Kowane mazaunin lokacin rani yana kawata shafin nasa da furanni masu haske, shrub daban-daban, conifers, manyan ferns. Ana iya yin hakan ta hanyoyi da yawa. Musamman masu ban sha'awa shine yiwuwar girbi 'ya'yan itace masu dadi a kan kyakkyawan wuri, mai ƙarfi, mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi wanda ke aiki azaman koren shinge. Daga cikin su, yanzu zaku iya ganin ribelaria (yoshta) - a cikin talakawan da suke kira matasan currants da gooseberries, wanda zamuyi magana akan su.
Bayani kan matasan baƙi na currant da guzberi
Ba za a iya samun tsire-tsire a tsakanin gandun daji na daji, kusa da bankunan koguna, tabkuna, da sauran wuraren yanayin daji. Kamar, misali, Karelian zinariya currant, sauran shrubs. An samo shi ne sakamakon hadadden aikin masu kiwo daga ƙasashe daban-daban. Sakamakon farko na samun nau'in yoshta na 'ya'yan itace ya zama sananne a cikin 1959 daga ayyukan masu kiwo na Jamusawa... Saboda haka sunan, gami da ma'anonin Jamusanci na kalmomin currant, guzberi.
Oƙarin samo ƙwayar da ba ta da ƙaya, kamar a kan 'ya'yan itacen' guzberi, don yin juriya da bayyanar cututtukan currant na yau da kullun, an yi su na dogon lokaci. An bayyana tsarin aikin cikin daki-daki a cikin ayyukan Michurin. Amma kwararru ne kawai daga Cibiyar Max Planck da ke Jamus, ta amfani da hanyoyin haskakawa, tasirin sinadarai na hadewar nesa, bayan shekaru arba'in na aikin wahala, sun sami damar tsallake gooseberries da currants kuma sun sami nau'ikan yoshta na farko tare da ingantaccen 'ya'yan itace, alamun da aka faɗi na sabon shuka. Lokacin samuwar 'ya'yan itacen farko ya fara a shekara ta biyu ta ci gaba.... Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine na hali don yawancin iri a cikin shekara ta huɗu ta girma. A cikin Rasha, cakuda 'ya'yan itacen gooseberries da currants sun bayyana a farkon 1980s.
Shrub ɗin, wanda aka lulluɓe da ganye koren duhu kama da ganyen 'ya'yan itace, ya kai mita biyu a tsayi. Ba su da ƙanshi mai ƙarfi. Ganye suna fadowa daga daji a ƙarshen kaka. Mai tushe mai tsawo ne, ba tare da ƙaya ba. Matsakaicin yawan tsire-tsire masu girma shine 12... Tushen ya kai zurfin cm 50. Girman rawanin ya kai mita biyu. Ya yi fure da wuri tare da gungu masu haske. Bugu da kari ga kai pollination, shi bada shawarar dasa currant da guzberi bushes nan kusa. Ungiyoyin itinga arean gajera ne, waɗanda aka yi wa ado da manyan berriesa berriesan blacka blackan baƙar fata, suna haskakawa a rana, tare da ɗanɗano mai launin shunayya. Farkon isowa na farkon berries yana faruwa a watan Yuli.
'Ya'yan itacen berry basa yin lagwada a lokaci guda, wanda ke buƙatar girbi mai yawa a hankali, wanda ya tsawanta rayuwa mai amfani.
Tsawancin rayuwar aiki na yoshta daji ya kai shekaru 30 a wurin da aka zaɓa na shuka. Adadin sabbin harbe-harben da suke girma daga asalinsu ba su da yawa. Ana iya haɓaka adadin su ta hanyar hawa dutse na yau da kullun. Ribelaria tana da rigakafi ga kwari da yawa, cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyin iyaye... Yoshta iri ne masu sanyi.
Shahararrun nau'ikan Yoshta
Yohini
Ana kiran Yohini daya daga cikin nau'ikan farko na matasan da ake jira da dadewa. Dogon daji yayi kama da currant. Ganyayyaki ba su da ƙanshin currant, ba sa faɗuwa na dogon lokaci. A iri-iri yana da matukar dadi manyan 'ya'yan itãcen marmari. Yawan amfanin ƙasa daga daji ɗaya na iya zuwa kilogiram 10... Wannan yana dauke da babban mai nuna alama tsakanin sauran nau'ikan.
EMB
Turanci iri-iri. Semi yada daji. Yana girma har zuwa mita biyu a tsayi. A berries dandana kamar gooseberries. An bambanta nau'ikan iri-iri, da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan narkar da Berry.kai wata biyu.
Kambi
Erect Swiss Yoshta iri-iri. A berries ne ƙananan, mai yawa, baƙar fata, reminiscent na currants. -Ananan iri-iri... Amfaninsa shine kasancewar kasancewar 'ya'yan itace masu tsayi akan mai tushe ba tare da zubewa ba.
Maimaitawa
Bambance-bambancen da makiyayan cikin gida ke samu na da matukar ƙarfi ga kamuwa da cutar kaska da tsananin sanyi. Yawan Berry shine matsakaici. Shawarar kwararru don dasa shuki a cikin yankunan sanyi na Rasha.
Moreau
Tsayi mai tsayi, ba mai yalwa ba yana ba da girbi mai kyau na 'ya'yan itacen berry girman cherry... Kowace shekara, sababbin nau'ikan tsire-tsire suna bayyana akan kasuwar tsire-tsire, wanda ke sa zaɓin ya bambanta.
Lokacin zabar nau'ikan yoshta don takamaiman yanayin dasa shuki, ka tuna cewa mafi yawan hasken rana yana sauka akan shuka, zai fi girbi dadi, da daɗi, da ƙari.
Saukowa
An dasa shukar a farkon kaka, a lokacin bazara. A kowane hali, yoshta ya sami tushe da kyau, yana girma da sauri. Dole ne kayan shuka su sami ingantaccen tsarin tushen. Ba a ba shi izinin amfani da busassun tsire-tsire tare da kumburin bushewa, busassun asalinsu... Zaiyi girma a hankali kuma bazai bada amfanin ba.
Kafin dasa shuki, ana ba da shawarar a jiƙa asalinsu na kimanin awanni 2 a cikin ingantaccen maganin ƙasa mai ni'ima, jiƙa su da kyau, daidaita su. Bayan sun saukar da su cikin rami, suna da kyau a miƙe, suna shayar. An gabatar da takin zamani, humus, takin ma'adinai a cikin ramin shuka. Bambanci a cikin tsarin shuka daga currants shine mafi girman buƙatar potassium, wanda ake amfani dashi kafin dasa shuki. Saitin takin mai zuwa na shuka daya ana daukar shi mafi kyau duka, wanda ya zama dole a farkon lokacin girma: game da kilogiram 5 na kwayoyin halitta, 40 g na potassium sulfate, 60 g na superphosphate. Soilasa a cikin ramin dasa shuki, a kewayen shukar tana shayarwa sosai, ana mulched. Nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire an tsara shi ya zama kusan mita 1.5. Tsakanin layuka yana ƙaruwa zuwa 2 m.
Ramin dasa don yoshta ya fi girma fiye da na currants, gooseberries. Adadin taki da ake amfani da shi yayin dasa shi ma ya fi yawa. Ana ƙaddara wannan ta hanyar buƙatar ƙara yankin ciyarwa, wanda ke ƙayyade girbi na gaba.
Sake haifuwa da kulawa
Ka'idar girma shrub ta banbanta kadan daga hanyoyin kula da currants da barberries. Kuna buƙatar sanin hakan yoshta na bukatar mulching na akwati karkashin kambi... Wannan yana hana danshin danshi, wanda yake da matukar mahimmanci don ci gaban daji. Dole ne a shayar da shuka sosai.
Tudun ƙasa da aka yi da peat, humus, ƙasa mai kyau a ƙarƙashin daji yana taimaka fitowar harbe-harbe, waɗanda ake amfani da su don haifuwa.
Gandun daji baya buƙatar datti na musamman, wanda yayi aiki azaman fasahar noma don ƙirƙirar kambi. Ya isa a yi shi a matsayin tsabtace jiki, kawar da bushewa, ɓatattun bishiyoyi.
Shuke-shuke yana karɓar haɗuwa, farawa daga kwanakin bazara a cikin hanyar mafita daga taki kaza, mullein.
Yankan
Ya dace da yankan sune harbe-harben shekara-shekara waɗanda ake yankewa a lokacin sanyi. Nan da nan bayan girbi, ana nitsar da su cikin ruwa na awanni uku. Daga nan sai su saka su a cikin jaka, firiji har zuwa lokacin bazara, lokacin da aka dasa su a cikin greenhouse. An canza tsire-tsire zuwa wuri a cikin faɗuwa. Amfani da hanyar yaduwa ta hanyar yankan yana hade da ikon iya aiwatar da aikin a kowane lokaci na shekara.... Misali, a lokacin bazara, a cikin watan Agusta, kana iya yanke saman rassan gefe na tsawon tsawon cm 20. Yaga ƙananan ganye, ya ajiye na sama bayan ya rage su da sulusin tsawon. Yi karamin rauni a kan kowane koda. A ƙasan yankan, yi yanka da yawa don ƙarfafa ƙarfin girman tushen. Bayan sarrafa sarƙar tare da haɓakar haɓakar girma, dasa shi a hankali a cikin greenhouse ko ƙarƙashin ƙaramin filastik. Ruwa yalwa. Idan an yi aikin a farkon bazara, za a shirya ƙwaya mai ƙarfi a kaka.
Yanke igiyar da aka yi wa laka, wanda aka sare daga cikakkun mai tushe, galibi ana amfani da shi don faɗaɗawa. Dole ne ya zama akwai strongaƙan budasa shida masu ƙarfi a kan guda 20 cm... An dasa shi mara kyau, yana barin buds biyu a saman ƙasa. Wani gado mai yankan ruwa galibi ana shayar dashi da yawa don ba da damar samuwar tushen tushen tsarin a kaka ɗaya kawai.
Gidaje
Irin wannan yaduwar za a iya aiwatarwa tare da tsaye, shimfida kwance na tushe. A yanayi na farko, a lokacin bazara, an datse dukkanin tsohuwar daji., kututture har zuwa tsawon cm 25. Tare da shayarwa na yau da kullun, kulawa, kamar ainihin daji, samari matasa sun bayyana a kansu, waɗanda ake amfani dasu don haifuwa.
Hanya ta biyu ita ce mafi sauki kuma mafi dacewa. Don saurin samuwar sabbin shuke-shuke a cikin bazara, shekara biyu, harbe-harbe masu karfi na shekara-shekara da ke girma a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren daji an matse su a ƙasa kuma an rufe su da ƙasa mai ni'ima. A saman reshe an gajarta gajere. Yawancin harbe-harbe suna girma daga ƙwayoyin da ke ƙarƙashin saman saman ƙasa mai ni'ima... Ana narkarda su sau da yawa a kakar, ana ciyar dasu, ana shayar dasu, ana cire ciyawar. An shirya shuki masu ƙarfi don dasa shuki a cikin dindindin a kaka, bazara mai zuwa.
Ta rarraba daji
Hanyar tana da tasiri ta fuskar saurin samun kayan shuka. An ba da shawarar yin amfani da shi idan kuna buƙatar canja wurin shuka zuwa wani wuri, idan kuna son ƙara yawan bishiyoyin yoshta. Don wannan, ana amfani da bushes, waɗanda suke aƙalla shekaru shida. A cikin bazara, a cikin kaka, an tono daji gaba daya, an 'yanta shi daga duniya, tushen sa mai rauni. Tare da gatari, sun kasu kashi-kashi wadanda suke da aƙalla tushe guda uku masu ƙarfi, da yawa masu tushe tare da kyawawan ƙwayoyi. An rufe wuraren lalacewa da kwal. Dasa nan da nan zuwa dindindin wuri.
Duk wata hanyar kiwo tana bukatar kulawa mai kyau, wadataccen ruwan sha, ciyarwa don samuwar tsarin tushen karfi. Wannan shine mabuɗin saurin girma na daji, samuwar wadataccen girbin yoshta.
Canja wurin
Dalilin da yasa aka dasa shi a bishiyar yoshta daji shine wadannan dalilai:
- Daji ya tsufa.
- Mummunan zaɓi na wurimisali, rashin zafin rana, wanda ke rage girbin shekara-shekara.
- Girman Bushtsoma baki tare da sauran shuka, gine-gine.
- Mai karfi ƙarancin ƙasa a cikin wani wuri na ci gaba da girma.
Umurnin, jerin fasahohin kere-kere yayin dasawa ya dace da biyan bukatun ci gaban shrub. Soilasa mai dausayi, girman ramin shuka, haske mai yawa, yiwuwar ba da ruwa na yau da kullun, yakamata a kiyaye suturar sama kamar yadda aka fara shukawa. A Hankali ku shirya dasa bishiyar don ƙaura zuwa sabon wuri... An cire tsofaffin rassa, an taƙaita matasa. Bayan cire shi a hankali daga ƙasa, yana da kyau a raba daji zuwa sassa, dasa su cikin rami daban, ba a manta da ciyarwa ba, ruwa mai yawa.
A wuraren zama na arewacin, ya fi kyau dasawa a cikin bazara bayan an sami matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin yau da kullun. Lokacin dasawa a cikin kaka, yana da mahimmanci a lura da ci gaban daji, rufe shi don hunturu.
Kammalawa
Abin takaici, noman masana'antu na yoshta har yanzu bashi da cigaba... Ba za ku iya gwadawa ba, ku ga kyawawan ƙwayoyi don haka koyaushe. Girman fasaha a nan gaba zai sa ta zama mai araha da tilas kamar currant.
Bugu da ƙari, yoshta berries sune kantin bitamin da sauran abubuwa masu amfani da yawa waɗanda suke da mahimmanci a kowane zamani. Kuma yara na iya nutsuwa, ba tare da tsoron yin farauta da ƙaya ba, ɗauki berriesa berriesan berriesa froman itace daga cikin daji lokacin watannin bazara.