Yawancin lambu da yawa suna mafarkin shuka iri-iri iri-iri a filayensu. A Figasyan ɓaure na fruitsa fruitsan itacen oticaotica. Yana da dandano na ban mamaki da kyawawan abubuwa masu amfani.... Kuskuren kawai shine yanayin yanayin tsire-tsire. Bari muyi magana game da noman ɓaure a gida.
Figauren ɓaure a cikin yanayin damina daban-daban a Rasha da Ukraine
'Ya'yan itacen ɓaure ba sa haƙuri da yanayin sanyi kuma yana yiwuwa a shuka irin wannan shuka cikakke kuma ba tare da damuwa ba kawai a yankunan kudanci tare da canjin yanayin ƙasa yanayin zafin jiki ba ƙasa da digiri 20 ba.
Hakanan akwai hanyoyi da yawa wanda ana iya yin ɓaure a tsakiyar Rasha da yankin Moscow:
- a cikin greenhouses;
- a gida, a matsayin tsire-tsire na gida;
- lokacin dasa shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, dole ne a rufe shi a hankali don hunturu.
Idan ɓaure ya tsiro a gida, ana bada shawara don lokacin bazara-bazara, binne shi kai tsaye tare da tukunya a cikin ƙasa a cikin lambun, kuma a cikin kaka, koma cikin harabar gidan.
Zai fi kyau lokacin hunturu ya faru a yanayin kusa da mazaunin ta na asali, ma'ana, maimakon ɗaki mai dumi, ya fi dacewa a sanya shuka a cikin ginshiki mai zafin jiki na 0 zuwa -5 digiri.
Auren hunturu don ɓaure na waje ya kamata kama da wannan:
- an yi kwalin da kaurin sentimita 10 daga kumfa, yayin da tsawonsa ya kai kimanin mita 1, kuma nisa da zurfin santimita 50;
- an daidaita tsarin da tef, kuma sanya ƙarin kariya a saman bene a cikin hanyar tsohuwar ƙofa ko taga taga;
- da zarar an yi dusar kankara, za su iya cika akwatin;
- a watan Mayu, an cire mafakar gaba ɗaya ko kuma a maimakon murfin sama, an rufe saman da filastik filastik, yana barin ƙaramin rata don zagawar iska.
'Ya'yan itacen ɓaure al'adun gargajiya ne masu fa'ida sosai kuma ana iya yin cikakken su ne kawai a wuraren zafi. Amma tare da tsananin sha'awar, ana iya samun wannan fruita fruitan itacen a cikin tsakiyar Rasha, yankin Krasnodar da Ukraine.
Yana da kyau a tuna cewa don ɓauren ɓaure a cikin greenhouse ko a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa tare da tsari, iri ne kawai masu ƙarancin girma ko shrubs, alal misali, Black Pearl, Dalmatian ko Sochi, sun dace.
Kwanakin sauka
La'akari da cewa sauren ɓaure suna da daɗin dumi, to ya zama dole a dasa shi kawai a cikin bazara, don haka yana da lokacin da zai dace da saiwa kafin yanayin sanyi na farko, in ba haka ba tsiron zai mutu. Gogaggen lambu gano ainihin lokacin dasa, wato Maris 15-30, nan da nan bayan fara ɗumi da narkewar dusar ƙanƙara.
Bukatun don filin ƙasa
Lokacin zabar wuri don dasa ɓaure, kuna buƙatar la'akari da duk siffofin shukar.:
- Dole ne wurin ya kasance dumi da haske;
- Mafi kyawun abu kauce wa daftarin da iska mai iska;
- Gogaggen lambu bayar da shawarar sanya bishiyar a gefen kudu dangane da gida, shinge ko wani tsari;
- Matakin ƙasa kada ya fi mita 3 girma;
- Makircin dole ne ya zama lebur, an yarda da karamin gangara;
- Babu wani hali ba shuka saure a cikin tsaunuka ba.
Tunda irin wannan bishiyar ba ta da buƙatu na musamman don ƙimar duniya, wajibi ne a haƙa rami kuma cika shi da cakuda:
- babba mai ni'ima ta ƙasa;
- ƙasa mai ganye;
- humus;
- yashi.
Ana ɗaukar dukkan sinadaran daidai gwargwado. Hakanan zaka iya ƙara cakuda ƙasa ta musamman don lemun tsami ko tashi zuwa ƙasa da aka haƙa..
Dokokin saukowa daga waje
Ana iya samun seedling ta hanyoyi da yawa.:
- saya a shago ko gandun daji;
- girma daga kashi;
- propagate ta amfani da cuttings.
Ga masu farawa a aikin lambu, zai fi kyau a sayi shuke-shuke da suka rigaya suka girma, saboda wasu hanyoyin daban suna buƙatar kwarewa da kulawa ta musamman.
Don samun seedling ta hanyar cuttings, kana bukatar:
- A karshen watan Janairu yanke yankan 10-15 tsawon santimita tare da kodan 3-4 kuma bushe wurin da aka yanke na kimanin awanni 7-8;
- Da yawa ana yanka a ƙananan ɓangaren yankan kuma zurfafa cikin rairayin kogi da santimita 2-4;
- Bayan haka kuma shayar da ita sosai kuma a rufe shi da tulu;
- Har ila yau maimakon yashi zaka iya sanya yankan cikin ruwa.
Kuma don samun tsire daga ƙashi, dole ne kuyi waɗannan matakan:
- An wanke iri kuma ya bushe sosai;
- A farkon bazara shirya tukunya daga yashi na ƙasa mai ganye da peat da zurfafa tsaba a ciki da santimita 2-3, bayan haka ana shayar da ƙasa;
- Dole ne a rufe akwati tare da tsire-tsire don ƙirƙirar tasirin greenhouse;
- Lokacin da tsirrai suka bayyana, sai su fara yi hankali a hankali, da farko na awa ɗaya, sannan lokaci ya ƙaru.
Da zaran tsirrai, ba tare da la'akari da yadda aka samo su ba (ta hanyar yanka ko daga dutsen), saiwoyin sun girma, ana dasa su a cikin tukwane tare da cakuda ƙasa ta musamman wacce ta ƙunshi ganyen humus, peat, turf da yashi kogi. Kamar yadda shuka ke buƙata, dole ne a matsar da shi zuwa babban akwati.
Za'a iya dasa bishiyoyin da suka kai shekaru 2 a cikin lambun a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa... Akwai hanyoyi 2 don aiwatar da irin wannan aikin.
Saukowa a cikin rami
- Tona ramuka zurfin da diamita wanda dole ne ya zama daidai 1 mita;
- Zuwa kasa shimfiɗa layin santimita 30 na tubalin da ya karye, kuma bango an lullubeshi da duka duwatsu. Wannan zane zai samar da kyakyawar zagaya danshi da kare tushen daga daskarewa;
- Wani ɓangare na cakuda ƙasa an shimfiɗa shi a ƙasan ramin, sannan a can saka shuki;
- Matasa an rufe bishiyoyi da ƙasa sosai, tamped, shayar da mulched.
Saukowa a cikin ramuka
Wannan zaɓin ya fi dacewa da itacen ɓauren ɓaure. Don kammala wannan saukowa, dole ne:
- Ana lasafta tsawon mahararen dangane da yawan tsire-tsire, nisa ya zama santimita 70, kuma zurfin yakai santimita 90-100;
- Ana sanya Layer na murƙushe duwatsu a ƙasan, kuma an saka tubali ko duwatsu a cikin bangon;
- Sannan sai a zuba cakuda kasar da aka shirya a cikin ramin kuma yi rami don shuke-shuke;
- Kusa da tashar sauka an shigar da turaku;
- Ana sanya tsire-tsire a kusurwadon sauƙaƙe rufe shuka don hunturu;
- Sannan An rufe ramuka da ƙasa, tamped, shayar da mulched.
Hanyar shuki ta dogara da nau'in ɓaure. An dasa bishiyoyi a cikin rami da daji a cikin ramuka.
Kula da ɓaure a gida
Shayar da itacen domin da'irar akwatin ta kasance mai danshi koyaushe. A lokacin da ake yin 'ya'yan itace masu aiki, an rage adadin danshi da aka gabatar... Haka ma lokacin hunturu.
A cikin kaka, 'ya'yan ɓaure na buƙatar takin mai phosphorus-potassium. Farkon bazara ya fi kyau a yi amfani da hadadden ciyarwa, a lokacin rani itacen zai buƙaci mulching ƙasa koyaushe tare da humus ko wasu abubuwa masu rai.
A cikin shekarun farko na rayuwa, ɓaure yana buƙatar tallafi, wanda aka gina shi daga turaku na yau da kullun ko almara.
A cikin bazara, gogaggen lambu sun ba da shawarar cire duk rassan daskararre da cuta. Hakanan yana da kyawawa don aiwatar da pruning shaping, yayin aiwatar da ayyukan masu zuwa:
- bar kawai 2 lafiyayyen ci gaban jiki, tsunkule sauran harbe;
- a karshen bazara, rassan suna burrow don haka tazarar da ke tsakanin su ta kai kimanin santimita 10-20.
A lokacin kaka suma suna aiwatar da datti, lokacinda ake cire cuta da busassun rassa.
Hakanan, tsarin kulawa dole ya haɗa da kariyar tsire-tsire a cikin hunturu.
Domin ɓaure su ba da girbi mai kyau, dole ne a kiyaye shi daga cututtuka daban-daban da kwari. Yawanci, shuka na ɓaure da ɓaure, ɓaure da ɓaure.... Game da cututtuka, galibi akan ɓaure zaka iya lura da anthracnose ko ƙyamar toka.
Matakan kariya:
- a ƙarshen Maris kuna buƙatar kawar da kwari da ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban waɗanda suka daɗe a cikin itacen, saboda wannan ana ba da itacen tare da emulsion na mai na ma'adinai;
- dole ne a zubar da rassan da abin ya shafa nan take kuma a tabbatar an kona don gujewa yaduwar cutar;
- a farkon watan Agusta ana kula da itacen da fugnicides;
- idan alamun bayyanar kwari sun bayyana, ana la'akari da hanya mafi inganci spraying da kwayoyidauke da tagulla a cikin kayan su.
'Ya'yan itacen ɓaure' ya'yan itace ne masu ɗanɗano da lafiya, waɗanda, da rashin alheri, ana iya girma ne kawai a yanayin dumi, a wasu yankuna, lallai ne ku kula da wannan amfanin gona sosai don ya fara ba da 'ya'ya. Wajibi ne a kula da matsuguni da ƙirƙirar mafi kyawun yanayin zafi da zafi.