Haɗin sunadarai na kabewa yana da wadataccen bitamin da kuma ma'adanai waɗanda suke da amfani ga al'amuran jikin ɗan adam na yau da kullun. Wannan ya bayyana shaharar girma na kayan lambu a gadajen lambu. Al'adu Yana jin daɗin nasara tsakanin manoma don noman masana'antu... A cikin wannan bita, zamuyi magana game da sifofin dasa 'ya'yan kabewa da iri a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa da ƙarin kulawa.
Sharuddan dasa kabewa a Belarus, Ukraine, Leningrad yankin da sauran yankuna
An dasa shuki bayan ƙasa ta dumi sosai, kuma matsakaita yawan zafin yau da kullun baya ƙasa da + 10 ° C. Idan, lokacin da ake shukawa a cikin bazara, yawan zafin jiki yana ƙasa + 13 ° C, to, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta suna raguwa, wanda ke barazanar ruɓar iri. A tsakiyar layin, mafi kyaun kwanan wata don shuka iri sun faɗi a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Mayu. Dangane da al'adun gargajiya, ranar shuka ta yi daidai da hutun coci - Ranar George, amma bai kamata ku dogara da ranar da ba ta da kyau ba tare da la'akari da yanayin yanayi ba.
A yankunan kudanci, da Belarus, Ukraine, Donbass, inda yanayin yanayi ya bada dama, ana iya dasa kabewa a ƙarshen Afrilu. Dangane da kalandar wata, wannan lokacin yayi daidai da wata mai girma, wanda yake dacewa da cigaban fruita fruitan itace.
Mafi mashahuri iri
Ga yankin Moscow
Farko
Cold-hardy amfanin gona tare da sprawling dogon lash da zaki-dandana manyan 'ya'yan itãcen rataye balaga har zuwa kilogiram 6. Al'adar ba ta da kyau ga nau'in ƙasar, da yawanta.
Dachnaya
Al'adu tare da lokacin girki na farko (kwanaki 75-85). An yi amfani da kayan lambu da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano tare da alamun vanilla. Cikakken kabewa yana da nauyin kilogiram 3-4. Tsawon ajiyar 'ya'yan itatuwa ya fi watanni 4.
Ga Urals
Matar Rasha
A inji shi ne resistant ga lambun cututtuka da kuma sanyi. Theangaren litattafan almara mai daɗi ne da sukari, wanda gwanaye game da abinci suka yaba da shi. Nau'in kabewa na Rasha ya wuce kilogiram 2.7. Lokacin girbin amfanin gona shine kwanaki 110-130. 'Ya'yan itacen' ya'yan itacen lemu ne.
Lu'ulu'u mai yalwa
Butterut squash ya girbe cikin kwanaki 100 nauyin kabewa ya kai kimanin kilogiram 5-7. Dandanon ya cika jiki da takardar nutmeg. Ganye yana da tsayayyen sanyi, yana jure fari da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi, yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.
Mafi kyawun iri na Siberia
Freckle
Shuka tare da kwanakin ciyayi. Pulangaren litattafan almara yana da m da kuma zaki, dandana kamar kankana. Ko bayan magani mai zafi yana riƙe da zane mai ƙyalli. Nauɗin kabewa bai wuce kilogiram 3 ba.
Murmushi
Iri-iri. Al'adar tana iya jurewa yanayin zafin jiki cikin sauƙi kuma yana tsayayya da sanyi, yana nuna juriya ga yanayin ɗumi. An bambanta nau'ikan iri-iri ta kyakkyawan dandano da tsawon rayuwa (har zuwa kakar wasa ta gaba). Tsawancin lokacin girma shine kwanaki 90-110, nauyin 'ya'yan itace - 2.1-3 kg.
Gyara shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa
Mabudin samarwa shine dasa shuki daidai, wanda ya haɗa da shirye-shiryen iri da ƙasa, harma da aikin aza kayan shuka a cikin ramin.
Shirya iri: bincika ƙwaya da tsiro
Dole ne a fara bincika abu iri don ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma jerawa, a bar ƙwayoyin lafiya masu lafiya kawai. Kwanaki 3 kafin fara aikin shuka, dole ne a shuka hatsi a cikin gauze ko kuma sawdust. Don hanzarta tsirewar tsaba a gida, ana sanya su a cikin maganin sodium ko potassium humate na kwana 2. Ya kamata a adana akwati a cikin ɗaki a duk wannan lokacin, inda tsarin zafin jiki ya kasance 20 ° C.
Kasar gona
Dole ne a shirya ƙasa kafin a dasa shuki. Don yin wannan, sai su tono shi, su yi amfani da takin mai magani: potash, phosphorus, takin ko taki. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da masu rikitarwa, suna wadatar da ƙasa da abubuwa daban-daban. Misali, bokiti 2 na humus, cket guga na katako, kilogram 1 na toka, gilashin nitrophoska 1 ana gabatar dasu ta kowace m2.
Zurfin narkar da kasar ya zama a kalla cm 35-50. Don kashe kwayoyin cutar a yankin, ya zama dole a zuba ruwan zafi a kanta.
Ina za'a shuka kabewa a kasar? Wuri don saukarwa an zaɓi rana, mai iska mai kyau. Magabata kamar su dankali, sunflower, kankana, da kankana ba za su yi aiki ba. Amma bayan hatsi, tumatir da beets, shukar zata ji daɗi. Bai kamata a yi amfani da wannan rukunin yanar gizon don saukarwa ba; hutu ya zama shekaru 4-5.
Shuka iri da iri a kasar
Nisa tsakanin ramuka ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 60 cm, saboda lash na shuka yana haɓaka sosai kuma yana yaɗuwa a kan babban fili. Lokacin ƙayyade makirci, ya fi kyau a shiryar da ku da halayen nau'ikan. Mafi sau da yawa, lambu suna amfani da wannan zaɓin dasa:
- zurfin embedment tsaba - 8-10 cm (akan ƙasa mai haske), 5-6 cm (a kan loams) tare da gefen kaifi ƙasa;
- tazara tsakanin ramuka a jere - 60-80 cm;
- nesa tsakanin layuka - 1 m.
Don yada lashes, ana amfani da makircin: 1x1.5 m. Don kare dasa shuki daga frosts na bazara, ana bada shawarar rufe gado tare da fim.
Gogaggen lambu suna amfani da kalandar wata lokacin da suke shirin dasa aiki a gonar. Kwanakin da aka nuna a ciki suna shafar saurin ci gaban shuka. Ana ba da shawarar dasa kabewa a kan wata mai girma:
- a cikin Maris fara shuka tsaba don lambu (lambobi 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23);
- a cikin Afrilu shuka ya halatta a fili (17-22, 24-29);
- a Mayu (16 - 21, 23 - 28 lambobi).
Baya ga ƙwaya 3-4, ana amfani da takin gargajiya ga kowane rami: taki, humus ko peat. Don danshi, yi amfani da ruwan dumi (lita 2 a kowane rami).
A cikin yankin Leningrad, yankin Moscow, a cikin Urals, a Siberia, an shuka kabewa a cikin tsire-tsire. Fasahar dasa shukokin shuke-shuke a cikin kasa bata bambanta da shuka iri ba.
Amma abin da ya yi idan kabewa seedlings ne karfi elongated?A cikin al'amuran wuce gona da iri na ci gaban shuka, lokacin da kara ta zama siririya kuma ba ta da tsawo, abu na farko da za a yi shi ne dasa shukokin cikin manyan tukwane, samar da sararin da ake bukata.
Girma a gida da ƙarin kulawa
A gida, ana iya yin kabewa a kusan kowace ƙasa. Al'adar tana nuna juriya ga mummunan yanayin yanayi, koda lokacin da ya fara tsirowa. Amma waɗannan hujjojin ba su nuna cewa al'adar ba ta buƙatar kulawa.
Nawa tsaba ne suka tsiro?
Lokacin shuka iri ya dogara ne kawai da tsarin zafin jiki. Idan mai nuna dare bai faɗi ƙasa da 12-14 ° ba, tsaba za su fara tsiro a cikin mako guda. Koda kuwa yanayin yana sanyi bayan wata daya, ganye 2-3 sun riga sun bunkasa akan harbi.
Shigar da tsire-tsire a cikin abubuwan da ke kara kuzari zai taimaka hanzarta saurin shukawa. Baya ga samfuran na musamman, ruwan aloe, jiko na toka na itace, ruwan potan dankalin turawa, ana amfani da ruwan zuma.
Dokokin shayarwa
Kabewa na bukatar shayarwa, amma a matsakaici. Wuce kima danshi zai tsokano jawo shukar. Zai fi kyau a shayar da ƙasa bayan sassautawa da sako. Al'adar ta jure fari sosai, amma yadda akeyin ruwan sanyi daga babban layi na iya zama mara kyau. Saboda haka, masana sun ba da shawarar yin amfani da ruwan da aka daidaita daga rijiyar.
Top miya
Shuka tana matukar son ciyarwa. Tuni mako guda bayan shukar shukokin shuka, an gabatar da abinci na farko wanda zai dace. Shuka tana samun ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki daga maganin mullein. Nitrophoska ba shi da tasiri sosai (gram 15 a guga na ruwa). Ita kuma tana aiwatar da ciyarwa mai zuwa tare da tazarar kwanaki 10-14.
An bayyana madaidaiciyar tsirrai a cikin ƙarancin ƙarfi amma mai ƙarfi, gajerun ɗakunan ciki, kasancewar ganye 3 bayan wata guda.
Kirkirar kabewa
Da zaran ganyen gaskiya 2-3 sun bayyana a kan shukokin, kuna buƙatar taƙaitaccen gadon. Lokacin girma da babban 'ya'yan itacen kabewa, tsiro ɗaya kaɗai ya rage, nutmeg da ƙaiƙayin wuya - tsire-tsire 2 kowanne.
Yakamata yakamata a tsara shi ta hanyar cire yawan ovaries da gefen harbe. Ana yin wannan ta hanyoyi biyu: a cikin tushe ɗaya da biyu. A cikin sharia ta farko, ana ba da shawarar barin ƙwayayen ovaries 2-3 kawai, waɗanda akan su akwai ganye 3-4. A hanya ta biyu, an bar fruitsa fruitsan itace 2 a kan babban tushe, ɗayan kuma a gefen harbawa. Ba tare da irin wannan hanya ba, 'ya'yan itacen za su kasance ƙananan kuma ba su da daɗi sosai.
Kwari da rigakafin
Ana daukar kabewa a matsayin tsire-tsire marasa ma'ana, amma, wannan al'adar kuma ana fuskantar barazanar kwari. Rage yawan aiki, kuma wani lokacin lalata matasa harbe na iya:
- slugs;
- guna aphid.
Lokacin da aka gano alamun mamayewar kwari, ana amfani da shirye-shirye na musamman (Actellik, Fufanon, Citkor, da sauransu). Samfurori da aka yi daga ɓangarorin ilimin halittu sun fi aminci. A cikin inganci, wasu lokuta al'adun mutane ba su da ƙasa, daga cikinsu waɗanda suka cancanci kulawa:
- kayan kwalliya da infusions daga kantin magani;
- infusions na dankalin turawa da tumatir saman;
- kayan kwalliyar itacen wormwood da sauran kayan ƙanshi;
- tokar itace;
- ƙurar taba;
- lemun tsami, da dai sauransu.
Ana amfani da maganin aiki don fesa tsire-tsire, kuma ana amfani da foda don ƙura. Ana maimaita hanyoyin sau 2-3 a tsakanin tazarar kwanaki 7-10.
Don amsawa kai tsaye ga mamayewar kwari, ya zama dole a sanya shi doka don bincika gadaje tare da na yau da kullun 1 kowace 3 kwanaki. Sannan zaku iya gano matsalar kuma ku tanadi girbin.
Girbi
Zaka iya ƙayyade balagar kabewa ta waɗannan ƙa'idodi masu zuwa:
- pedarfin kafa ya zama mai tsauri, farfajiyar ta bushe, katako yana faruwa lokaci guda tare da kwayar samar da abinci;
- ganyen da ke kan bulala ya bushe, canza launi zuwa rawaya;
- komai asali launin fata, bayan ya nuna, ya nuna yanayin zane sosai;
- idan ka gudanar da farce a kan ɓawon burodi, babu wata alama da aka kafa;
- lokacin da ka danna yatsun hannunka akan tayi, ji wuya;
- cikakke samfurin an rufe shi matte fure;
- mai ji yayin da aka taɓa ringing;
- lokacin girbi maɓallan kafa yana da sauƙin cirewa.
Don tabbatar da amfanin gona yana da tsawon rai, ya zama dole a tsinke fruitsa fruitsan a hankali, a kula kada a lalata ƙangin. Ya kamata a kulle tarkon tare da filastar kwayar cuta don kada microbes su shiga cikin kayan lambu.
'Ya'yan itacen da aka cire daga gonar an saka su a cikin busassun ɗaki, inda suke yin yauki na kimanin wata ɗaya.
Babban garanti na girbi mai kyau shine madaidaicin zaɓi na tsaba da kulawa akan lokaci. Kabewa mai girma ta haɓaka menu don gidaje, yana wadatar da jiki da abubuwan gina jiki.