Cucumbers ana nome su kusan a kusan dukkanin yankuna na ƙasarmu. Har ma suna girma akan windowsill. Fresh ƙanshi da dandano mai dadi sun cika jita-jita da yawa. Koyaya, ba kowane mai lambu bane zai iya alfahari da girbi mai karimci; akwai cututtuka da yawa waɗanda ke rage ƙarancin shukar. Armedauke da ilimi, abu ne mai yuwuwa don jimre da duk wata barazanar da cututtukan kokwamba.
Mafi na kowa cututtuka na kokwamba a cikin greenhouse da kuma bude filin
Wannan labarin zai mai da hankali kan cututtukan cucumbers. Samun bayani game da alamun kamuwa da cuta na musamman, zaka iya saurin amsawa, ta yadda zaka gano matsalar a matakin farko.
Jinkiri da ayyukan da ba daidai ba suna haifar da sakamako mara juyawa - yawancin amfanin gona ya lalace.
Yaki da cuta ya fara tukuna daga kakalokacin da lokaci yayi don shirya gonar don kaka mai zuwa. Ingancin tsabtace ƙasa daga sharan shuke-shuke ya zama tushen girbi na gaba.
Baya ga bin dokokin fasahar noma, yana da mahimmanci a kai a kai duba tsire-tsireaikata kowane canje-canje. Dangane da yanayin ganyayyaki, kayan lambu da fruitsa fruitsan itace, yana yiwuwa a bincika kuma a ɗauki matakan fifiko don gano yankin da abin ya shafa.
Kayayyakin Zaitun na Kawa (Cladosporium)
Cutar fungal wacce ke yaɗuwa zuwa shuke-shuke masu lafiya daga tarkacen tsire-tsire ko kuma saboda canjin yanayin zafi kwatsam. Hakanan ana lura da ci gaban naman gwari daga shayar da gadaje da ruwan sanyi ta amfani da yafa.
Ana iya samun alamun farko a kan ganye da kuma yanke a cikin sifa launin ruwan kasa mai laushi... Daga baya, an rufe wuraren kuma 'ya'yan da suka shiga cikin sores ɗin suna canza launin duhu zuwa haske.
Lokacin dasa shuki na dasa shuki na farkon iri ko shuka amfanin gona daga tsaba, yakamata kare gadaje tare da tsare ko wasu abubuwa don kariya daga ƙarancin yanayin zafi. Idan yanayin yanayin yankin yana da yanayin tsananin ɗumi, ana ba da shawarar zaɓar nau'ikan da ke da juriya ga cladosporium.
Don yin rigakafi da gano wuri na yankin da abin ya shafa, ya zama dole a gudanar da magunguna har 4 na cucumbers a lokaci guda Cakuda Bordeaux (tare da jan karfe chloride).
Fusarium wilting
Cutar mafi sau da yawa rinjayar cucumbers girma a cikin wani greenhouse.
Cututtuka buguwar saman daji da ganyen mutum... Hakanan ana lura da juyawar asalin ɓangaren kara. Ana iya daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar iri da ƙasa, saboda haka cutar da ke cikin wannan yanayin wani ɓangare ne na rigakafin.
Taimako na farko shine tsara ban ruwa da iko da yawan zafin ruwan da ake amfani da shi... A cikin greenhouses, ana buƙatar inganta tsarin samun iska.
Ruwan toka
Wuraren ruwa a kan tushe, ganye, har ma da inflorescences siginar launin toka. Cutar ta sami sunanta ne saboda yanayin halayyar tambarin a jikin wuraren da aka kafa. Furen da abin ya shafa ya mutu, don haka yana da mahimmanci nan da nan gano wuraren da aka mayar da hankali, in ba haka ba barazanar za ta kasance ga amfanin gona.
A farkon alamar, an ba da shawarar kula da tsire-tsire soda bayani (75 gr. Soda don guga na ruwa). Maimaita hanya kowane kwana 3.
Farar ruba
Gane farin Bloom akan zanen ganye. Daga baya, ganye ya fara ciwo, duhu ya farfashe.
Rotting yana shimfidawa zuwa ga mai tushe da fruitsa fruitsan itace, don haka kada ku yi jinkiri tare da sarrafawa.
A cikin greenhouse, irin wannan matsalar tana faruwa ne saboda rashin wadataccen iska, a cikin filin buɗewa - saboda kauri da kuma ciyawar makwabta.
Don dakatar da ci gaban rot, ya zama dole don fesa gadaje bayani na jan karfe sulfate (don lita 10 na ruwa, ɗauki 2 g na vitriol da 10 g na urea).
Tushen ruba
Cutar na iya zama na asali ne ko na kwayar cuta. Dalilin shan kashi na cucumbers ya ta'allaka ne da rashin disinfection na tsaba da ƙasa. Asar Saline, ƙarancin zafin jiki mai kaifi na iya tsokano ci gaban cutar. A kan asalinsu, tsarin yaduwar kananan halittu yana ci gaba koda cikin busasshiyar kasa, matukar dai yana da dumi.
Kwayar cutar Root Rot: bushewar ganye, duhun tushen, lalata tsarinsa (ya zama ruɓaɓɓe)
Wani magani Fitosporin-M ana amfani dashi azaman maganin rigakafi da gano yankin da abin ya shafa.
Mosaic a filin
Kwayar cuta mai saurin yaduwa ta hanyar weeds. Tuni kan tsire-tsire zaka iya samun yellowing ganye curling cikin bututu... A kan kara aka kiyaye fatattaka mai tsawo.
Bai cancanci dasa harbe-harben kamuwa ba, za a sami ƙaramar ma'ana daga gare su, amma lafiyayyun tsire-tsire za su kasance cikin haɗari.
A cikin al'adun manya, ana gane mosaic ta halayensa tabo akan ganye da ‘ya’yan itace... Furannin da ke kan bishiyar da ke dauke da cutar ba sa saita ko fadowa.
Lokacin da aka gano alamun farko, ya kamata a cire gutsuren tsire-tsire da abin ya shafa kuma a yayyafa gado tare da shirye-shirye: Aktara, Actellic.
Anthracnose
Cutar fungal mai tsanani wacce ke shafar ba kawai saman shukar ba, har ma da fruitsa fruitsan itace.
A shafin na mayar da hankali, launin ruwan kasa, wanda ya haɓaka girma kuma ya canza launi zuwa mai duhu (har zuwa baƙi). Bayan lokaci, sai speck din ya bushe ya tarwatse, sakamakon haka ganyayyakin suka cika ramuka (kamar ana kone su).
Yawancin lokaci, an ɓata guraben ɓarna a jikin koren, an dulmuye shi a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara har zuwa 5 mm. Babban abin da ke haifar da kamuwa da tsire-tsire shine tsaba da aka girbe daga fruitsa fruitsan itace masu cutar. Sabili da haka, kafin a dasa shuki, ya zama dole ayi amfani da kayan ƙasa da na ƙasa.
Bayan gano cutar, kana buƙatar aiwatar da gadaje Cakuda Bordeaux, shirye-shiryen sulfur ko Quadris.
Kwayar cuta
Cutar ta shafi cotyledons, ganye da 'ya'yan itatuwa, kafa a kansu wuraren ruwa... Bayan lokaci, sun zama launin ruwan kasa, ganye sun bushe kuma sun farfashe, 'ya'yan itacen sun zama marurai.
A matsayin ma'auni na rigakafi, ana ba da shawarar a fesa matasa harbe tare da magani Gidaje (don guga na ruwa 40 g na samfurin), haɓakar haɓaka Energen (5 ml a kowace lita 10 na ruwa).
Kare kokwamba daga cuta
Don rage haɗarin cututtuka masu tasowa akan cucumbers, ana bada shawarar kiyaye matakan kariya. Daga cikin manyan:
- yarda juyawar amfanin gona;
- disinfection na tsaba (jiƙa a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate);
- cututtukan ƙasa (shayarwa tare da ruwan zãfi, wani bayani na jan ƙarfe na jan ƙarfe ko potassium na ƙarami mai ƙarfi);
- rarrabe tsaba kafin shuka don zaɓar mafi lafiya da ƙarfi;
- a gaban ɓarkewar cututtukan fungal da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, ya zama dole a maye gurbin saman ƙasa na ƙasa (musamman mahimmanci ga greenhouses);
- a kan kari cire ciyawahakan zai samar da kyakkyawan yanayi na cigaban kananan cutuka;
- hadi daga kasar gona da kuma gabatar da takin zamani bisa tsarin jadawalin zai karfafa garkuwar al'adun, ya zama mara cutarwa ga cututtuka;
- a karshen kakar wasa, ana cire duk ragowar tsire-tsire daga gonar, a cikinsu ne larvae da fungal ke yin hunturu.
Fesa lokaci-lokaci na gadaje da hanyoyi daban-daban yana ƙara juriya na tsirrai zuwa cututtuka.
Rigakafin da magani tare da maganin jama'a
Girke-girke na jama'a sun tabbatar da kansu da kyau:
- Jiko na ruwa (1 l) da toka na itace (100 g) an barshi na tsawan aƙalla kwanaki 2, bayan an gama shi da sabulun gida (4 g) wanda aka niƙa akan grater mai kyau. Zai ɗauki jiyya 2 a tsawan sati guda. Fesawa yadda yakamata a farkon alamar farautar hoda ko azaman matakin kariya.
- Busassun tsire-tsire (nettles, tansy, wormwood) a cikin nauyin nauyin 100 gr. zuba lita 1 na ruwan zãfi sai a bar shi ya yi kusan awa 2. Fesa cucumbers da ruwa mai tsafta a tsakanin ta na kwanaki 7-10 idan ana zargin furen fula.
- Idan kuma an sami rashin dattin ciki, ana ba da shawarar a yayyafa masa maganin da ya ƙunshi ruwa (7 l), magani (3 l), vitriol (10 g).
- Zai tsoratar da kwari kuma ya kawar da cututtukan fure da ke tattare da gadaje tincture na tafarnuwa (An zuba gram 30 na yankakken tafarnuwa a cikin lita 1 na ruwa kuma an ba shi damar tsayawa na kwana ɗaya, bayan haka sai a ƙara ƙarin lita 9 na ruwa).
- A cikin yaƙi da ruɓaɓɓen tushe, ana amfani da kayan aiki wanda aka shirya daga waɗannan abubuwan da ke ƙasa: madara (1 l), iodine (30 saukad da), ruwa (10 l), sabulun wanki (20 gr.).
- Dusting ƙasa tare da toka ko katako zai taimaka wajen cutar da gadon lambu daga ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. An ba da shawarar aiwatar da matakai sau ɗaya a kowace kwanaki 10-14.
Waɗanne magunguna ne za a fesa don yaƙi da cututtuka
Yaushe m watsa cututtuka, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da ƙarin matakan maganin tsattsauran ra'ayi - amfani da magunguna na musamman (fungicides). Abin sani kawai wajibi ne don aiwatarwa da kuma yayyafa cucumbers da su a bayyane bisa ga umarnin.
Daga cikin mashahuran mutane:
- Fitosporin;
- Cuprosat;
- Zinariyar Ridomil;
- Aktara;
- Quadris, da dai sauransu
Akwai hadari da yawa ga cucumbers, amma yawancin matsalolin ana iya kiyaye su ta matakan kariya da kulawa akan lokaci.
Gogaggen lambu sun ɓullo da hanyoyi da yawa na magance kwari da cututtuka, kuma da yardar kaina raba mafi girke-girke.