Ana ɗaukar furodusan a matsayin farkon nunannuwa na kankana. Sanannen sananne ne a tsakanin manoma da farko saboda yawan amfanin gona, juriya da cutar da kuma ɗanyun 'ya'yan itacen. A cikin wannan labarin zamuyi magana akan kwatanci da halayen mai samar da kankana. Kuma kuma koya game da siffofin wannan nau'in fasahar aikin gona.
Bayani da halaye na mai keɓaɓɓun kankana
Amurkawa ne suka yi kiwon Mai Kankana a ƙarshen ƙarni na 20. An yi imanin cewa furodusan ingantaccen fasalin ɗan kankana ne na Crimson. Bambanci tsakanin sabon sigar shine yafi kariya daga irin wadannan cututtukan kamar su anthracnose da ruɓa, don haka yawan amfanin gonar yana da girma sosai.
Mai ƙirar yana da nauyin daga 10 zuwa 20 kilogiram, gwargwadon yanayin girma da fasaha. Lasaramar ta kai cm 30-40. Tana da siffar oval. Barks suna da matsakaiciyar nauyi, tare da canza launuka masu launin kore da haske kore. Theangaren litattafan almara yana da haske ja, launi mai ƙarfi. Tsaba baƙi ne a cikin ainihin. A dandano mai dadi ne, sukari.
Scorik yana da girma a yankunan kudancin Rasha - Krasnodar, Caucasus. Har ila yau a cikin Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Tajikistan. Noma yana yiwuwa a tsakiyar layi har ma a cikin Siberia, amma kawai a cikin yanayin yanayin yanayi tare da fasahar ban ruwa.
Tarihin kiwo
Ana daukar Afirka a matsayin mahaifar kankana. Amma kankana da ake ci yanzu ("canteens") ya fara bayyana a Misira. Daga nan ne suka fara yaduwa a duniya. A karni na 20, masana kimiyya suka fara gwagwarmaya da irin wannan aiki na sanya kankana ta zama mai amfani - ajiyar dogon lokaci yayin adana dandano da arzikinta. Amurkawa sun sami nasarar yin hakan cikin nasara. Wannan shine yadda farkon nau'ikan Crimson Sweet ya bayyana, kuma daga gare su ingantaccen iri-iri ya bayyana - mai samarwa.
Babban yankuna masu tasowa: Amurka, Rasha, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, China.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani
Kyakkyawan fasali sun haɗa da:
- Mai dadi
- Babba
- Mai kamshi
- girke da wuri
- cuta mai jurewa
Korau:
- Ricarfafawa
- Dogaro da yanayin yanayi
- yana buƙatar shayarwa ta yau da kullun da kuma ciyar da ban ruwa na musamman
- ciki koyaushe baya samun lokacin kiyayewa
Dasa tsaba don shuka
Zai fi kyau a zabi farkon noman seedsa seedsan, tare da hangen nesa na kimanin kwanaki 90, ko matasan da suka fi jure yanayin sanyi. Ya kamata a dasa tsaba don tsire-tsire a ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon Mayu.
Cakuda sawdust, ƙasa da humus sun dace da ƙasa, zaku iya ƙara peat. Matsayin ya zama 3: 1. Don kar a dame ku, zaku iya siyan ƙasa ta musamman don kankana da gourds a cikin shagon ƙasar. Ya ƙunshi dukkan abubuwan da ake buƙata.
Kafin fara shuka, ya kamata a shirya tsaba:
- Tsoma cikin gilashin ruwa tare da maganin sodium chloride 3%.
- Kurkura tsaba waɗanda suka daidaita zuwa ƙasan cikin gauze a ƙarƙashin ruwan famfo
- bushe
- dumama na tsawon awanni 2 a zazzabi na digiri 55-60.
- riƙe a cikin potassium permanganate na rabin sa'a
- saka cikin mayafin cuku a kan makullin, jira bakin.
Zai fi kyau shuka tsaba a cikin tukwanen peat daban, saboda akwai babban yiwuwar lalata tushen lokacin dasa shuki a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa.
Fasahar sauka:
- Yi ramuka riga a cikin tukwanen da aka shirya tare da ƙasa
- dasa shuki
- Tashi.
- Don saurin tsirowa, rufe shi da tsare kuma sanya a wuri mai dumi.
Saukowa a cikin bude ƙasa
Domin shuka 'ya'yan kankana a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, kuna buƙatar zaɓi wuri. Ya kamata rana da dumi. Albasa, tumatir, kabeji bai kamata yayi girma a kusa ba. Hakanan, baza ku iya shukar ba a wurin da kankana ta riga ta girma a baya. Da farko kana buƙatar tono ƙasa, yantar da ita daga ciyawar. Takin da sawdust, humus.
Fasahar saukowa:
- Yi tsagi
- Raba tsaba 5 cm mai zurfi a nesa na 2 cm daga juna
- Yi wanka da ruwan dumi.
Kulawa da nomawa
Top miya. Wata daya bayan dasa shuki, lokacin da bulalar ta riga ta bayyana, kuna buƙatar takin kankana da mullein (1: 6), superphosphate (1:15). Yi ciyarwa ta gaba lokacin da akwai ovaries.
Shayarwa... Ya kamata a yi shayar sau biyu a rana yayin girma. To zai wadatar sau ɗaya a mako. Lokacin da fruitsa fruitsan itacen suka bayyana, ban ruwa ya tsaya.
Kwanciyar hankali. Kankana kullum tana bukatar zafi. Matsakaicin zafin jiki shine digiri 25-30.
Aski. Yanke saman harbe cikin lokaci don 'ya'yan su zama manya.
Sake haifuwa
'Ya'yan kankana ana shukawa ta hanyar iri. A yanayi, thea fruitan itacen na iya faɗuwa, ya tsage, kuma tsaba su haɗa ƙasa.
Ana yaduwar kankana ba tare da tsaba ba ta hanyar pollination na uwa da uba iri. Babu zuriyar na dogon lokaci.
Fasali na fasahar kere kere
- Ducwararru iri-iri yana da tsananin damuwa. Yana da wahala a jure canjin yanayi, duk wani sakaci a cikin kulawa.
- Cututtukan da ke jure cututtukan ruɓa da anthracnose.
- Babban aiki.
- Rikicin kwayar iri har zuwa kashi 95%.
Cututtuka da kwari
Duk da cewa mai samarwa yana da rigakafi na ruɓa da anthracnoseAkwai sauran kwari da cututtuka da yawa da ya kamata ku sani.
Guna... Wani kwaro mai cutarwa wanda yake kamuwa da kawayen kankana. Spotsananan launi suna bayyana akan su, masu tushe kansu curl. Don adana kankana, kana buƙatar cire cikakkun harbe-harben cuta.
Mizanin gizo-gizo... Matsayin mai mulkin, suna bayyana lokacin da kawai aka dasa shuki. Saƙar gizo-gizo tana ƙira a ƙarƙashin ganyayyaki, inda kaska ke zaune. Theasa, bi da bi, zai fara bushewa a hankali. Don hana kamuwa da cuta daga dukan tsire-tsire, dole ne a ƙone ganyen da abin ya shafa. Har ila yau, a kai a kai fesa tare da kula da kwaro.
Farin fure... Nau'in naman gwari. An rufe masu tushe tare da fararen fata, a hankali bushewa. Lokacin da wannan naman gwari ya bayyana akan kankana, kuna buƙatar cire ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma fesa maganin tare da dakatar da caratan.
Tushen ruba... Fungi mai raɗaɗi a cikin ƙasa. Ganye yana bushewa kuma ya mutu da sauri. Don hana wannan, kuna buƙatar bincika haɗin ƙasa a gaba (dakin gwaje-gwaje na musamman, da dai sauransu)
Janar rigakafin cututtuka
Kafin dasa shuki, kana buƙatar fesa ƙasa tare da maganin disinfectant.
Duba tsire-tsire kowace rana, cire ganyen cuta da mai tushe a kan lokaci.
Yawancin mazauna lokacin rani suna magana da kyau game da wannan iri-iri. Na farko, saboda 'ya'yan itace mai daɗi da ɗanɗano. Abu na biyu, duk da rashin haƙuri game da canjin yanayi, yana da matukar wahala. Abu na uku, ana iya adana shi a cikin wuri mai sanyi na tsawon watanni shida.