A yau zamuyi magana game da nau'ikan pam guda uku: Safiya, Yakhontovaya da Malakhovskaya. Wadannan nau'ikan, kamar wasu, suna da siffofi iri daban-daban na tushen, ganye, bayyanar 'ya'yan itacen, da sauran dalilai masu yawa. Kuna iya samun cikakken bayanin a ƙasa.
Tarihin kiwo iri
Tarihin fitowar sahur iri-iri yana farawa ne a Cibiyar Nazarin Rasha da Fasaha ta Noma da Nursery ta hanyar ratsa iri Skorospelka ja da Renclode Ullensa. A lokacinsa, Yakhontovaya ya bambance ta zabi Eurasia-21 da Smolinka. A cikin lokacin 1971-2007 akwai bred Malakhovskaya plum a cikin Michurinsky Garden da sauransu.
Bayanin iri, fa'idodi da rashin amfani
Kowane mai lambu zai yi sha'awar fa'idodi da rashin amfanin ire-iren shuka kafin shuka.
- Fa'idodin Safiyar sun hada da dogaro da kai. (kada ku samar da ovaries bayan pollination na furanni da nasu iri-iri tare da pollen), na yau da kullum na fruiting, m maturation, jure kwari da cututtuka. Akwai rashi kaɗan da yawa: mai saukin kamuwa da yanayin sanyi.
- Yakhontova ya ɗauki juriya ta sanyi a matsayin fa'idodi., wanda ke sauƙaƙa sau da yawa a gare ta ta jure hunturu (tana jurewa rage digiri ashirin da takwas zuwa talatin na sanyi) fiye da yadda aka bayar, misali, Safiya, tana da yawan amfanin ƙasa da ingancin fruitsa fruitsan itacen kansu, suna ba da regularlya regularlya a kai a kai a kan ci gaban shekara-shekara, oua branchesan bouquet da spurs, manyan fruitsa fruitsan itace , Kashi cikin sauki baya bayan tayi. Ba a sami kuskure ba.
- Malakhovskaya shuɗi. A iri-iri ba shi da wani rashin amfani.
Yankunan sauka masu dacewa
Safiyar Tsakiya ana ɗaukarta a matsayin yanki mai dacewa don saukowa.... Dangane da abin da ya gabata, a cikin yankuna kamar Siberia, noman wannan nau'in ba shi yiwuwa. Sauran, kusan daidai yake, wanda za'a tattauna gaba. Ga sauran nau'ikan guda biyu yankin sauka na duniya, wanda ba zai iya ba sai dai a kira shi ƙari.
Dasa shuki da cigaba da kula da pum
Safiya
Ana shuka tsirrai a farkon bazara... An dasa su a cikin rami zurfin santimita sittin da sittin kuma kusan santimita tamanin zuwa casa'in. Yakamata filin sauka ya kasance cikin hasken rana kai tsaye. Mafi wadatar takin zamani don wannan nau'ikan zai zama taki.... Muna ɗaukar kilogram goma sha biyar. Babu sabo ko kaɗan! Dole ne a fara '' sarrafa shi '' a kan gungumen azaba. Anan zamu kara rabin kilogram na superphosphate biyu ko kilogram na talakawa, gram ɗari na potassium chloride ko kilogram na tokar itace.
Gogaggen lambu bayar da shawarar kowace shekara taki plums tare da urea a cikin rabo na ashirin grams da murabba'in mita. A lokacin bazara, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da takin potash da phosphate.
Ya kamata ƙasa ta zama mai laushi da danshi. Don karɓar kambi, dole ne masu su datse bishiyar ku akai-akai... Wannan ya hada da cire matattu, daskarewa, da rassa suna toshe ci gaban wasu. Hakanan ana ba da shawarar yin tare da tushen wasu tsire-tsire waɗanda ke kusa da itacen.
Kar ka manta game da shayarwa, Safiya na son danshi, musamman a lokacin rani... Treesananan bishiyoyi har zuwa mita biyu a tsayi suna buƙatar bokiti uku zuwa huɗu a kowane mako, kuma manyan itatuwa suna buƙatar bokiti biyar ko shida. Lokacin hunturu shine mafi munin lokaci don iri-iri. Kuna iya taimakawa bishiyoyi ta hanyar rufe su da ƙasa da girgiza dusar ƙanƙara daga rassan, tattake shi a tushen.
Yakhontova
Hakanan an dasa shi a farkon bazara. Dole ne filin sauka ya kasance da haske sosai, matakin ruwan karkashin kasa dole ne ya zama ƙasa da mita ɗaya da rabi daga matakin ƙasa... Wajibi ne a tono rami santimita tamanin zuwa tasa'in da zurfin santimita hamsin zuwa sittin (kamar yadda ya gabata a baya). Bayan haka, ana sanya ɗan itace kuma an cika shi da cakuda ƙasar sod tare da takin gargajiya da na ma'adinai. Matsayin ya zama kamar haka: kilogram goma sha biyar na ruɓaɓɓen taki (ko takin gargajiya), kilogram ɗaya na potassium chloride (ko kilogram ɗaya na tokar itace). Fadowa da barci duk wannan, kar ka manta da girgiza tsirrai da tattake ƙasa a tushen. Abun tushen, bisa ga shawarwarin, dole ne ya kasance a matakin santimita uku zuwa biyar sama da matakin ƙasa. Tona rami a kusa da tsironmu ka shayar da shi.
Guga daya ko biyu na ruwa zasu isa a sha ruwa. Don ƙasa ta riƙe danshi, ana bi da shi tare da maganin peat ko humus. Mu dole ne a ɗaura itace ƙarami a kan gungumen itace, wanda muka girka a hankali kusa dashi, daga gefen arewa, don kada iska ta karya ɗan tsiron.
Kowace shekara kuna buƙatar takin ƙasa tare da urea a cikin gwargwadon gram ashirin a kowane murabba'in mita, sannan bayan pam ya fara ba da 'ya'ya, sai a kara kilo goma zuwa sha biyar na rubabben taki (takin zamani), gram ashirin da biyar na urea, giram ɗari biyu na itacen itace. Ya kamata a yi amfani da takin Urea da nitrogen a lokacin bazara, kuma ana yin amfani da phosphorus da takin mai na potassium, a lokacin bazara.
Kar ka manta da sassauta ƙasa a lokacin da fruitsa fruitsan itacen suka nuna - wannan zai ba ku damar riƙe danshi a cikin ƙasa, wanda zai ba da 'ya'yan itace da amfani ga fruitsa fruitsan.
Wani lokaci ana amfani da lemun tsami wanda aka lullubeshi a cikin nauyin gram ɗari huɗu zuwa ɗari takwas a kowace murabba'in mita. Kulawa da pikin, suna ƙirƙirar kusan adadin da ya dace da shi: santimita ashirin da biyar zuwa arba'in da arba'in, wanda ya kunshi rassa biyar zuwa bakwai, an sanya shi mafi kyau da kyau.
Lokaci zuwa lokaci yana da daraja yankan rassan, cire cokuran da ba dole ba, canza alkiblar girma don samun sakamakon da ake so a cikin kambi. Abu mai mahimmanci a lura shine bayan shekara uku zuwa hudu bayan shiga cikin 'ya'yan itace, an cire reshe a saman babba na farko da ke da kyau sosai don samun kambi a cikin kwano... Wannan ya zama dole don wadatar da bishiyar da isasshen hasken rana. Lokacin yankan, ana cire dukkan ƙulli.
Malakhovskaya
Don dasa shuki wannan iri-iri haƙa rami sittin da sittin da sittin sittin... Zuba kilogram daya na superphosphate a wurin, gilashin lemun tsami wanda aka yanka, guga biyu na humus (tattaunawar shekaru uku zuwa huɗu), an hana motsawa.
Ba za a yi amfani da toka ko taki sabo ba. Wannan na iya lalata tsarin tushen matasa, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar shukar.
An dasa tsire-tsire saboda kunshin da abin da muka shuka ya kasance daidai yake da matakin ƙasa a wurin. Hakanan kamar, da Yakhontova zamu ɗaura seedling a kan gungumen azaba. Don kulawa, ana ba da shawarar yin magani tare da hom, cakuda Bordeaux, mawaƙa, ba da daɗewa ba, alatar, kinimix, inta-vir, ciyar da shekaru uku bayan dasa shuki tare da fertika, Azofosky, uniform da sauransu. Kowace shekara muna sarrafa gram biyu ko ɗari huɗu na lemun tsami, sare bishiyoyi kowace shekara.
Yada yaduwa
Tsarin kiwo a plums yana faruwa ta hanyoyi da yawa:
- ta hanyar dasa shuki (don samun shuke-shuke);
- inoculation: ana sayo ko yanke harbe don dasawa;
- tushen harbe: sara tushen a kaka kuma dasa shi daban;
- tushen cuttings: muna haƙa tushen a nisan mita ɗaya zuwa ɗaya da rabi, a cikin Afrilu ana dasa su a ƙarƙashin fim, ana ba su ruwa, kuma a lokacin hunturu na gaba ana shuka su a gonar.
Cututtuka da kwari
Bari mu fara da Safiya... A iri-iri ne resistant zuwa 'ya'yan itace rot, cutar clasterosporium. Wannan iri-iri ya fi mai saukin kamuwa da kwari kamar su aphids da asu... An ba da shawarar a tono ƙasa a ƙarƙashin rawanin kafin buds ɗin su yi furanni, a yanka kuma a ƙone rassan da kwari suka shafa. Idan irin wannan ya faru da 'ya'yan itacen, kuna buƙatar halakar da su, sannan ku bi da bishiyoyin da kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na ruwa na Bordeaux ko nitrafen.
Yakhontovoy haɗari ne mai haɗari, mashigar ruwa... Daga cikin kwari na aphids, asu, sawflies. Shawarwarin daidai suke. Idan kun sami furanni "ƙone" - lalata harbi. Ina ba ku shawara ku yi amfani da shirye-shiryen Iskra Bio da Inta-vir.
Kammalawa
Daga duk bayanan da aka bayar anan, za'a iya ƙaramar gajarta. A cikin dukkan nau'ikan guda uku, yana da wahala a zaɓi mafi dacewa a kowane wuri: Safiya baya jure yanayin sanyi, Yakhontovaya da Malakhovskaya suna da saukin kamuwa da kwari iri-iri. Duk ya dogara ne kawai da fifikonku dangane da halayen 'ya'yan itacen, farashi da sauransu, waɗanda ba mu fayyace su a nan ba. Kar ka manta game da lokacin dasa shuki. Lokacin zabar nau'ikan iri, yi la'akari da takamaiman yankinku, saboda zai iya zama mai yanke hukunci a ƙarshe. Ina maku fatan nasara da kuma girbi mai karimci.