Wake na daga cikin manyan kayan lambu goma masu amfani, don haka yayin zabar amfanin gona don girma a gonarka, koyaushe suna da wuri. Domin lokaci da kuɗaɗen da aka kashe don samun lada tare da girbi mai karimci, ya zama dole ku waye kanku da mahimman ƙa'idodin fasahar aikin gona, dasawa da kula da noman fili.
Yaushe ake shuka wake a waje
An shirya dasa wake Mayu wata. Ya kamata ku mai da hankali kan yanayin yanayi da madaidaicin tsarin zafin jiki a cikin ƙasa, wanda alamomi ke nunawa 12-15 digiri (a zurfin har zuwa 10 cm). Dangane da mashahurin kalandar, wannan lokacin yayi daidai da furannin kirji.
Nau'in madaidaiciya ana buƙatar dasa farko, kuma bayan sati guda zaku iya farawa don hawa iri. Sun shirya shuka legan itacen ciyawa mai ƙayatarwa a farkon Yuli... Ana iya yin haka a kan gadaje waɗanda an riga an girbe abubuwan da suka girbe na kayan marmari da wuri.
Gogaggen lambu gudanar da aikin dasa a matakai da dama: daga tsakiyar May zuwa farkon Yuli tare da tazara na akalla kwanaki 10.
Don hanzarta girbi, ana ba da shawarar rufe ƙasa a gaba tare da filastik filastik don dumama. Bayan an dasa shuki, sai a sake rufe gadon har zuwa lokacinda zafin dare yakai a kalla digiri 12.
Shin wake tsoron sanyi
Wake al'adun thermophilic ne, don haka an fi yin dasa a cikin bazara a rabi na biyu na Mayulokacin da barazanar sanyi ta wuce. Shoarancin samari suna jin tsoron koda iska mai sanyi, wanda shine dalilin da yasa lambu da yawa suka sami wurinsu ƙarƙashin bishiyoyin apple ko kuma tare da shinge.
Mafi ƙarancin zazzabi da tsiron wake ke ɗorawa bai wuce alamar ba -3-4 digiri... Idan sanyi ya kasance ɗan gajeren lokaci, wake zai rayu, amma ci gaban su zai ragu kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa ya ragu.
Agrotextile ko fim, waɗanda ake amfani dasu don gini, zasu taimaka don canza yanayin matsuguni na ɗan lokaci.
Mafi mashahuri iri don shuka
Bambancin iri daban-daban yana dagula zaɓin. Idan akwai matsaloli a cikin ƙayyade zangon, ana ba da shawarar ba da fifiko ga nau'ikan da aka tabbatar waɗanda suka dace da yanayin yanayi da yanayin yankin.
Mafi kyawun iri don yankin Moscow, Ukraine da Belarus
Farin Koren Fure na Farko 556
Shuka tsakiyar-farkon lokacin nunawa, daga shuka zuwa girbi 100 kwanaki... An kafa daji a tsayin 25 cm kawai, 'ya'yan itacen suna da takardar fata, amma na bakin ciki. Al'adar ba ta da kyau, tana da tsayayya ga yanayin danshi da fari.
Nomad
Curly iri-iri tsakiyar-farkon nunawa. Bob mai kama da kwai yana da launi mai launi tare da kodadde mai shuɗi. 'Ya'yan itacen ba su da layi da fata, wanda ya sa tsarin ya zama mai laushi da taushi. Ganye yana jure wa anthracnose, launin toka-toka.
Don Urals da kuma tsakiyar layi
Oran
Ta R - farkon balaga wake da hatsin girki 80-90 kwana, wanda aka ba da shawarar shuka a gidan ƙasa a tsakiyar Rasha. Tsayin bushes daga 35 zuwa 56 cm, ana rarrabe fruitsa fruitsan ta babban dandano.
Yawan aiki daga 1 m2 cikin gram 200.
Hoda
An fara girbi a 65-85 kwanaki bayan shukar iri. Dajin hawa ya kai tsayi har zuwa 3 m, don haka yana buƙatar tallafi.
Beanswaƙan ruwan hoda mai walƙiya ba su da takarda da zare, wanda ke ba su laushi mai laushi. 'Ya'yan itacen suna nuna launin shuɗi da shunayya. Aikace-aikacen na duniya ne, a kowane fanni wake yana riƙe da dandano na musamman.
Na Siberia
Mai nasara
Al’ada daban yawan amfanin ƙasa da halayen abinci mai gina jiki na 'ya'yan itacen. Tsawon kwasfan yakai kimanin 30 cm, wake suna da girma. Juriya ta sanyi da rigakafi mai ƙarfi suna ba da damar noma da shuka shuka a cikin Siberia.
Fasali: bulala tare da kyawawan furanni masu jan wuta ana iya amfani dasu azaman shinge na ado.
Sarkin mai
Bush irin wake tare da lokacin ripening 1.5 watanni... M da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano na 'ya'yan itacen tubular ba zai bar sha'anin sha'anin kowane mai sukar lamiri ba. Tsawon ɓangaren kwafsawa ya kai kimanin cm 25. Ana iya amfani da amfanin gona don amfanin duniya: girbi mai bushe, daskarewa, gwangwani.
Dokokin shuka da dabarun aikin gona don haɓaka cikin buɗaɗɗun ƙasa
Shirya iri
Don samun saurin harbewa da kare ƙananan yara daga cututtuka, ya kamata a shirya tsaba kafin a dasa.
Jiƙa farko a cikin wani rauni bayani na potassium permanganate na kimanin minti 20. Bayan aikin, ana wanke wake da ruwa mai tsafta kuma ana buƙatar sakewa a ciki jiko na katako na awa 2.
Da daddare kafin shuka, ana narkar da wake a cikin zane mai ɗanshi don tsiro a gida. Kuma minti 5 kafin a shuka cikin ƙasa, an tsoma su cikin maganin boric acid. Wannan zai kare shuka daga cututtuka da kwari.
Shirya ƙasa da zaɓar wurin shuka
Don dasa shuki hasken wuta, amma ba tare da zane da iska mai karfi ba, ba a amfani da shuka ta hanyar shuka. Nau'in ƙasa ba ya taka muhimmiyar rawa, amma gogaggen masu kula da lambu sun lura cewa wake yana ci gaba da mafi munin duka, zai iya tsiro ya ba da 'ya'ya da kyau a kan laka. Wannan ya faru ne saboda rashin dacewar danshi, wanda ke sa tsaba da jijiyoyi su ruɓe.
Gabaɗaya, tsarin shiryawa don samuwar gonar ya ƙunshi digging kasar gona zuwa zurfin felu bayoneti... A lokaci guda, an gabatar da takin mai magani: 4 kilogiram na humus ko takin an kara ta 1 m2, 2 tbsp. l. gari dolomite, 1 tbsp. ammonium nitrate da 2 tbsp. superphosphate.
Wani zaɓi don wadatar da ƙasa tare da abubuwan gina jiki ya haɗa da amfani da post takin (humus), 30 gr. superphosphate, 20 gr. Toka itace ta kowace m2.
Lokacin tantance wuri don shuka wake, ana la'akari da waɗancan albarkatun da suka yi girma a kai a bara.
Magabata masu kyau sune: dankali, karas, tumatir, kokwamba, barkono, eggplant.
Tsarin shuka da zurfin
An dasa iri iri na al'adu bisa ga makirci:
- zurfin jeri zurfin - wani wuri 5-6 cm;
- tazara tsakanin ramuka a jere - 20-25 cm;
- hanya - 40 cm.
An dasa nau'o'in curly a wata hanya kaɗan:
- zurfin jeri - 5-6 cm;
- tazara tsakanin ramuka a jere - 25-30 cm;
- hanya - 45-50 cm.
5-6 ana shuka iri a kowane rami. Bayan samuwar kan shuki, ganye daya a lokaci guda, yakamata a bar shukoki 3, sauran ya kamata a cire ko dasa su a hankali.
Bisa lafazin kalandar wata don 2018 an ba da shawarar dasa wake
- Maris - 20-23 kwanakin;
- Afrilu - 6-9, 19, 20, 23-26;
- Mayu - 7-10, 19-24;
- Yuni - lambobin 4-7.
Barin bayan saukowa
Wakar da ba ta dace ba ba ta buƙatar kulawa da yawa ga kansu, amma har yanzu suna buƙatar ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin fasahar aikin gona.
Furewar ƙwayar wake
'Ya'yan wake suna fara tohowa daga baya 7-10 kwanaki bayan saukowa... Idan iska da yanayin ƙasa suna ƙasa da ƙimomin da aka ba da shawarar, to, harbe na farko zai tsiro kwanaki 5-7 daga baya.
Za'a iya saurin yaduwar ƙwaya idan iri ya jike a cikin kara kuzari gidaje. Rufe gadaje da fim shima yana ba da gudummawa ga wannan.
Dole ne a harzuka matasa don ba su kwanciyar hankali.
Dokokin shayarwa
Shuke yana son ruwa, saboda haka bai kamata ku karya tsarin shayarwa ba. Yana da mahimmanci musamman don moisten kasar gona a lokacin tsawon samuwar kwafsa.
Yawan ruwa a kowane daji an tabbatar da shi ta ido, ana aiwatar da matakai Sau ɗaya a mako, babban abu shine kada a bar ƙasar ta bushe. Mafi kyawun ruwa don ban ruwa shine ruwan sama. Gogaggen lambu amfani da zaunar da ruwa, da yawan zafin jiki na wanda ba kasa da digiri 18 ba.
Abin da saman tufafi don amfani dashi a gonar
A al'adun ne m ga takin mai magani. Bayan shirya ƙasar don dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar yin akalla sutura 3.
Ana aiwatar da hanyar farko ta makonni 3-4 bayan germination. Yana da kyau a yi amfani da hadadden takin zamani mai wadataccen nitrogen da phosphorus. Superphosphate shima ya dace da ƙimar 30-40 grams akan 1 m2.
Bayan makonni 3, kuna buƙatar ciyarwa a karo na biyu, wannan ya zama dole don samuwar 'ya'yan itatuwa (10-15 grams na gishirin potassium da 1 m2). A karo na uku ana gudanar da abubuwan gina jiki bayan makonni 3.
Ya kamata ka ba overdo shi da takin mai magani, za ka iya tsokana da ci gaban fi da kuma rage ovary na pods.
Kwari da rigakafin
Wake na ɗaya daga cikin cropsan cropsan amfanin gona waɗanda kwari ba sa kai hari... Slugs kawai ke iya bayyana.
Za a iya hana mamayewarsu ta hanyar weeds a kan kari, tun da yake ciyawar ta girma kuma ta samar da mahalli mai dacewa ga masu cutar. Idan aka samo slugs, zaka iya saita tarko da yawa daga wanda kake buƙatar cire kwari lokaci-lokaci don zubar dasu.
Lokaci daidai na girbi a cikin ƙasa ko cikin gonar
Lokacin girbi dogara da iri da iri al'ada. Bai kamata a nuna wake wake na asparagus a cikin gadajen ba, saboda samfurin ya rasa kimar sa lokacin da ya bushe.
Idan kun shirya adreshin hatsi, to, zaku iya amfani da kowane fruitsa fruitsan itacen fruitsapean itaciya. Amma don shirye-shiryen hunturu, ya fi kyau a jira kwasfan ruwa su bushe. Babban abu kar a makara, don kar a tattara wake daga ƙasa daga baya.
Bai kamata a tumɓuke duk kwasfan ruwa a lokaci guda a rana ɗaya ba idan akwai cikakkun masu bushewa da shuke-shuke a cikinsu. A inuwar ta saman saman, wasu kwayayen na iya samun rauni, ya fi kyau barin su su girma.
Don saurin fitar da wake daga "gidajen" ba lallai ba ne a rarraba kowane da hannu. Itace zata yi aikin, zaka iya fitar da amfanin gona da aka girba.
Don yin wannan, an shimfiɗa kwasfan da aka bushe musamman akan shimfiɗar shimfiɗa, tare da abin da kuke buƙatar tafiya tare da kayan aiki mai sauƙi tare da ƙoƙari matsakaici. Ya rage kawai don cire bushe ɓangaren wake. Tsoffin wake da aka zaba suna bushewa kuma bayan an daidaita su ne ake aika su ajiya.
Kayan aikin gona na wake yana da sauki, koda mai kula da lambu na iya shuka da shuka shi a yankin Moscow, a cikin Ukraine, Urals ko Belarus. Yin aiwatar da dukkan hanyoyin a kan kari, ana ba da shirye-shiryen hunturu tare da ingantaccen samfurin mai ƙoshin lafiya, mai gina jiki, wanda kuma ya haɓaka menu.