Duk wanda yayi noman tumatir a shafin sa ya hadu da ganye rawaya ko faduwa akalla sau daya a rayuwarsa. Wannan yana tasiri tasirin amfanin gona, don haka dole ne a kawar da matsalar nan take. Abu na gaba, zamuyi bayanin musabbabin raunin rawaya akan dashen tumatir da hanyoyin magance wadannan cututtukan.
Dalilin launin rawaya a kan bishiyar tumatir
Yellow ganyen tumatir alama ce cewa tsiron yana cikin damuwa.
Suna faruwa ne a cikin tumatir saboda:
- kulawa mara kyau;
- cututtuka.
Akwai nau'ikan launin rawaya da yawa:
- dama ganyen rawaya. Wannan na faruwa ne yayin dasa tumatir. Leavesananan ganye na iya lanƙwasa su bushe.
- ganye rawaya mai launin shuɗi. Dalilin shine hypothermia.
- m yellowing na ganye a kasan daji. Waɗannan su ne alamun cututtukan tsarin lalacewa.
Kulawa mara kyau
Kulawa mara kyau na iya haɗawa da kurakurai a cikin:
- shayarwa;
- sassautawa;
- hasken wuta;
- saman miya.
Rashin bin tsarin shayarwa na iya haifar da lankwashe, rawaya, faduwar ganye. Tsire-tsire suna bushewa har ma su mutu. Me yasa hakan ke faruwa? Wannan ya faru ne saboda wuce gona da iri ko rashin ruwa. Tumatir yana buƙatar wadataccen ruwa, amma mai ƙarancin ruwa. A waje, bai fi sau 2 a mako ba. Umeara - lita 5 na daji daya. Mafi kyau kafin cin abincin rana.
Kada a sanya kwantena da ruwa a cikin greenhouse. Suna haifar da danshi mai yawa.
Rashin ma'adinai
Yaran rawaya na iya faruwa saboda rashin ma'adinai:
- tare da rashin sinadarin nitrogen, dukkan tsirrai suna da launi;
- jan ƙarfe - babu tabo, amma duk daji ya rasa launi;
- sulfur - ganye ya zama rawaya, ya zama mai tauri;
- magnesium - ƙananan aibobi;
- manganese - saurin rawaya, ruɓewa;
- phosphorus - saman mai launi.
Ana yin sassautawa don wadatar da tushen da iskar oxygen. Yayi yawa, zurfin sassautawa na iya lalata asalinsu. Zurfin - bai fi 10 cm ba.
Haske mara kyau
Haske mara kyau - Wani dalili na yellowed ganye. Tare da kunar rana a jiki, farin tabo ya bayyana. A kan zafi, ranakun rana, dazuzzuka, ya kamata a yi inuwa iri iri.
Bai kamata a shayar da ganyen tumatir ba. Wannan na iya haifar da kunar rana a jiki.
Lalacewa ta hanyar kwari
Cututtukan da suka shafi tumatir na iya zama:
- fungal;
- cladoporia (rawaya-launin ruwan kasa, launuka masu ruwan kasa);
- fusarium (rawaya-kore, juya, ganye mai laushi);
- ƙarshen buguwa (aibobi masu ruwan kasa);
- launin toka (ruwan toka, ruwan toka);
- na kwayan cuta;
- ciwon daji na kwayan cuta (fararen fata tare da cibiyar baki);
- hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri;
- ƙwayar mosaic na taba (launi mosaic, tare da canza launuka masu duhu da haske kore);
- curl virus (rawaya a gefen gefan ganye).
Lokacin da ganyen rawaya na farko suka bayyana, dole ne a cire su.
A cikin gandun daji, wuraren shan iska, akwai ƙarin matsaloli tare da tumatir. Akwai babban zafi, yanayin zafin iska mai kyau - kyakkyawan yanayi don ci gaban cututtuka. Sabili da haka, shayarwa - ba fiye da sau ɗaya a mako ba.
Me yasa ganyen tumatir ya bushe ya mutu
Dalilan zubda ganye:
- rashin bin ka’idojin aikin gona;
- cuta.
Kulawa mara kyau na shuka ya ƙunshi:
- dasa shuki mai yawa;
- yankin da bai dace ba;
- rashin ruwa, yawan ruwa;
- ƙasar da ba zaɓaɓɓe ba;
- rashin, wuce haddi na hasken rana;
- zafi fiye da kima, hypothermia;
- a cikin iska mai zafi;
- zayyana;
- ciyarwa mara kyau.
Tare da dasa shuki mai yawa na shuka, suna yiwa juna inuwa. Akwai gasa don hasken rana. An baza daji. Tushen ya ƙare daga sarari. Akwai gwagwarmaya don ruwa da abinci mai gina jiki. Sakamakon shi daji ne na kasala. Cutar ƙafa baƙar fata na iya faruwa.
Cutar fungal Fusarium na haifar da narkar da ganyen tumatir. A wannan yanayin, asalinsu suna samun launi mai launi, ganye sun zama rawaya. Cututtuka kawai za'a iya cin nasara a matakin farko na ci gaba. Idan daji bazai iya warkewa ba, dole ne a cire shi, ƙone shi. Don noma ƙasar.
Tare da isasshen adadin ruwa a cikin tsire-tsire, suna cikin yanayin turgor. Rashin ya sa su kaɗan. Yawan danshi na iya haifar da lalacewar tushe, baƙar fata.
Haske mai kyau ya zama dole. Ana buƙatar haske don hotunan hoto. Lokacin dasa shuki a farkon shuka a cikin greenhouse, zaka iya amfani da ƙarin haske - fitilu masu kyalli. Amma kar a kunna shuka da rana. Wasu matakai a cikin shuka suna faruwa ne kawai a cikin duhu.
Idan tsire-tsire suna cikin greenhouse, yanayin zafin jiki na zafin rana a rana bazai wuce 28 bagame daC, da dare - 18game daC. Mafi kyau duka - 24 - 26game daC. A zazzabi na 38 - 40game daGanyen C ya fara fada. Ana buƙatar samun iska na yau da kullun.
Tumatir yana son dumi. Sanyi na iya haifar da ganye. A yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa da 15game da C ba sa ɗaukar phosphorus, a 10game da C shine nitrogen.Top miya na bushes ya kamata a daidaita.
Yadda ake warkar da tsirrai a cikin wani greenhouse
Idan tumatir sun bushe, ganyayyaki sun zama rawaya, mataki na farko shi ne tabbatar da dalilin. Wani lokaci canza yanayin girma na iya taimakawa wajen kawar da matsaloli. Ana buƙatar daidaita matakin shayarwa, ciyarwa, haske, zazzabi.
Dole ne a cire ganyayyaki masu launin rawaya, in ba haka ba shuka na iya fara faduwa ya mutu.Idan akwai rashi alama, kuna buƙatar ciyar dashi da takin da ya dace. Misali, ana kawar da yunwa ta hanyar feshi da urea.
Don kunar rana a jiki, rage adadin hasken rana. Dangane da tsire-tsire, zaku iya inuwa da su da takarda, kuna rufe gilashin windows da shi. Game da ƙasa da aka zaɓa ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba, ƙuƙasa ruwa na ƙasa, ya kamata a tono tumatir a dasa shi zuwa wurin da ya dace, in ba haka ba ƙwayoyin za su fara ruɓewa kuma su ɓace.
Idan ba za a iya tabbatar da dalilin ba, za a iya magance tumatir da jan ƙarfe na ƙarfe (gram 70 - 80 a kan lita 10 na ruwa).
Tumatir da cututtuka ke shafa, dole ne a kula da kwari tare da shiri mai dacewa. Bada sandar da kansu. Burnone. Don sarrafa ƙasar, kayan aikin, tufafin lambu.
Rigakafin wilting da rawaya tumatir akan windowsill
Don hana bayyanar matsaloli tare da tsire-tsire, kuna buƙatar sanin yanayin bunƙasar waɗannan alfanun dare. Ayyuka masu dacewa kawai zasu taimaka wa lambu don magance matsalolin da suka taso.
Yanayin da ake buƙata don girma tumatir:
- dan kadan acidic, kasar tsaka tsaki;
- hasken rana a kalla awanni 12;
- matsakaiciyar taki;
- dumi, iska mai bushe;
- samun iska na yau da kullun;
- matsakaiciyar shayarwa.
Waɗanne yanayi ne aka hana wa tumatir:
- sanyi;
- babban abun cikin danshi na kasa, iska;
- nauyi, ƙasa mai guba;
- dasa shuki na daji;
- babban zafin jiki na iska;
- yawan taki
A matsayin ma'auni na rigakafi, yakamata ku sassauta ƙasa a ƙarƙashin daji. Wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka tushen tare da iskar oxygen. Ruwa baya tsayawa a karkashin tumatir.
Lokacin dasa shuki, an ba da shawarar siyan tumatir iri dake jure cututtuka, kwari... Dole ne a sarrafa tsaba, ƙasa, kwantena don shuka, kayan aikin aiki a farkon lokacin.
Nisa tsakanin tsirrai aƙalla cm 40. Dogaro da iri-iri. A lokacin shigar da greenhouse, greenhouse ya kamata ya samar da tsarin samun iska. Ana buƙatar yin jujjuya amfanin gona kowace shekara. Za'a iya dasa tumatir a wuri guda shekaru 3 zuwa 4 kawai bayan shukar ƙarshe.
A farkon bazara, ƙarshen kaka, ya zama dole a aiwatar da greenhouse, greenhouse tare da bam din sulfur. Ana yin wannan don halakar da kwayar cuta, kwari da cututtuka (tsatsa, mottling).
Bai kamata a dasa tumatir a cikin ƙasa ba inda wasu samfuran dare suke girma.
Za a iya samun dalilai da yawa na narkewa, dige rawaya akan tumatir. Farawa daga tsufa na ilimin ɗan adam, dasawa har zuwa rashin lafiya mai tsanani. Tare da kulawa mai kyau, yin biyayya ga matakan rigakafi, duk waɗannan matsalolin za'a iya kauce musu. Yin aiki da duk ƙa'idojin fasahar aikin gona zai ba wa lambu lada mai yawan gaske kuma zai taimaka wajen adana shukar.