Lemun tsami itacen thermophilic ne wanda za a iya girma a gida. Irin wannan al'adun citrus, wanda aka dasa a zafin jiki na ɗaki daga dutse, koyaushe zai farantawa ido rai da ganyayen sa masu ganye.
Amma don samun yellowa fruitsan rawaya masu ƙanshi, kuna buƙatar dasa shuka da kyau.
Fasali da yanayin allurar rigakafi
Girma lemun tsami a gida tsari ne mai sauƙi. Wannan yana buƙatar kayan shuka mai inganci, kwantena da ƙasa da kulawa mai kyau. Yarda da duk yanayin da ake buƙata don ci gaba zai ba da damar shuka kyakkyawar bishiyar citta tare da ƙwayoyin ganyayyaki masu ƙarfi. Zai yiwu zai fara ba da 'ya'ya aƙalla a cikin shekaru bakwai.
Kuna iya samun fruitsa fruitsan itace masu amfani da sauri idan kun dasa al'adu ta zaɓar zaɓi mai kyau. Wannan aikin zai baku damar samun girbi na farko cikin shekaru uku. Wasu lemun zaki na iya samar da fruita fruita a cikin shekarar farko bayan dasa su.
Grafting shine motsi na harbe ko buds daga ɗayan zaɓaɓɓen tsire zuwa wani don cikakken ƙwarewa. Dole ne a aiwatar da wannan aikin shekara guda bayan dasa shuki, lokacin da koren kore mai ƙarfi zai tsiro daga zuriya.
Mafi kyawun lokacin dasa bishiyoyi ko harbe shine tsakiyar bazara. A wannan lokacin, tsire-tsire yana fara haɓaka ayyukan duk matakan da ake buƙata don rayuwa. Idan ya cancanta, zaku iya dasa lemun tsami a gida a watan Agusta.
Yadda zaka zabi jari?
Don tasirin maganin alurar riga kafi, ya kamata a zaɓi tushen tushe mai inganci - al'adun da ake aiwatar da su. Kyakkyawan mahaifiya shukar itace tsiro mai girma wacce ke da diamita na rabin santimita.
Shoarfi mai ƙarfi na albarkatun citrus kamar ɗan itacen inabi, lemu da lemun tsami ana amfani da su azaman tushen burodi. Lokacin zabar shuka don dasawa, yakamata mutum yayi la'akari da halaye daban-daban na shuka - girma, dandano, yanayin cuta.
Kyakkyawan zaɓi don dasa shuki a cikin tsire-tsire zai zama kayan amfanin gona mara ƙaranci ko dwarf.
Kafin aiwatar da aikin, an girbe ƙananan rassan lemun tsami da yawa. Irin wannan scion ɗin kayan ne wanda aka ɗora akan ɗiyar mahaifiya; motheraunan frua fruan itace kawai ya kamata a ɗauka. An cire harbe daga ƙaya da ganyaye. Rananan harbe da ƙananan dabbobi ne kawai ya kamata su kasance akan rassan.
Hanyoyin dakon lemon zaki na gida
Ana amfani da zaɓuɓɓukan grafting da yawa don yin maganin amfanin gona na citrus:
- Yankan... Ana iya amfani da wannan hanyar a lokacin bazara da bazara. Ana aiwatar dashi ta amfani da rassa tare da takamaiman adadin ganye. Kuna iya aiwatar da zaɓuɓɓuka biyu don sifa - "haushi" da "tsaga"
- Mamayewa. A yayin aikin daskarewa, ana amfani da haja da bangaren da aka sanya shi tare da kauri iri ɗaya. Irin wannan haɗin ta amfani da yankan zai iya zama mai sauƙi kuma inganta.
- Budding. Wannan ita ce hanyar yin allurar riga-kafi. Za a gudanar a watan Afrilu da Mayu. Don tasowa, ana amfani da toho guda ɗaya tare da murfin katako na bakin ciki, wanda aka zaɓa daga yankan tsire-tsire da aka shuka. Irin wannan ramin ɓaure ana saka shi a cikin bawon ƙwarya.
Wata daya kafin grafting, ya kamata ku bincika yanayin asalin al'adun kuma, idan ya cancanta, maye gurbin ƙasa.
Yadda ake dasa ta yanka?
A farkon bazara, tsiron yana rayar da duk tsarin rayuwa. Itacen rayayye ke tsiro rassa da ganye, waxanda ke da kyau don yankewa.
Lemun tsami tare da taimakon samarin scion ana aiwatar dashi a matakai da yawa:
- kayan da aka tsabtace daga ƙura an yanke su a kwance a tsayin santimita biyar daga ƙasa;
- ana yin tsagawa a tsaye zuwa zurfin santimita biyu na babban tushe;
- a ƙasan abun yankan, anyi maƙushin yankewa daidai da wanda aka yanke akan tushe;
- an saka tsutsa a ƙarshen tare da koda a cikin raunin da ya haifar;
- scion wanda ya shiga yankakken yana dannewa a hankali a kan kara;
- an haɗa mahadar a hankali da tef na roba;
- an yanka abin da aka sare a kan kara tare da kayan lambu na musamman.
Irin wannan grafting ta hanyar cuttings ana kiransa "don haushi".
Matasa tsire-tsire ba sa jure hasken rana kai tsaye. Hasken wucin gadi zai zama mafi kyawun zaɓi a gida.
Engirƙirar yankan "cikin rami" ana yin su kaɗan kaɗan:
- an datse dukkan haushi daga tushe nesa da santimita bakwai;
- sauran hannun jari ya kasu kashi biyu tare da wuka mai kaifi zuwa zurfin santimita biyu zuwa hudu;
- tushe na yankan an yanke shi ba daga gefe ba;
- an saka scion a cikin raunin, wanda dole ne ya kasance aƙalla buds uku;
- an nade yankin grafting a cikin kayan fim.
Don dasawa mai tasiri, ya zama dole a danntse bawon scion da saiwar gora a yayin iska.
Ana sanya akwati tare da itacen citrus wanda aka ɗora a wuri mai dumi inda yakamata a sami iska ta yau da kullun. Lokacin da rayayyun petioles suka fara faɗuwa, kuna buƙatar narkar da bandejin kaɗan, kuma tare da ci gaban aiki na kodan, an cire shi gaba ɗaya.
Mamayewa
Dole ne a gudanar da wannan hanyar dasawa yayin kwanciyar hankali na shuka, wanda ke faruwa a cikin hunturu. Hakanan zaka iya yin kwafi a farkon bazara har sai ƙwayoyin sun fara bayyana.
Wannan dasawa shine ɗayan zaɓuɓɓukan tallafi na gama gari. Abu ne mai sauqi don yin shi:
- an zaba jari da scion mai kauri iri daya;
- ana yin yanke-yanke iri daya a jikin uwar shuka da kuma yankan;
- sassan da aka yanke suna daidaita da juna;
- An sake dawo da ma'anar tashar tare da tef.
Ya kamata a yi ƙyallen a hankali sosai, yankan matattun da ba su motsa ba. Tare da daidaitawa daidai, ƙwanƙolin gida bayan ɗan lokaci zai fara rayuwa, tsiro. Idan irin waɗannan alamun sun bayyana, dole ne a cire suturar.
Yadda ake shuka lemun tsami a gida domin ya bada 'ya'ya ta hanyar toho?
Budding ko peephole grafting ita ce hanya mafi sauki ta dasawa ta amfani da yanka. Ana iya aiwatar da wannan aikin daga tsakiyar bazara zuwa ƙarshen watan Agusta. A wannan lokacin, shuke-shuke fara rayayye ya kwarara ruwan itace. A lokacin bazara, an zaɓi ido mai toho don allura, kuma a ƙarshen bazara, ana amfani da kayan a cikin yanayin bacci.
Don scion, kuna buƙatar yanke harbi tare da toho tare da wuka mai kaifi mai tsabta kuma kuyi yanke biyu kwance. Na farko santimita daya ne sama da toho, na biyu kuma yana da centimita daya da rabi a ƙasa da harbin da ake yi.
Don ƙaddamar da cuttings ta hanyar hanyar budding, ya zama dole:
- sanya ƙira a cikin siffar harafin "T" a kan bawon hawan mai tsabta mai tsabta;
- tanƙwara sasanninta a cikin haushi, wanda aka kafa sakamakon ƙwanƙwasawa;
- sanya scion da aka shirya cikin ratar da aka kafa;
- an nannade wurin allurar rigakafin da tef domin koda kanta ya kasance a bude;
- saman da aka gudanar dasa shi an rufe shi da kayan lambu.
An rufe shuka da aka dasa da kwalban filastik ko jakar filastik don ƙirƙirar tasirin greenhouse. A kan aiwatar da accretion na scion da rootstock, yi na yau da kullum samun iska da kuma cire ba dole ba harbe.
Ana cire bandeji mai haɗawa da murfin greenhouse bayan wata ɗaya. Idan budding ya ci nasara, tsinken ya kamata ya fadi, ya bar kololuwa kawai a kan kara. An yanke igiyar daga nesa nesa da santimita goma daga toho.
Budding ne mai kyau a cikin hadari weather. Humara laima a cikin yanayi zai taimaka kare kodar daga bushewa.
Don kyakkyawan sakamako, ya kamata ka bi wasu shawarwari daga masu aikin lambu:
- cikakken sterility na dukkan aikin;
- duk yanke ya kamata a yi shi da kaifi, da wuka mai kaifi;
- amfani da lafiya, tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi don haja;
- cire ƙarancin harbe bayan dasawa akan tushe;
- shayar da ruwa da ruwa mai yawa kafin dasawa;
- bayan alurar riga kafi, yi amfani da greenhouse, wanda ya kamata a sanya shi a kai a kai;
- jika kasar a cikin karamin-greenhouse tare da auduga wanda aka tsoma a ruwa.
Bayan nasarar haɗuwa, ƙaramin reshen an ɗora shi yana ɗaure da ƙusoshin a cikin yanayin kwance. Yakamata a dasa shukar itacen Citrus a koyaushe, yana hana ƙasa yin bushewa.
Shuka lemun tsami a gida kuma ku sami girbi na farko akan lokaci ga kowa da kowa. Don sakamako mai fa'ida, ya zama dole a zabi hanyar allurar rigakafi, da aiwatar da aikin daidai.