Currant shine Berry mai matukar amfani, galibi ana amfani dashi don shirya ɗimbin yawa da ruwan 'ya'yan itace, an kuma haɗa shi a cikin wasu jams da adanawa.
Girma irin wannan shuka a cikin gidan rani mai sauƙi ne. Hakanan, jan currant shine tsire-tsire mara ma'ana.
Yadda ake girma ja da baki currants?
Don jan jan baki ko baƙi na ci gaba mai kyau da kawo girbi mai yawa da shekara-shekara, ya zama dole a zaɓi madaidaicin wurin shuka don shrub ɗin ya sami kwanciyar hankali:
- ba a ba da shawarar a dasa currants a waɗancan wuraren da tsofaffin ciyawar wannan al'adar ko 'ya' ya suka girma a da;
- matakin ruwan ƙasan bai kamata ya fi mita 1.5 ba, in ba haka ba tushen tushen na iya ruɓewa ko ma ya mutu;
- ba a kuma ba da shawarar dasa currant a wuraren da ba sa kwance inda ruwan sama ko narkewar dusar kankara suka taru;
Idan ba shi yiwuwa a dasa shrub a wuri mai bushewa, za ku iya magudanar da shi da yalwar yumbu. Irin wannan kayan aikin yana kame danshi mai yawa.
- lafiya da yawan aiki na shrub kai tsaye ya dogara da adadin hasken rana. Idan babu waɗannan alamun, tsire-tsire ya fara ciwo kuma ya daina tsayayya da kwari, 'ya'yan itacen sun zama ƙarami ko sun ɓace gaba ɗaya;
- iskoki masu iska iri ɗaya suna da tasiri iri ɗaya akan currants, don haka bai kamata kawai wurin ya zama mai inuwa ba, amma kuma ya kiyaye daga iska ta arewa da ta gabas. Don shuke-shuken daji, ba a buƙatar wata fasahar noma ta musamman. Ana iya yin komai da hannu.
Currants suna girma sosai a kusan kowace ƙasa, banda sune:
- ƙasa mai yashi;
- ƙasa mai duwatsu;
- yankunan fadama.
Hakanan, wannan al'adar ta fi son ƙasa mai tsaka-tsaki, saboda haka, a gaban ƙasa mai guba, dole ne a yi layya da farko. Don yin wannan, an ƙara gram 400 na niƙaƙƙen farar ƙasa ko gram 300 na lemun tsami wanda aka yanka a ƙasa mai murabba'in mita.
Lokaci don sauka a gidan su na bazara
Ana iya dasa currants duka a bazara (ƙarshen Maris - farkon Afrilu) da kuma kaka (tsakiyar watan Satumba - farkon Oktoba). Amma gogaggen lambu bayar da shawarar yin daidai kaka dasa, saboda shi yana da yawa ab advantagesbuwan amfãni:
- Saplings suna gudanar da tushensu kafin farkon yanayin sanyi da jure yanayin hunturu da kyau. Kuma lokacin da aka aiwatar da wannan aikin a cikin bazara, shrub yana haɓaka tushen tsarin sosai, amma kuma yana kashe kuzari kan gina ganyaye da ganye zuwa hunturu a cikin wani yanayi mai rauni, saboda hakan bazai iya jure yanayin sanyi ba kuma kawai ya mutu;
- Hakanan, tsire-tsire da aka shuka a cikin kaka suna motsawa da sauri kuma, daidai da haka, sun fara ba da fruita fruita da sauri.
Ga yankunan kudu da tsakiya, shukar kaka ta fi dacewa, kuma a Arewa ko Urals, ana shuka currants ja da baki a cikin bazara, don tsarin tushen ya sami ƙarfi, amma a lokaci guda dole ne a cire dukkan ƙuƙumma a kan lokaci don kada irin shuka ba ta da ganye.
Dasa shuki da girma
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
Mataki na farko na dasa shukar currants shine shiri na lokaci na kasar gona:
- Lokacin aiwatar da shukar kaka, ana shirya ramin kusan makonni 3-4 kafin aikin kansa, kuma don dasa shuki, dole ne a haƙa rami a watan Satumba. Ana buƙatar shiri na farko domin ƙasa ta sami ci gaba sosai;
- Idan aka ba da tsarin tsarin halitta na tushen tushen jan currants, zurfin da nisa daga ramin galibi santimita 40-50 ne;
- Yayin da ake haƙa rami, an haɗa layin ƙasa dabam da na sama. Sannan ƙasa mai ni'ima (ta sama) ta haɗu da:
- 2 buckets na takin gargajiya, humus ko rubabben takin;
- 100 grams na superphosphate;
- 90 grams na potassium sulfate.
- A wannan yanayin, an bar ramin shuka har sai an shuka iri.
Zai fi kyau a sayi shuki 'yan kwanaki kafin a dasa shi kuma a bi duk dokokin sufuri. Don yin wannan, an fara jike tushen tsiron, sa'annan a nannade shi a cikin burlap kuma an ƙarfafa tsarin da jakar filastik.
Hanyoyin shuka
Saukowa guda
Tare da wannan shukar, currants yana kawo mafi yawan girbin kuma yana rayuwa fiye da sauran hanyoyin. Wararrun lambu sun ba da shawarar dasa shuki aƙalla aƙalla mita biyu daga sauran bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi.
Saukar talaka
Wannan hanyar ta dace da waɗancan lambu waɗanda ke son tattara matsakaicin adadin berries daga ƙananan yankuna. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da dasa jere a cikin kasuwancin kasuwanci na jan currants. Kuskuren kawai shine saurin lalacewar shuke-shuke kuma, daidai da haka, saurin mutuwarsu.
Amfani da wannan hanyar, ya kamata mutum yayi la'akari da halaye na kowane iri da tsire-tsire tare da kambin lush a nesa na santimita 120-150, da tsire-tsire tare da ƙaramin tsari na harbewa a tazarar santimita 70-110.
Saukowa a kan trellis
Don cimma nasarar da ake so, ana shuka shrubs a nesa na santimita 50-100 daga juna. Bayan shekaru 2-3, an gyara rassan currant a kan trellises da aka sanya. A wannan yanayin, zaku iya samun jirgin sama mai ɗauke da solida fruan itace.
Maimakon trellises na musamman, zaka iya amfani da shinge wanda ke rufe shafin.
Dokokin sauka
Fasaha don dasa baƙin currants kamar haka:
- Zai fi kyau sanya iri a cikin ramin a kusurwar digiri 45, amma sauka a tsaye ma yana yiwuwa, wanda yafi sauki da sananne;
- Ya kamata a binne tushen abin ya sa santimita 5-6 a cikin ƙasa;
- lokacin da kake haƙa rami, ya kamata lokaci-lokaci ka girgiza tsirrai don kauce wa samuwar aljihun iska tsakanin tushen tsiron;
- A mataki na gaba, dole ne a sassaka ƙasa da kyau.
- Don tsiro ya sami tushe sosai a cikin sabon wuri, bai isa kawai a shuka shi daidai ba... Wajibi ne don samar da kulawa mai kyau ga matashin daji:
- Nan da nan bayan an dasa shuki, ana huda ƙaramin tsagi a kewayen currants, wanda dole ne a ɗora bokitin ruwa a hankali. Irin wannan aikin ba kawai zai sanya kasar gona ya jike ba, har ma ya inganta cudanya da tushen tare da kasar;
- Bayan ruwan ya bushe, tsagi ya cika da humus, peat ko busasshiyar ƙasa kawai;
Don irin wannan hanyar, a cikin wani hali ba za a yi amfani da takin mai ma'adinai da taki sabo ba, saboda suna iya haifar da ƙonewa a kan tushen tsarin kuma shukar za ta mutu a farkon shekarar.
- Hakanan, ana iya mulmula ƙasa kusa da daji zuwa tsayin santimita 5-10;
- Don hanzarta samuwar kambi na daji kuma a guji bayyanar rauni mai rauni nan da nan bayan dasa shuki, an taƙaita dukkanin rassan shuka zuwa buds 2-4.
Hanyar dasa ƙwarewa ita ce babbar hanyar samun nasara a cikin tsiro da ƙoshin lafiya da samun wadataccen girbi.
Kulawa
Domin shrub ɗin ya ba da yawan amfanin ƙasa kamar yadda ya yiwu, kuna buƙatar kula da shi da kyau kuma kada ku yi sakaci har ma da hanyoyin da ba su da amfani.
Ragewa
Dole ne a sassauta ƙasar da ke kusa da shrub din lokaci-lokaci don adadin da ake buƙata na danshi da iskar oxygen za su shiga cikin tushen tsarin. A cikin yankin tushen, ana yin sassautawa zuwa zurfin santimita 5-6, a hankali yana ƙaruwa zurfin zuwa santimita 15 yayin da yake barin tushe na shuka.
Shayarwa
Currants suna iya jurewa fari na ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma don samun girbi mai yawa, kuna buƙatar kiyaye danshi kashi 80 cikin ɗari, don bincika wannan alamar, zaku iya haƙa ƙasa a zurfin santimita 30, lokacin da aka matse shi a dunƙule, dole ne ya riƙe fasalinsa.
A lokacin shayarwa, kuna buƙatar saturate ƙasa tare da danshi daga santimita 40-50, saboda wannan ƙaramin shrub ɗin zai buƙaci bokitin ruwa 2, da kuma babba 4-5. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don shayarwa:
- zaku iya yin rami kusa da tsiren kuma a hankali ku zuba ruwa a ciki;
- don manyan wuraren sauka, ana jan rami kuma an saka tiyo mai cike da ruwa a ciki.
Bayan shayarwa, ana bada shawara don ciyawar ƙasa.
Top miya
Domin samun farashi mai girma da girma don farawa akan daji, ya zama dole ayi dace a sanya manya-manyan sutura masu ciyar da ƙasa. A cikin shekaru 2 na farko bayan dasa shuki, babu buƙatar takin ƙasa, shukar zata sami wadatattun abubuwan gina jiki da aka gabatar yayin shuka.
Rigakafin cututtuka da kwari
Don kauce wa bayyanar cututtuka da kwari, ya zama dole a kula da shrub ɗin tare da shirye-shirye na musamman da aiwatar da tsafta da kuma yankewar aski.
A cikin bazara:
- Ana shayar da currants sau ɗaya a farkon Mayu, amma idan lokacin sanyi ya kasance tare da ɗan dusar ƙanƙara, kuma bazarar ta bushe, to ana jinkirta wannan aikin zuwa watan Afrilu;
- Nan da nan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, ya zama dole a hankali kwance ƙasa;
- A cikin bazara, ana kula da itacen don cututtuka da kwari tare da taimakon shirye-shirye na musamman ko Brodsky ruwa;
- A wannan lokacin, yana da mahimmanci don aiwatar da ɓarnatar da aski, cire dukkanin daskararre, lalacewa ko kuma ɗaura rassan da ba a bukata.
A farkon farawar ganye, ana hada currants da gram 50 na urea da gram 500 na toka na itace. Top dressing ya bazu a ƙarƙashin daji, sannan kuma a binne shi a hankali. Yana da kyau a tuna cewa ana buƙatar danshi don narke takin mai magani, don haka idan ƙasa ta bushe kuma ba a sami tsawan ruwa ba na dogon lokaci, to ya kamata a gudanar da aikin bayan wadataccen ruwan sha.
A lokacin furanni, jan currants ana hada ta da takaddun ma'adinai masu hadadden ciki da kuma digon kaji.
Currants basa jure chlorine, sabili da haka, kuna buƙatar yin hankali sosai game da zaɓi na takin mai magani da amfani da sulfate maimakon potassium chloride.
Hakanan, a cikin bazara, dole ne a ciyar da shrub ɗin tare da takin gargajiya (humus, takin, taki, da sauransu). A kan ƙasa mai ni'ima, ana aiwatar da wannan aikin sau 1 a cikin shekaru 3, amma a ƙasashe matalauta dole ne a maimaita shi kowace shekara.
A lokacin rani:
- A lokacin rani, shrub yana buƙatar shayar yayin da ƙasa ta bushe, a cikin yanayi na yau da kullun da kuma rashin fari, ana aiwatar da aikin sau 1 cikin sati 2;
- Gogaggen lambu bayar da shawarar sassauta kasar gona kadan bayan kowace watering;
- Hakanan, a lokacin bazara, kuna buƙatar saka idanu kan tsabtar yankin tushen kuma cire duk ciyawar.
- A yayin samuwar da kuma cike 'ya'yan itace, ana iya fesa currant da abubuwan kara kuzari, amma hanya mafi aminci da inganci ita ce amfani da takin mai ruwa bayan an yi fure. Irin waɗannan takin mai magani sun haɗa da takin mai ruwa tare da jiko na mullein, tsutsar tsuntsaye ko slurry.
- Yawancin lambu da yawa suna amfani da infusions da aka shirya akan ganye daban-daban, bawon fruita fruitan itace, da dai sauransu azaman ciyarwar bazara. Ana iya amfani da waɗannan samfuran a ci gaba kuma a ƙara da su tare da kowane ruwa.
Kaka:
- A lokacin kaka, an rage adadin shayarwa zuwa sifili, zai zama wajibi ne a yi amfani da yawan danshi lokacin da ake shirya shrub din don hunturu;
- Hakanan ana ba da shawarar sassauta ƙasa a lokacin bazara don asalinsu su sami isashshen oxygen kamar yadda zai yiwu a cikin hunturu;
- Yana da matukar mahimmanci a gudanar da wankan tsabtarwa a lokacin bazara, a lokacin da duk busassun, cututtuka da lalacewar rassa za'a cire su. Wannan ya zama dole domin kawar da cututtuka da kwari;
- Bayan girbi, a ƙarƙashin daji, yi:
- 50 grams na superphosphate;
- 20 grams na potassium sulfate;
- Takin gargajiya (akan ƙasa mai amfani sau ɗaya kowace shekara 2).
Ana shirya lokacin hunturu a kasar
Kodayake currant na baƙar fata shine amfanin gona mai tsananin sanyi, har yanzu yana buƙatar ƙarin kariya a lokacin hunturu. Don yin wannan, zaku iya amfani da ɗayan hanyoyin masu zuwa:
Duk rassan daji dole ne a lankwasa su a hankali kuma dole ne a sanya adadin tubalin a sama, wanda zai zama kaya. Lokacin aiwatar da irin wannan aikin, yana da matukar mahimmanci kada a cutar da rassan shukar. Dusar ƙanƙara kariya ce ta halitta daga mummunan yanayin zafi, don haka wannan hanyar ba zata yiwu ba sai lokacin hunturu mai ƙanƙara.
Hakanan zaka iya kunsa kowane reshe na shrub ɗin a cikin agrofibre na musamman, yayin da zai zama mai kyau don ƙara rufi a cikin nau'in ulu na ma'adinai. Wannan kayan aikin yana da kyau don tsananin sanyi ko a lokacin da babu murfin dusar ƙanƙara.
Red da baƙin currants sune ban sha'awa na Berry, ruwan 'ya'yan itace ko compote daga wanda zai iya sauƙaƙe ƙishirwa a rana mai zafi, kuma jam ɗin da aka yi tare da waɗannan' ya'yan itacen yana da daɗin baƙin ciki da baƙon abu. Currants suna kawo girbi mai yawa, kuma noman su a cikin ƙasa zai ba ku damar tattara ɗimbin kayan haɗi daga daji ɗaya don sarrafawa.
Kuma a ƙarshe, ɗan gajeren bidiyo kan yadda ake haɓaka currants: