Dasa dankali ba tsari bane mai sauki. Don samun yawan amfanin ƙasa mai dankali, kuna buƙatar bin wasu umarnin don kulawa da shiri.
Fasali na shirya dankali don dasa shuki a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa
Kafin dasa shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, yakamata a zaɓi tubers daidai kuma yakamata a aiwatar da wasu hanyoyin m.
Ana ba da shawarar aiwatar da kayan dasa da kyau. Ya kamata a fara farawa bayan da aka san ainihin ranar shuka. Ana aiwatar da sarrafawa da rarraba kayan shuka ko dai bazara ko kaka.
Ya kamata a zabi tushen lafiya. Kada a sami kwari a daji, kuma ya kamata asalinsu su ƙunshi tubers da yawa. Kar a bar seedsailedan da aka lalace don yaduwa.
Wata dokar babban yatsa lokacin shirya tsaba shine ya fi girma tuber da aka dasa, da sauri tsiron ya bunkasa... Godiya ga wannan, ana iya samun girbi a baya kuma cikin adadi mai yawa.
Zai fi kyau a zabi tubers yin la'akari 100 grams ko fiye... Yana da kyau a shuka dankali mai nauyi daga gram 50 kuma mafi. Zai fi kyau kada a yi amfani da 'ya'yan itacen da ba su da nauyi.
Na gaba, kana buƙatar shirya tubers don germination. Idan baku da tabbacin cewa kayan shuka ba su da cututtuka kuma ba su kamuwa ba, to za ku iya aiwatar da tsarin etching. Etching ana aiwatar dashi ne kawai da tsaba waɗanda basu da tushe.
Shiri na kayan abu a Siberia
A cikin Siberia, mafi kyawun lokacin sauka: ƙarshen bazara - farkon lokacin rani... Ya kamata ƙasa ta riga ta fara ɗumi. Girbi ya kamata ya zama a farkon farkon kaka. Kafin dasa shuki, dole ne a mulmula ƙasa.
Ya kamata a shirya tubers a cikin kaka. Don yin wannan, dole ne a zaɓi tubers, a wanke a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate, bushe da adana shi. Ana ba da shawarar samun kayan dasawa kwanaki 30 a gaba, kuma su tsiro ta kowace hanya a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi har sai koren harbe ya bayyana.
Dankali iri
Don shirya dankali iri, kuna buƙatar bi ta matakai masu zuwa:
- dumama;
- germination a cikin haske;
- marufi na ƙarancin inganci.
Don ci gaban al'ada na dankali, tsaba na buƙatar daɗaɗa sosai.
In ba haka ba, a hankali za su ci gaba a cikin ƙasa kuma su ba da amfanin gona mara kyau. Idan ana adana ƙwayayen uwa a cikin ƙasa na dogon lokaci, suna fuskantar cuta da hare-haren kwari.
Tubers mara kwalliya
Dankali ya kamata a kiyaye shi a cikin ginshiki a cikin kwantena filastik. Kafin dasa shuki, ya kamata ku samu kuma ku rarraba 'ya'yan a cikin' yan kwanaki. Zabi dankali matsakaici wanda ba ya toho ba, to zai fi sauki a gare su su yi tsiro a cikin ƙasa.
Dankalin da ba a fasa ba zai yi girma a hankali kuma ya samar da amfanin gona mara karfi. Don taimakawa dankalin turawa lokacin dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar dafa shi kuma ku dasa shi a cikin ƙasa mai dumi.
Zaɓi
Babu matsala inda aka sayi tsaba, kafin dasa shukoki sake duba ingancinsu... Ya kamata babu rubabben ko fashe tubers. Dole saman 'ya'yan itace ya zama mai tsabta, ba tare da kamuwa da cututtuka ba, dents, girma, fasa.
Duk wani aibu a cikin dankalin zai iya nuna kamuwarsa da wata kwaro. Alal misali, gaban wani fashe a cikin tubers na iya nuna wata cuta - bushe rot.
Me yasa ake buƙatar hanya
Yawan amfanin gona ya dogara da ingancin tubers da yanayin ajiya a cikin hunturu. Idan tuber ya toho, wannan zai haifar da raguwar yawan amfanin ƙasa. by 20%.
Ya raunana tubers kuma yana rage yawan amfanin ƙasa. Kayan da ba a zaba ba na iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta ga dukkan amfanin gona.
Yadda ake fara shiri
Da mahimmanci kiyaye yanayin ajiya kayan shuka. Yakamata a adana tubers a cikin ginshiki a yanayin zafi har zuwa digiri 2 a ma'aunin Celsius.
Kuna buƙatar fara shirya tubers don dasa daga babban dutse, shirya su cikin: ƙarami, matsakaici da babba. Ananan har zuwa 50 gr, matsakaici har zuwa 70 gr, babba har zuwa 90 gr.
Don dasa shuki dankali da wuri, ya fi kyau ayi amfani da manyan tubers. Idan dankalin bai zama daidai ba, wannan alama ce ta farko ta lalacewar kayan lambu. Zai fi kyau kada a yi amfani da irin waɗannan lokuta. Mafi kyawun kayan dasa shine zaɓi, aka saya a cikin shaguna na musamman.
Kafin ka fara sauka kana bukatar disinfect tubers na rabin sa'a a cikin bayani na potassium permanganate da vitriol a cikin rabo na 5 l na ruwa, 5 g na potassium permanganate da 1 g na jan karfe sulphate.
Hanyoyi
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don shirya dankali don shuka. Wadannan hanyoyin sun hada da.
Germination
Germination ana iya yin ta hanyoyi da yawa:
- A cikin haske... Wanda aka gudanar a cikin daki mai haske a matakin digiri 5-10. Wajibi ne a zaɓi tubers masu matsakaicin girma har zuwa gram 90, a bazu a ɗaya layin kusa da juna kuma a bar shi har wata ɗaya har sai tsiro sun yi tsawon 1 cm. Dole ne a juya dankalin a hankali kowane kwana bakwai.
- A cikin polyethylene... Kuna buƙatar saka tubers a cikin jaka na guda 10 kuma ku sanya ƙananan ramuka da yawa don izinin oxygen. Ana ba da shawarar rataye jakunkuna a cikin ɗaki mai haske, amma ba cikin hasken rana kai tsaye ba. Ci gaba har sai farkon harbe ya bayyana.
- A cikin tukwane... Kuna iya ɗaukar manyan jita-jita yumbu ko kwalabe na filastik, bayan da kuka yanke saman akwatin a baya. Ana shuka dankalin turawa da wuri a cikin tukwane. Germination fara wata daya kafin dasa shuki. Gabani, ya kamata a ajiye dankali a cikin kwanson danshi ko humus na kimanin sati daya. Sa'an nan kuma canjawa zuwa tukwane, sanya humus gauraye da ƙasa a ƙasa a gaba.
- A cikin kwalaye tare da takin zamani... Gasa tsaba a cikin murhu ko tanda don kiyaye su daga kwari. Takin ƙasa tare da ma'adinai da kwayoyin, sanya shi a ƙasan kwalaye. Sanya tubers a cikin yadudduka da yawa kuma dan kadan moisten da ruwa. Bar har sai sprouts sun bayyana a gida a zazzabi na digiri + 15.
Wilting
Ana bada shawara don bushe dankali. Bukatar shimfida shi a kan busassun bene a cikin ɗaki mai dacewa (a cikin Layer ɗaya). Hanyar tana ɗaukar kwanaki goma. Tare da taimakon wilting, zaka iya shigar da iska tushen albarkatu da lissafin masu ƙarancin inganci.
Warming sama
Ana buƙatar canja tsaba makonni huɗu kafin dasa shuki cikin daki mai dumi tare da zazzabi har zuwa digiri 20 kuma ka bar su a can na kimanin mako guda. Gaba, ya kamata ka sake canza wurin su cikin dakin haskeinda zafin yake bai fi digiri 10 ba.
Tsaba koyaushe ya zama mai danshi. Don yin wannan, ana ba da shawarar a fesa tubers a hankali da kwalba mai fesa ruwa. 'Ya'yan suna cikin wannan halin har zuwa lokacin shuka.
Etching
Zuwa guji gurɓatar tubers tare da cututtuka, dole ne a tsince shi. Don yin wannan, zaku iya amfani da mafita waɗanda aka siyar a cikin shaguna na musamman.
Hakanan zaka iya aiwatar da aikin a gida ta amfani da potassium permanganate. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar tsarma wani bayani na potassium permanganate da ruwa, ƙara sulfate na jan ƙarfe kuma tsoma dankalin a cikin maganin na minti 1. Bayan aikin, kana buƙatar barin tsaba ta zama iska.
Shuke-shuke
Kafin dasa shuki dankali, kana buƙatar aiwatar da hanyoyi da yawa:
- a gaba tono ƙasa zuwa zurfin 15-20 cmdon lalata kwari;
- bi da ƙasa tare da mafita na musamman don rigakafin daga marigayi Blight;
- wadatar da ƙasa tare da ma'adanai da kwayoyin;
- shekara guda kafin shirin dasa dankali, a dasa a shafin gefe.
Ya kamata a gudanar da shiri na tubers don dasawa bisa ga umarnin. Dasa dankali ba kasuwanci bane mai sauki da wahala, amma babban abin shine ka samu lada ta hanyar girbi mai kyau da lafiya. Ina maku nasara!