duk wata lalacewa ga haushi, tsarin tushen rauni, ruɓe akan tushen yakamata faɗakarwa. Gyada tuni bata jurewa dasawa sosai., da kuma ƙarin "tabo mai raɗaɗi" na iya sa wannan aikin ya mutu ga shuka.
Zai fi kyau a zabi shuki tare da rufaffiyar tushen tsarin. Dasawa daga kwantena tare da kwallar kasa zai kiyaye ci gaban da kuma wuraren tsotsa.
Hannun goro ya gicciye ya ba da kwarin gwiwa kan samuwar wasu nau'ikan matasan masu son amintaccen goro bisa tushen gyada. An gudanar da gwaje-gwaje masu nasara a cikin wannan hanyar a Saratov, Krasnodar Territory da kuma garin Slavyansk, Yankin Donetsk.
Dasa irin goro: umarnin mataki-mataki
Wurin dasa shukiya yakamata a kunna sosai kuma a sami mafaka daga iska mai sanyi. Gyada ba za ta iya tsayawa matsewa ba, kuma rawaninsa ya bazu sosai, saboda haka kuna buƙatar ja da baya aƙalla mita 5 daga wasu bishiyoyi ko gine-gine.
Duk da juriya da nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke da kyau ga ƙasa mai asha, zai ji daɗi a kan lodin sod-carbonate. Yankuna masu dausayi masu dausayi ba zasu dace da shi ba.
Shuka tsiron goro ya hada da ayyuka da yawa kuma ana aiwatar dashi bisa ga wannan makircin:
- Shirye-shiryen ƙasa:
- A ranar dasa shukar, an tona rami mai dasawa. Ba lallai ba ne a dafa shi a gaba don kada ƙasa ta bushe. Girman rami - 60 * 60 cm... Idan kasar ba ta haihuwa, girmansa zai kai 100 * 100 cm.
- An cire Layer mai dausayi yayin haƙa rami, gauraye da peat da takin zamani a cikin rabo na 1: 1: 1.
- Cakudawar ƙasa ya wadata da takin mai magani: gari na dolomite - 500 g, superphosphate - 600 g.
- Ana shirya seedling tare da buɗaɗɗen tushen tushen:
- An yi magana da yumbu: don kashi 1 na ruɓaɓɓen taki, ana ɗaukar yumɓu yumɓu 3, an tsarma shi da ruwa zuwa maƙasudi mai maiko kuma an kara kuzarin samuwar tushen ("Heteroauxin" ko "Kornevin").
- Tushen tsiron ana tsoma shi a cikin akwatin hira kuma ya bar rabin sa'a ya bushe.
- Dasa shuki
- Cikin kasan ramin an shigar da tallafi... An zuba cakuda ƙasar a cikin tudun ƙasa.
- Ana sanya ciyawar a saman tudun dasa... An rarraba asalin asalin tare da gangaren kuma a hankali an rufe shi da ƙasa mai ni'ima. Ana sanya na sama a kwance - don zurfin abin da ya faru su ne a yankin 7-8 cm.
- An bincika matsayin abin wuya na asali... Yakamata ya zama 3-5 cm sama da farfajiyar ƙasa.
- An gyara tsaba ga goyon baya.
- An shayar da'irar akwati kuma mulched.
Idan an sayi tsire-tsire na kwantena, to kawai ana buƙatar cire shi daga cikin akwatin tare da sandar ƙasa kuma a tura shi zuwa ramin shuka. Bayan haka, rufe tare da tattalin ƙasa da ruwa.
Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka goro shine bazara. Idan an dasa seedling a cikin kaka, wannan ya kamata a yi ba fiye da wata daya kafin farkon sanyi.
Kulawa bayan saukowa
Makonni 2 bayan dasa shuki, yakamata a shayar da kwaya. Yawan amfani da ruwa - 15-20 lita... Idan yankin bai kasance cikin yankunan da ke da isasshen danshi ba, a nan gaba, za a buƙaci sanya idanu sosai game da yanayin kusancin-yanayin. Ruwa ya zama na yau da kullun, amma ba wuce kima ba.
Gyada seedling Ideal yana bukatar samuwar kambi. Idan an yi dasa shuki a cikin bazara, zaka iya yin sahun farko nan da nan. Idan a lokacin kaka, zaku iya jinkirta shi har zuwa bazara. A cikin lambu na yau da kullun, kwaya ta zama 'kwalliya'... Don yin wannan, zaɓi 3-4 kyawawan ƙwaraƙƙun katako kuma yanke babban mai gudanarwa sama da na sama.
A nan gaba, za a bukaci yanke bishiyar kowace shekara. Babban ka'idojin shine samar da iyakar haske na dukkan sassan rawanin. Don yin wannan, cire duk tsoffin rassan da thickening. Gyada tana ba da 'ya'ya a kan ci gaban shekara-shekara, kuma su ne suke bukatar a ba su rana mafi yawa.
Don hana cututtukan fungal, ana fesa itacen lokaci-lokaci da ruwa 1% na Bordeaux.
Don shiri na al'ada don hunturu, an dakatar da goro daga tsakiyar watan Agusta. A ƙarshen Satumba, an cire dukkan 'ya'yan itatuwa kuma an sare koren harbe-harben... Wannan tsarin zai tilasta wa shuka sauya abubuwa daga matakan ci gaba zuwa itacen da suka girma.
Bayani na lambu mai son
A cikin Yankinmu na Primorsky, Ingantaccen irin goro ya tsira daga damuna mai sanyi talatin ya kuma ba da fruita fruita yawanci kowace shekara. Sun tara bokiti 4-5 daga bishiyu. Ban san shekarun bishiyoyi ba, mun sayi fili da su. Tashar gona
Kyakkyawan nau'ikan - carpal, farkon-girma. Abin takaici ne, yana da wahala a same shi a cikin "tsarkakakke". Akwai nau'ikan matasan da suka dace da kyau. Har ila yau, irin kifi, amma kwayoyi ba haka bane. Forum-inabi
A watan Fabrairu-Maris, akwai yanayin "ƙona" a cikin yankin Moscow. Haushi ya yi zafi har zuwa 15º da rana, kuma da daddare sanyi ya kama shi. Walnut Ideal ya juya ya zama mai sanyin jiki, daskarewa daga sama da matakin murfin dusar ƙanƙara. Wajibi ne a farar da bole high. Anungiyar Anastasia
Kammalawa
Shuka gyada a cikin layin Tsakiya ko kuma ta wasu yankuna na kudancin Rasha Shin babban kalubale ne. Kyakkyawan nau'ikan sun sami nasarar warware shi. Tabbas, kamar yadda rana take da tabo, don haka mai kyau zai iya zama mai kuskure. Amma ana iya kaucewa matsaloli da yawa ta hanyar kiyaye ƙa'idojin fasahar aikin gona na wannan kyakkyawar al'adar.