Dankali ya shahara sosai tsakanin har ma da gourmets masu ƙwarewa. Kuma kodayake wannan kayan lambu ne mai sauƙi wanda ba sabon abu bane, amma kuma koyaushe bazai iya farantawa mazaunan bazara rai ba, tunda yana fama da cututtuka waɗanda zasu iya rage yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Mafi yawan cututtukan dankalin turawa da hanyoyin magance su
Bugu da ari, za mu yi magana game da cututtukan da suka fi dacewa da kwari waɗanda ke son cin ribar dankali da yadda za a yi saurin kawar da su.
Lightarshen bala'i
Marigayi blight ne daya daga cikin cututtukan da ba su da hankali, wanda zai iya lalata 15% na yawan amfanin gona na dankalin turawa.
Bayyanar sa ta lalace ne ta hanyar kayan gwari masu ƙarancin ƙarfi kamar su oomycetes. Idan kwayoyin cuta suna cikin kasar, to yiwuwar kamuwa da wannan cuta tayi yawa.
Bugu da kari, irin wadannan namomin kaza suna matukar kaunar danshi, saboda ruwan bazara da yanayin zafi sama da digiri 15 zai taimaka matuka wajen yaduwarsu.
Ba shi da wahala ko kadan gano alamun makararriya, tun da ganyen sun fara zama baqi, kuma daga qasa za ku ga fararen fata a kansu, wanda ke nuna kasancewar fungi.
Matsalar ita ce iska da ruwan sama na iya yada wadannan kwayoyi a filin. Bututun sun zama baƙi kuma sun zama babbar barazana ga dazuzzukan da ke makwabtaka da su.
Don kauce wa kamuwa da cuta, dole ne a kiyaye waɗannan hanyoyin:
- ya kamata a dasa dankali a wuri daya ba zai wuce shekaru 3 a jere ba;
- ya fi kyau sauka a fili, haka kuma a wuri mai haske da iska mai iska;
- ya kamata kiyaye tazara tsakanin dazuzzuka;
- kada ku dasa shukar da abin ya shafa;
- kafin dasa shuki, dankalin dole ne a bushe shi sosai a cikin iska mai ɗumi a zazzabi na digiri 18 na sati 2;
- don haka tubers su kasance masu tsayayya da cuta, ana sarrafa su Immunocytophyte ko Agatom-25K.
Nau'in scab
Hakanan dankalin turawa yana fama da nau'ikan ɓawon 3: baƙi, hoda da kuma azurfa.
Black scab
Kamar yadda ake kiransa rosoctoniasis, yana iya haifar da matsala mai yawa ga mazaunan bazara. Cutar na shafar tubers da fi.
A farkon matakan, scab zai iya dakatar da girma dankali, kuma bayan lokaci, al'adun zasu mutu gaba ɗaya. Cutar ta bayyana kanta a cikin sifofin baƙar fata da suka yi kama da ciwo.
Kyakkyawan yanayi don ci gaban baƙar fata shine ƙarancin zafi da ƙarancin iska mai ƙarancin digiri 18.
Yadda za a rabu da rosoctonia, wasu shawarwari masu zuwa za su sa ku:
- kada ku dasa tubers masu cuta a cikin ƙasa;
- kada ku shuka a wuri daya tsawon shekaru a jere.
- idan ƙasa ta shafi baƙar fata, to ya kamata aiwatar da kayan shuka tare da Girma ko Maxim.
Foda
Shima yana cutar ganye da tubers. Ana iya ganin jan rauni a kan dankalin, wanda daga karshe ya lalata shuka. Ana daukar cutar ta iska ko ta humus, ko kuma kashin kaji.
Don magance wannan cutar, ana amfani da mafita na musamman, don shirye-shiryen da suke ɗauka:
- Lita 10 na ruwa;
- 3% bleach;
- 5% sulfate na jan ƙarfe.
Don amfani da ruwa 300 ml ga kowane daji.
Azurfa
Wata cuta mai ɓarna wanda zai iya busar da kara ko tuber kansa. Yana bayyana kansa a cikin sifofin silvery wanda zai iya rufe kusan 50% na farfajiya.
Cutar da ta dace da zazzabi aƙalla aƙalla digiri 3 na ma'aunin Celsius da kuma yanayin ɗumi na akalla 80%. Kuma spores suna rayuwa cikin tubers na dogon lokaci, tunda suna iya jurewa harma da sanyi.
A cikin yaki da wannan cuta, kayan aiki kamar:
- Maxim, ana magance su da tubers kwanaki 3 kafin a dasa su kuma a shanya sosai a rana.
- Quadris, wanda ake amfani da shi a kan shuka dab da dasa shuki.
L-virus
Kwayar ta L tana daya daga cikin ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari, wanda ke shafar kusan 30% na amfanin gona na dankalin turawa. Akwai hanyoyi 2 na yada kwayar cutar: aphids da saduwa da shuke-shuke masu cutar.
Alamomin cutar sun dogara da nau'ikan da yanayin girma. Wannan na iya zama yawan tsukewa, tabo, ko kuma mutuƙar ganye.
Don kawar da cutar, dole ne:
- kar ayi amfani da tubers mai dauke da cutar a matsayin kayan shuka;
- don ci gaba da yaƙi da aphids da cicadas, wanda a cikin waɗannan hanyoyin suke kamar Aktara da Karate Zeon.
Wirƙirar waya
Wireworm, tsutsa na ƙwanƙwasa ƙwaro, ba ƙaramin matsala bane ga lambu. A watan Afrilu, ƙwaro yakan yi tashi kuma ya sa ƙwai a cikin ƙasa, saboda haka babu wani wuri da ba zai shafe shi ba. Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa yawanta, in ba haka ba yana iya haifar da mummunan sakamako.
Ba za a iya adana dankalin turawa da mashin din ya shafa na dogon lokaci, tunda da sauri zai fara rubewa.
Wurin da aka fi so don wireworm shine wheatgrass rhizome, daskararrun danshi da ƙasa mai guba.
Don rage yawan waɗannan ƙwaro, ya kamata a bi dokoki masu zuwa:
- ya zama dole a canza wurin saukarwa duk bayan shekaru 3;
- a cikin bazara da kaka, ya kamata ku haƙa ƙasa don kashe tsutsa;
- kar a bar saman da tubers don hunturu akan shafin, kamar yadda zasu taimaka wayoyi da tsutsa don jimre damuna da kyau;
- ya kamata a dasa tsire-tsire a cikin lambun da ke tsoratar da waɗannan ƙwaro. Waɗannan sun haɗa da marigolds, waɗanda ke fitar da ƙanshi mai ƙyama ga masu wayo da legumes, a cikin rhizomes ɗin da akwai ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda ke ɓoye nitrogen, wanda yake da muni ga ƙwaro.
- Hakanan zaka iya amfani da hanyar jama'a. Saboda wannan, 100 g na celandine an dage har tsawon kwanaki 3 a cikin lita 10 na ruwa, sannan ana shayar da dazuzzuka.
Hakanan, kawar da wireworm zai taimaka kowane irin koto:
- A kan 1 m2, ya kamata ku tono cikin kwalba, a ƙasan abin da kuka sa yankakken dankali. Lallai ƙwaro zai shiga cikinsa. Kawai tuna cewa duba kwalba kuma kashe kwari kowane kwana 3, tare da canza ƙwarin.
- Hakanan zaka iya binne tuber a cikin ƙasa kuma saita itace don alama kuma maimaita hanyar da ke sama kowane kwana 3.
- A cikin bazara a kan shafin zaka iya rufe cellophane da man shafawa da ruwan suga... Lallai ƙwaro zai yi tururuwa zuwa ƙanshin kuma ya manne cikin tarkon.
Nematode
Daya daga cikin mawuyacin ƙwayoyin cuta shine nematode. Tsuntsayen zagayen, tsawon cm 2.5, suna iya lalata 80% na amfanin gona. Tsutsotsi suna tonowa a cikin tushen dankalin da kanta kuma abubuwan gina jiki basa shiga cikin tubers, saboda haka suna girma ƙanana ko basu cika sam.
Wannan tsutsa tana iya riskar ainihin abin firgita ga masu lambu, tunda kusan abu ne da ba zai yiwu ba:
- bai damu da yanayin zafi mai yawa ko mara kyau ba;
- yana da sauki jure wa fari da ambaliyar ruwa.
- koda kwaya daya mai kashe dan adam bata da karfi akan wannan tsutsa.
Bugu da kari, m na iya ninka cikin sauri.
Zai ɗauki shekaru da yawa don kawar da nematode, kuma ana iya rage yawan mutane cikin shekaru 2.
A cikin yaƙi da nematode, ana amfani da waɗannan matakan:
- An bada sanarwar keɓe keɓewa, kuma ba a fitar da dankali daga yankin.
- Ba a shuka wannan amfanin gona a wuri guda sama da shekaru 3 a jere.
- Bayan shekaru 2, yana da kyawawa don canza kayan shuka.
- Kasar gona bi da urea.
- Kafin dasa shuki, ana shayar da tubers tare da maganin potassium permanganate, a cikin nauyin 0.5 g na lita 10 na ruwa.
Altenariosis
Kwayar cutar a bayyane take kwanaki 20 kafin fure, lokacin da ganyen ke rufe da launin ruwan kasa. Sakamakon lalacewa, ana iya ganin tabo akan tubers.
Alternaria ko launin ruwan kasa yana shafar duka tubers da ƙwarin shukar. Kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa ta iska, kwari da ruwan sama. Yanayi mai zafi da ruwan sama ya dace da yaduwar wannan cuta.
Don hana cuta, ana kula da tubers da kwayoyi kamar su Haɗin kai ko Agat-25... Ana harba matasa da Bravo.
Blackleg
Legafafun ƙafa wata cuta ce da ta bayyana alamun bayyanar. Tare da irin wannan shan kashi:
- ganye ya zama rawaya, nada sama ya bushe;
- Tushen da saman sun fara zama baƙi sannan sun ruɓe;
- suna da sauƙin cirewa daga cikin ƙasa.
Idan cutar ta bunkasa cikin sauri kafin ko yayin fure, to tubers ba zai samar.
Lokacin bazara lokacin damina yanayi ne mai kyau don baƙar fata. Beetles na Colorado, aphids da cicadas sune masu ɗaukar wannan cutar.
Don magance ƙafafun ƙafa, ya kamata ku bi hanyoyin kiyayewa masu zuwa:
- Kada ayi amfani da tubers da ƙasa mai cutar don shuka;
- an fitar da dazuzukan da ba su da cuta kuma a ƙone su, ko binne shi a cikin mita 1, ana yayyafa masa ruwan hoda.
- ana aiwatar da girbi a lokacin bushe;
- kafin ɓoye amfanin gona a cikin ginshiki, ya bushe sosai;
- ana kula da ajiyar tare da ruwan lemun tsami 3%;
- sarrafa dankali kafin shuka shima yana taimakawa sosai Maxim ko Fitosporin.
Ciwon dankali
Wannan cuta ce da naman gwari ke haifarwa, a inda ya shiga cikin tsiron, ana samun ci gaba.
An dauke shi cuta mai sauqi:
- ruwan sama;
- tare da takalmin mutum;
- kwari iri-iri;
- idan dabbar ta ci shukar da abin ya shafa, to sai ta fita da taki ta ci gaba da aikinta mai muhimmanci.
Don wargaza irin wannan naman kaza, dole ne:
- koyaushe canza wurin dasa wurin al'adun;
- girma iri-na jure cutar kansa: Rawaya ta farko, Savory, Sparkle da sauransu;
- ana bi da tubers tare da dakatar da 1% na kafuwar.
Karin kwari
Mafi yawan kwari da basu damu da cin dankali sun hada da:
- Colorado dankalin turawa;
- asu dankalin turawa;
- kai
Colorado irin ƙwaro
Rayayye yana lalata tushe, saboda wanne tubers baya iya bunkasa kullum... Yana yaɗuwa cikin sauri; a cikin yanayi 1, an haifi ƙarnoni 2 zuwa 3 na ƙwarin Colorado, waɗanda ke cikin sauri don cika cikin su.
Don kashe ƙwaro na Colorado, yana da mahimmanci a tattara ƙwayoyin duka da kansu kuma a yayyage ganye tare da riƙe su a jefa cikin kwandon da aka cika da kananzir.
Asu dankalin turawa
Cute farin malam buɗe ido. Bayan lokaci, sai ya zama kwari kuma ya cinye kusan duk tuber ɗin da ke ƙarƙashin fata kanta kuma ya fita daga najasa a lokaci guda.
Shima ita iya shirya a cikin tushe na shuke-shuke... Yana ɗaukar wata ɗaya kawai kafin sabon ƙarni ya bayyana.
Don rage yawan kwari, dole ne:
- Makonni 2 kafin girbi, yanka saman;
- yi amfani da magani kamar 10% carboros. 90 g na wannan wakili an narkar da shi a cikin lita 10 na ruwa.
Medvedka
Abu ne mai sauki ba yadda za a same ta da kanta, tunda tana karkashin kasa ne, amma har yanzu yana yiwuwa a yaudare ta.
Mun rabu da beyar: sun kafa tarko mai sauƙi ta hanyar haƙa rami mai zurfin rabin mita da zuba taki doki a ciki. Lallai Medvedka zai so ya zauna a ciki don yin hunturu. Lokacin sanyi ya zo, ya zama dole a watsa taki, a nemo kuma a lalata kwaron ita kanta.
Hakanan zaka iya shayar da wuraren rarrabawa. 10% karbofos, 50 g diluted a lita 10 na ruwa.
Iri iri-iri dankalin turawa
Babu ƙananan haɗari cuta ce da ake kira ruɓa. Akwai nau'ikan ruɓaɓɓu da yawa:
- annular;
- kwayar cuta mai launin ruwan kasa;
- gauraye na ciki;
- rigar;
- bushe
Mafi yawan lokuta akwai lokuta idan rudewar zobe da rubewar ruwan kasa ta rikice. Kodayake kwayoyin cuta daban-daban ne ke haifar da su, amma irin wadannan launuka masu launin ruwan kasa-rawaya suna bayyana akan ganyen. Koyaya, idan an matse tasoshin, to tare da rubewar zobe wani ƙaramin launin rawaya zai bayyana, kuma tare da ruɓaɓɓen ruwan kasa, zoben ya zama ruwan kasa.
Na shekara
Ba ya zama cikin ƙasa, ita wuce zuwa amfanin gona na gaba ta hanyar tsaba... Hakanan, idan kun sanya tubers ɗin da abin ya shafa kusa da na lafiyayyun, ƙwayoyin za su ratsa ta wurin ƙwanƙwasa ko ɓawon ɓawo.
Kawa
Iya ɓoye cikin ƙasa kuma jira a fuka-fuki don shiga cikin tubers da aka lalata.
Mixed na ciki
Cikakken ruɓaɓɓen ciki na dankali yana faruwa ne sakamakon lalacewar injiniya ko ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma saboda cututtuka daban-daban waɗanda da farko suka lalata tubers. Kasance da alhakin zabi na kayan dasa!
Don gujewa bayyanar dukkan nau'ikan lalacewa na sama, yakamata da farko:
- canza kayan shuka a kai a kai;
- canza wurin saukarwa;
- bayan girbi, ƙone saman;
- guji lalata injin dankali.
Rigar
Iya ya hallaka duka tuber cikin kwanaki 15... Wannan cutar tana bayyana kanta yayin adanawa. Mafi sau da yawa, a wurin lalacewar inji, farfajiyar ta zama mai laushi kuma ta fara ruɓewa.
Ba shi yiwuwa a sha kan rigar ruɓaɓɓen haɗari. Domin kada a fallasa dankali ga wannan cuta, ya kamata:
- tsoma busassun tubers cikin ajiya;
- aiwatar da cellar tare da jan karfe sulfate ko lemun tsami;
- guji lalacewar inji da daskarewa na tubers.
Bushe
Dry rot dankali iya lalata 20% na amfanin gona... Zai iya shafar shuke-shuke a kowane lokaci, duka yayin ajiya da cikin ƙasa. Abinda ta keɓance shi ne cewa ba a kula da shi, amma zai iya ɓoyewa na ɗan lokaci.
Hesaron daji da wannan cutar ta shafa ya bushe, ya rage girma ko kuma ya ɓace gaba ɗaya.
Don kaucewa bayyanarsa, dole ne:
- kar a cika amfani da takin zamani, kamar yadda suke fitar da sinadarin nitrogen, wanda ake kaunarsa ta wannan rubabben;
- cire saman daga gonar;
- canza wurin saukarwa da kayan shuka.
Mosaic dankalin turawa
Mosaic cuta ce da ba ta da daɗin ji daidai wanda ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifar da shi. Akwai hanyoyi 2 da ake kamuwa da wannan cutar:
- kwari iri-iri;
- idan ka bi da tsire-tsire mai cutar da kayan aiki, sannan ka shafa shi a lafiyayyar, to lallai kamuwa da cuta babu makawa.
Ya kamata a ba da kulawa ta musamman ga mosaics masu wrinkled da taguwar ruwa.
Wrinkled
Ya samo sunan ne bisa ga alamun cutar. Ganyen sun fara ruɓewa suna naɗewa a ciki. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayoyin cuta ba za su iya riƙe danshi ba, shi ya sa ya fi haka fari kadan yana haifar da tsire har ya mutu.
Edungiyar Musa da Aka Haɗa
Aggressarin tashin hankali kuma zai iya halakar da kusan 90% na amfanin gona. Da farko, ratsi suna bayyana akan tasoshin ganyen, sa'annan ganyayyakin suka mutu, kuma kaɗan ne kawai daga cikinsu suka rage akan duk daji. A sakamakon haka, tuber ya daina girma gaba daya.
Hakanan akwai hanyoyi don ma'amala da mosaics:
- kwayar cutar wannan cuta ta mutu a digiri 60;
- ba sa dasa tubers masu kamuwa, amma su mai sauƙin gani a matsananci haske;
- Ya kamata kuma a zaba tubers da suka toho, tunda tsiron da ke dauke da tubers zai kamu da rauni;
- kafin dasa shuki, ya kamata a kula da tsaba da magungunan kwari.
Cututtukan dankalin turawa: rarrabuwa
Duk cututtukan dankalin turawa sun kasu kashi zuwa kungiyoyi masu zuwa:
- yayin ajiya;
- hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri;
- naman kaza;
- na kwayan cuta;
- mara yaduwa.
Tebur 1... Rabuwa da cututtukan dankalin Turawa ta iri.
Nau'in cuta | Cuta |
hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri | kowane irin mosaics folded ganye koli na corymbose curwar dwarfism post so |
fungal | Lightarshen bala'i fusarium busassun ruɓa baƙin fata |
na kwayan cuta | ringin rubewa baƙar fata rigar kwayar cuta scab na kowa gauraye na ciki |
mara yaduwa | darkening na ɓangaren litattafan almara launin toka ko melanosis strangulation na tubers lalacewar zafi ga tubers daskarewa tubers tabon gland hollowness da nakasawa na tubers ja ko shuɗin launi na ɓangaren litattafan almara raga fata |
Duk waɗannan cututtukan na iya haɓaka duka yayin lokacin da ake tafasa dankalin turawa da lokacin ajiya.
Me yasa akwai launin ruwan kasa akan dankali?
Ta hanyar yanke dankalin, za ku iya lura da tabon ruwan kasa wanda ba zai taba ruɓewa ba. Mun amsa tambayar dalilin da ya sa wannan ya faru - yana da gelatinous spotting. Irin wannan dankalin yana da wuya kuma an lalata hatsin sitaci a ciki.
Wadannan tabo suna haifar da:
- ƙarancin zafi;
- zafi;
- rashin phosphorus.
Yana bunkasa wannan cuta kawai yayin girma, lokacin adana dankali, yakan daskarewa.
Don hana wannan cutar ta shafi dankalinka, ya zama dole ayi amfani da takin nitrogen, lemun tsami da kuma shayar da dankalin.
Maganin kwari
A yau akwai samfuran kwari da yawa waɗanda za su kawar da dankalinku daga cututtuka da kowane irin kwari. Mafi inganci daga cikinsu ya haɗa da kuɗi masu zuwa:
- Maxim - yana kariya daga cututtuka da yawa, kuma musamman daga kowane nau'in scab da cututtukan jiki.
- Quadris - magani wanda ba wai kawai yana kariya daga cututtuka da yawa ba, har ma yana inganta ci gaban dankali.
- Jirgin ruwa - kyakkyawan kariya daga tubers daga kwari daban-daban.
- Celeste Top - yana kare saman da tubers daga kwari, haka kuma daga cututtukan fungal.
- Aktara - zai samar da kariya ga dankalin har tsawon kwana 60.
- .Arfafawa - shine nufin lalata wireworms.
- Daraja - yana kare marigayi iri daga rubewa, scab da Colorado beetles.
Kuma har ila yau, irin wadannan kwayoyi kamar Imidor, Kwamanda da Tabu ya kamata a lura da su.
Kamar yadda kuke gani, komai cutar ko kwari da suke kokarin lalata amfanin gonarku, duk da haka zasu gaza idan kun kula da dankalin da kuka fi so. Sabili da haka, yaƙar cututtuka da kwari a cikin lokaci kuma zaku sami sakamako mai ban mamaki. Yi girbi mai kyau!