Manyan Tumatir sabon tumatir ne wanda ya fara daɗewa da girke-girke wanda makiyayan Rasha suka kirkira, waɗanda yawancin masu aikin lambu sun riga sun ƙaunace shi. Wadannan tumatir suna da saukin kulawa, saboda haka, koda masu farawa zasu iya ɗaukar noman wannan nau'ikan. Bayani da halayen tumatirin Big Mom an ba su a ƙasa.
Bayani da halaye na nau'ikan tumatir Babban Mama
Tumatir Babba maman itace mai tantancewa. Watau, bayan bayyanar buroshi na biyar, daji ya daina girma kuma duk ƙarfinsa yana zuwa ga samuwar da 'ya'yan itacen ya nuna. Shi ya sa tsayin dasa ya kai 65-70 cm kawai, wanda ba ya tsoma baki tare da tattara har zuwa kilogiram 10 na tumatir daga kowane daji. Tsarin tushe mai karfi na tumatir ya banbanta a fadi, saboda shi ne tsiron yake gamsar da bukatunsa na danshi da abubuwanda yake da amfani.
Bayyanar:
- akwati mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi;
- mafi kyau duka yawan ganye;
- haske koren ganye ba tare da balaga ba (kamar dankali);
- fruitsa arean itace -a shapedan zuciya, masu ɗan riɓi, tare da ƙaramin hanci.
Kamar yadda ganyaye 7 suka girma, harbi na farko da ke shuki a kan tsiron. Sannan 'ya'yan itacen' ya'yan itace suna bayyana a ko'ina kowane ganye 2. Nauyin 'ya'yan itace 250-350 g, tumatir na farko sun fara girma cikin kwanaki 85 bayan yaduwar su a cikin kwantenan shuka. Fatar wannan nau'in tumatir mai yawa ne, mai haske ja.
Tarihin kiwo
Tumatir Babban Mama har yanzu sabon abu ne a kasuwarmu. Masu kiwo na Rasha ne suka shayar dashi, suna neman shuka manyan tumatir masu daɗi don amfani dashi don abinci da girbi. A cikin Rijistar Jiha ta Tarayyar Rasha, wannan nau'in an yi rajista a cikin 2013, kuma an ba shi ga masu amfani ne kawai a cikin 2015. Amma koda a cikin wannan karamin lokaci, wannan tumatir din ya samu nasarar samar da kansa mai 'ya'ya da girma sosai. Tumatir mallakar kamfanin Gavrish LLC ne.
Wannan iri na farko da aka ba da shawarar a yi girma a cikin yanayin greenhouse don girma a cikin greenhouses, inda za a iya girbe har zuwa kilogiram 10 na 'ya'yan itatuwa masu daɗi da zaki daga kowane daji.
Nauyin tumatir akan rassan farko ya kai 350 g, a kan ƙananan harbe - har zuwa 250. Kowane tumatir ya dogara ne akan ƙwanƙwasa mai ƙarfi wanda baya barin amfanin gona ya faɗi. A kudanci, ya halatta a shuka tumatir a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani na nau'ikan
Tumatirin Big Mama na da nasa fa'idodi, wanda yawancin masu lambu ke yaba masa:
- dandano mai kyau;
- babban aiki;
- juriya ga cututtuka da yawa;
- balaga da wuri;
- manyan fruitsa fruitsan itace;
- kyakkyawar zirga-zirga;
- tsawon rayuwa.
Tumatir ana iya tsince shi ba lafiya ba, kuma a cikin yanayin ɗaki suna girma sosai ba tare da rasa ko ɗanɗano ko sura ba. Babban fasali na nau'ikan shine adadi mai yawa na abubuwa masu amfani, an haɗa su a cikin fruitsa fruitsan itace - alli, magnesium, bitamin E, C, PP, B. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa waɗannan tumatir suke da kyau su ci sabo kuma a cikin salads. Amma a cikin shirye-shiryen, thea fruitsan itacen kuma basa barin fa'ida da dandano, saboda haka manyan thea Moman maman ana ɗauka wani zaɓi mafi kyau don yin juyawar hunturu.
Abubuwa marasa kyau ba samu a cikin iri-iri.
Dasa tsaba
Nasiha! Don shuka wannan nau'in tumatir, da farko kuna buƙatar shuka tsaba don tsire-tsire. Ana ba da shawarar yin hakan a farkon zuwa tsakiyar Maris, kwanaki 60-70 kafin dasa bishiyoyin cikin yanayin greenhouse. Kafin shuka iri, ya kamata a bi da su a cikin ruwan hoda mai haske na potassium permanganate, wacce hanya ce mai kyau ta rigakafin cututtuka daban-daban. Bayan aiki, tsaba suna buƙatar tsirowa, wanda dole ne a lulluɓe su cikin rigar mai danshi su bar cikin ɗaki mai dumi.
Yayin da tsaba ke tsiro ya wajaba a shirya ƙasar don shuka. Don waɗannan dalilai, an halatta a yi amfani da ƙasa iri iri, wanda aka sayar a cikin shaguna. Wani haske mai haske, wanda aka bashi abubuwan gina jiki, yana bukatar a dan jika shi kadan, sannan kuma dole ne ayi zurfin zurfin da ya kai cm 1.5. Dole ne a sanya tsaba a hankali cikin wadannan ramuka, wadanda kuma sai a yayyafa su da wani fili na kasar gona.
Bayan shuka, an girka kwantenan tsire-tsire a wuri mai dumi (dole ne ya zama haske), inda zazzabin zai kasance a kewayon + 23- + 25 ° С.
Mako guda baya, farkon tsiro zai bayyana, bayan haka an cire fim ɗin, kuma an ɗora kwanten tsire a kan windowsill. Bayan ganye 3 sun bayyana akan shuke-shuke, za'ayi zazzage, yayin da ake dasa shukoki tare da ƙasa zuwa cikin kwantena daban. Godiya ga nutsewar, kowane daji yana samun isasshen iska da ƙasa mai gina jiki, wanda zai ba shi damar girma sosai. Bayan dasawa, ana shayar da ciyawar. Ana ba da shawarar yin hakan da safe, lokacin da rana take a waje, yayin da a cikin gajimare yanayin shuke-shuke zai miƙe da ƙarfi. Yayin shayarwa, kar a ambaliya shuke-shuke da yawa, in ba haka ba za su fara mikewa da sauri - wannan zai haifar da raunin tsire-tsire. Rashin bushewar ƙasa zai shafi yanayin daji da yawan haihuwa a nan gaba.
Tumatir mai girma
Don samun girbi mai kyau da wuri tumatir Babban Mama na buƙata samar da tsirrai da kulawa mai inganci... Ya kunshi dasawa akan lokaci na dasa shuki, shayarwa, sassautawa, cire ciyawa, ciyarwa da sauran ayyukan, wanda yakamata a koya musu daki-daki.
Dasa shuki
Wajibi ne a dasa tsire-tsire a cikin greenhouse bayan an daidaita yanayin yanayin kwanciyar hankali da daddare - a ƙarshen ko tsakiyar watan Mayu. Lokacin da aka dasa shuki, dole ne a kiyaye dokoki masu zuwa:
- Don saukowa kuna buƙatar zabi shuke-shuke mai tsayin 25 cm, tare da ganyen gaskiya 6 ko 9. Wayar ƙwayoyin ya kamata ta zama mai ƙarfi kuma tushenta ya bunkasa sosai, wanda zai ba da damar ƙauyukan su yi jijiya sosai.
- Kowane rami yana buƙatar kara danshi na humus, taki da toka, a cikin adadin 0.5 kilogiram a cikin 1 m².
- Tsarin dasa shuki - 4-5 inji mai kwakwalwa. na 1 m², idan karin bishiyoyi sun kasance, to bai kamata ku dunka dasa shuka da su ba, saboda wannan zai haifar da cututtukan shuka.
- Shayar tsire-tsire da aka dasa a ƙasa sau ɗaya a mako, amma da yawa. Idan kuna yawan yin hakan sau da yawa, asalinsu ba za su iya numfasawa ta al'ada da karɓar abubuwan gina jiki, don haka tsire-tsire ba za su ci gaba da kyau ba.
Yanayin girma
Bayan shukokin sun kafu, sai ku ciyar dasu. Tumatir ya amsa sosai ga gabatarwar kwayoyin halitta (taki, dusar ruwa), wanda za'a iya ciyar dashi sau 3 a lokacin girma.
Ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da takin mai rikitarwa ba shi da ƙasa da muhimmanci. Tumatir yana buƙatar nitrogen a matakin farko na ci gaba, tun kafin ya fara fure, don haka ana buƙatar ciyar da tsire-tsire bayan sun sami tushe. Za'a iya ƙara potassium da phosphorus a cikin ƙasa a lokacin bazara.
Don samar da tushen da iska mai kyau, Wajibi ne a kwance ƙasa a hankali kuma a hankali, ƙoƙari kada ya lalata asalinsu.
Tunda har manyan fruitsa fruitsan itace 6 ke girma akan kowane reshe, dole ne a harbe harbe.
Duk da cewa tumatir na Babban Mama ba ya buƙatar tsunkule, lokaci-lokaci yana samar da ƙarin harbe, don haka ana iya aiwatar da wannan aikin lokaci-lokaci, wanda zai ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa. Don wannan duk harbe-harben gefen da ke ƙasa da goga na farko an yanke su ta irin wannan hanyar da hemp baya zama a wurin su. Tumatir daji Babban Maman an kafa shi zuwa mai tushe 2, kuma akan shuke-shuke mafi ƙarfi zaku iya barin tushe 3.
Fasali na 'ya'yan itace
Don samun girbi mai kyau na tumatir, kana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman ga shuke-shuke, farawa daga lokacin da tsaba ta tsiro. Wannan nau'ikan ya fi buƙata kan danshi yayin ƙwayoyin iri, da kuma cika fruita fruitan itace. A wasu lokutan lokacin girma, tumatir ba shi da mahimmanci game da danshi. Zai ma fi kyau idan tumatir ba shi da danshi yayin noman shukoki, furanni da saitin fruita fruitan itace, don haka yana hana haɓakar harbe-harbe da ganye.
Amma kuma ba zai yuwu a bar kasar ta bushe gaba daya bayan shuka ba, tunda furannin na iya rukewa da sauri. Bayan haka, rashin danshi yana barazanar matsaloli masu zuwa:
- tsire-tsire yana raguwa;
- daji na tumatir ya raunana, ya zama sirara;
- takin zamani bashi da nutsuwa.
Tunda a cikin busasshiyar ƙasa, ƙwarin takin mai magani yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke haifar da ƙonewar tsire-tsire da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Cututtuka da rigakafin su
Tumatir Babban Mama tana da tsayayya ga irin waɗannan cututtukan fungal, kamar ƙarshen buguwa, fure mai laushi, mosaic na taba. Amma don hana bayyanar su, ana buƙatar aiwatar da wasu matakan kariya, kamar mulching ƙasa, sassautawa, cire ciyawa.
Wannan nau'ikan shine kyakkyawan haɗin manyan-'ya'yan itace da kuma farkon balaga. daga cikin ƙayyadaddun iri. Hakanan, wannan nau'ikan ya sami kyakkyawan nazari mai kyau don ɗanɗano, ɗanɗano mai sauƙi da sauƙi na kulawa.