Yawancin lambu da yawa sun fi son mai danshi mai daɗi da yawa na kangon Ogonyok. Ya dace da haɓaka a yankunan kudanci da tsakiyar ƙasar. Don samun wadataccen girbi, kuna buƙatar bin dokoki da yawa masu mahimmanci. Wadanne ne? Bari muyi magana a cikin wannan labarin. Bari mu fara da bayanin kankana.
Bayani da halaye na kankana
Shekara-shekara daga dangin kabewa. Spark wani nau'ine ne na zamani wanda yake jurewa yanayin yanayi.
Lokacin nunannin ya ɗauki kwanaki 75-87. Juriya ga cututtuka da yawa. Ya yi kama da zagayen ƙwallo a cikin sifa, ya kai nauyin kilogram 2.5. Matsakaicin nauyin fruita fruita ɗaya shine kilogiram 1.5-2. 'Ya'yan itacen suna da lafiyayyen jan nama mai fewan tsaba.
Fatar jikin Berry ya fi na bakin ciki, launin kore duhu. Rashin dacewar siririn fata shine yayin safara, kankana na iya fasawa kuma cikin sauki ya canza. Wataƙila wannan ba shine mafi kyawun zaɓi don kasuwanci ba, amma nau'ikan sun dace don haɓaka cikin ƙananan yawa a cikin gidan rani. Saboda dandano mai dadi, mai zaki, na hatsi, zai zama abin birgewa ga teburin bazara-kaka.
Tarihin kiwo da yankin ci gaba
A karni na 13 zuwa 14, kankana tazo mana daga kasashen Afirka. A cikin Rasha, Ogonyok har yanzu yana da mashahuri sosai a lokacin rani. A cewar masu shayarwa, nau'ikan gida suna daga cakuda irin na Asiya da na Sugar. An haife shi a Cibiyar Nazarin Kayan Lambu ta Soviet, kusa da Kharkov.
Berry ya sami nasarar zama tushen a Rasha. An yi girma a yankuna na kudu, yankuna na tsakiya har ma a cikin Urals. Gaskiya ne, a arewa, Ogonyok yayi girma cikin yanayin greenhouse.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani na nau'ikan
Don shuka amfanin gona, kuna buƙatar shirya shafin yadda yakamata don dasa shuki. Yana da kyau a shuka kankana a kan ƙasa inda hatsi da kuma ɗanyen hatsi da suka girma a baya. Shuka ya kamata a fara a ƙarshen Mayu - farkon Yuni.
Ogonyok iri-iri yana da fa'idodi da yawa: jere daga dandano zuwa daidaita zuwa kowane yanayin yanayi. Amma akwai rashi daya kawai - kankana baida batun ajiya na dogon lokaci. kuma suna buƙatar cin su a cikin 'yan makonni bayan girbi.
Dokokin sauka
A cikin bude ƙasa, ana shuka tsaba a rabi na biyu na Afrilu. Amma yana da kyau ka shuka kankana ta hanya irin ta shuka. Tsaba don tsire-tsire suna buƙatar shirya a farkon Afrilu:
- zaka iya sayan tsaba a kowane shago na musamman ko ka tambayi wani wanda yayi nasarar shuka girbin kankana Ogonyok;
- yayin shirya tsaba, ka tabbata ba wofi bane. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar saukar da tsaba a cikin gilashin ruwa. Idan wasu daga cikin irin sun tashi sama, to babu komai a ciki kuma kuna iya zubar da su lafiya;
- don mafi kyaun tsire-tsire, ana bada shawara don ƙona tsaba ta ruwan zãfi;
- don germination, ana ba da shawarar kunsa tsaba a cikin rigar mai danshi. Lokacin da tsiro suka fashe, dasa su a cikin tukwane;
- ga tsaba guda biyu, tukunya daya karamin diamita. Soilasa mafi kyau don tsirrai: humus, peat, sawdust, sod land;
- kafin tsiro, dole ne a rufe tukunyar da fim. Bayan da tsiro suka bayyana, sanya su kusa da taga a wuri mai rana.
An dasa shuki a ƙarshen bazara - farkon bazara. Dokokin saukowa:
- Yakamata ayi saplings a nesa na 0.7 m. Tsakanin layuka 0.9-1 m. Nisa. Shuka a cikin tsarin dubawa.
- Nau'ikan iri-iri sun fi son ƙasa mai sauƙi wanda ya ba da damar ruwa wucewa da kyau kuma ya ji ɗumi da sauri. A kan titi t + 15 + 18C dole ne a kiyaye shi.
- Ana sanya tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin 10 cm don kawai ganye biyu ne kawai suka rage akan farfajiyar.
- Don rufe ƙasa, an rufe lambun kayan lambu da tsare har sai farkon harbe-harbe ya fara.
A cikin Arewa, ana shuka 'ya'yan itacen berries a cikin greenhouses. Sown a ƙarshen Afrilu. A cikin greenhouse, kuna buƙatar dumi ƙasa, godiya ga halittar da yawa yadudduka na hay, humus, takin mai magani nitrogen.
Yanayin girma
Ingantaccen ciyarwa na iya haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa da muhimmanci... Makonni 2 bayan dasa shuki, zaka iya shigar da kashin farko na taki: saro maganin taki saniya 0.5 l tare da l 10 na ruwan dumi. Ana zuba lita 1 na taki a ƙarƙashin kowane daji.
Ana amfani da suturar saman ta biyu bayan wasu makonni 2: hada superphosphate 40g, potassium chloride 30g, ammonium nitrate 10g, tsarma komai a cikin lita 10 na ruwan dumi. Lokacin da furanni da ƙwai suka bayyana a kan bishiyoyi, kuna buƙatar cire mara ƙarfi kuma bar furanni masu ƙarfi 3-4.
Top dressing na amfanin gona kowane sati 2 za'a iya yi tare da jiko na sabon yankakken nettle. Wajibi ne a cika ganyen da ruwa a bar shi ya daɗe har tsawon kwanaki. Ruwa ramuka kusa da daji.
Shayar da kankana Spark ya zama matsakaici. A lokacin zafi, sau ɗaya a kowace kwanaki 5, a cikin matsakaiciyar lokaci - sau ɗaya kowace kwana 7-10. A cikin lokacin aiki na ci gaban 'ya'yan itace, ya kamata a rage ban ruwa, kuma a yanayin greenhouse, ba ruwa sam.
Fasali na wannan iri-iri
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa:
- Berry zata fi kyau bayan hatsi, hatsi, kabeji.
- Idan akwai sinadarin nitrogen da yawa a cikin kasar, ‘ya’yan itacen zasu yi kadan.
- 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a yayin ripening da girma ya kamata a sauya lokaci zuwa lokaci. Yana da kyau a sanya tsare a karkashin kankana ta yadda gefe daya ba zai rube ba.
- Idan akwai wata tururuwa kusa da kankana a cikin lambun, to lallai ne lallai ne ku rabu da shi. In ba haka ba, amfanin gona zai lalace.
- Kuna iya ajiye Ogonyok a cikin ɗakin ajiyar wata ɗaya.
Cututtuka da kwari
Babban cututtuka na tayin:
- Maganin fure. Za'a iya gano shi ta fari ko launin rawaya mai rawaya akan ganyen. 'Ya'yan itacen sun zama ba sa cin abinci kuma suna fara ruɓewa, na iya rage gudu a girma ko ba su girma sam;
- Kusurwa mai kusurwa. Bar bushe, ramuka sun bayyana, 'ya'yan itacen sun ɓace;
- Rot. Yana shafar tushen, yana haifar da mutuwar tsire-tsire da tayi.
Wadannan magunguna zasu taimaka wajen kawar da cututtuka:
- aiwatar da yankin tare da manna (potassium permanganate, ruwa da markadadden alli);
- bi da wuraren tare da maganin jan karfe chloride;
- 65% Fentiuram bayani;
- 0.1% Fundazol.
Mafi kwari mafi hatsari ga Wuta sune: aphids da wireworms. Don magance kwari, zaka iya amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi - Decis.
Don jin daɗin 'ya'yan kankana na Ogonyok, kuna buƙatar koyon yadda ake shuka shuke-shuke da kyau da kuma kula da amfanin gona bayan an dasa a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa. Sannan girbi yayi alƙawarin zama mai wadata, kuma 'ya'yan itacen mai daɗi da sukari.