Turkeys na broiler wani nau'in kaji ne da yawancin manoma da kamfanonin noma ke yi. Sun shahara ne saboda rashin wayewa, yanayin nutsuwa, haihuwa da kyawawan halayan dandano na abincin nama.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu duba yadda ake kiwon turkey a gida, yadda ake ciyar da kajin broiler da yadda za a guje wa cututtuka na yau da kullun.
Arewacin Amurka ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mai gano yawancin ƙirar zamani na turkey broiler.
General bayanin
Jikin broilers na da ƙarfi, tsoka ne, mai baƙar fata mai ƙarfi mai jan hankali. Tsuntsaye suna gudu da sauri, fuka-fuki masu tasowa suna ba da izinin tashi sama da shingen mita uku. Ci gaba da sauri har zuwa 50 km / h.
Manoma suna daukar nau'in brokey turkey a matsayin masu cin zabe, suna bukatar takamaiman yanayin gida.
Akwai nuances da yawa, shawarwari waɗanda ke da tasiri mai tasiri akan ci gaban turkeys, kiyaye lafiyar ɗaukacin. Oƙarin da aka kashe ya biya cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, saboda yawan haɓakar dillalai.
Yanayi na kiyaye broiler turkey
Yana da kyau a ajiye turkey broiler a cikin gidan kaji na musamman.
Bukatun farko:
- yanayi mai kyau na zazzabi;
- keji bushe;
- mara iyaka samun ruwa;
- kasancewar iska mai iska.
Lokacin dumi wani lokaci ne mai kyau don fara girma broiler turkey poults a gida, yana ba da dama don tafiya da samari a farfajiyar. Gidajen suna da fadi: turkeys na buƙatar manyan wurare.
Ana sakin mutanen da suka balaga a cikin farfajiyar kaji don su yi lamuran kilogram. Tankakken turkey tsuntsaye ne na gida. Wasu nau'ikan suna haɓaka da ƙwazo ta manyan masana'antun noma.
Halaye na waje da halaye na daban
Turkeys na broiler suna da girman girma. Nauyin manya maza 20-30 ne. Mata suna girma cikin girmansu sosai: ninki biyu na na maza.
Babban manufar bunƙasa turkey shine don samun nama mai inganci. Noman ƙwai alama ce mai mahimmanci, duk da haka, ba shine babba ba. Farkon kwanciya, nauyi, yawan kwan da aka samu ya dogara ne da nau'in broiler turkey.
Yanzu bari muyi magana game da yadda ake ciyar da turkey broiler a gida. Ana ba da shawarar ciyar da manya sau 4 a rana. Broilers koyaushe suna buƙatar buɗewar hanyar zuwa mai ba da abinci, in ba haka ba za a sami mara nauyi. Yarda da abinci ya fi dacewa. Zaban rashin daidaito na awannin ciyarwa yana haifar da tamowa. Hare-haren yunwa suna tare da haushi, halayyar m tsuntsaye.
Iri-iri duwatsu
Mabuɗin samun nasarar kiwo na turkey mai kiba mai kyau shine tsarin mutum zuwa zaɓi na hanyoyin kiyaye wani nau'in. Akwai manyan nau'ikan manyan turkey uku.
- Haske iri. Kar ya wuce kilogiram 15. Maza sun fi mata nauyi - kimanin kilogiram 10 a kowane gawa. Mutane masu ƙarfi da ke jure wa cuta, mata suna da yawan yawan ƙwai. Wadannan sun hada da Norfolk, Bestville, White Dutch irin.
- Matsakaici sized broilers. Mutane masu yawan gaske, masu nauyin kilogram 16. Wannan ya hada da Turkawan Mosko da Arewacin Caucasian.
- Mafi girman nau'ikan. Mafi mashahuri nau'in broiler. Nauyin manya maza ya kai kilo 30. Mata suna girma sau biyu kamar ƙananan - 12 kilogiram. Ididdigar ta haɗa da fararen fata masu ƙwanƙwasa, Kanad tagulla, babba 6.
Yawancin manoma suna da 'yanci don zaɓar cikin ƙetare nau'in turkeys na cikin gida. Sun fi ƙarfi. Broarancin broilers da wuya ya wuce ƙofar nauyin kilogiram 10.
Mafi inganci kuma ana buƙata tsakanin filayen gida shine nau'ikan nau'ikan girma:
- Canadiananyen gidan Kanada mai yalwa. An samo asali ta hanyar zaɓi mai kyau. Kusan iri iri ake ci. Abincin ya kamata ya ƙunshi baits daban-daban, ƙwayoyin bitamin. Karuwar nauyi yana faruwa cikin sauri. Wata daya da rabi daga baya, kajin sun kai kilogiram 5. Bayan wani da rabi - shirye don yanka don nama. Oviposition na mata yana farawa ne daga watanni tara, yawan ƙwai da aka sa a shekara ya kai guda 200.
Consideredwararrun ƙwararrun masanan ƙasar Kanada suna ɗayan mafi girma a tsakanin sauran ƙarancin tsufa. Nauyin babban namiji zai iya kaiwa kilogiram 30 a farkon watanni uku.
- Farin faffadan nono. Maza sun kai kilogiram 25 cikin nauyi, mata - 11 kilogiram. Suna da matsakaicin girma girma. Lokacin da yakai wata biyar, kajin yakai kilo 7. Masu wakiltar nau'in suna da mahimmanci game da abinci. Mata suna da babban matakin samar da kwai - kwai 100 a shekara, kashi 90% daga cikinsu za su haifi sabbin kajin.
- Babban 6 - wani nau'i ne na ƙananan giciye na cikin gida, an haife shi a 2007 a Burtaniya. Yana da rabo mai ban sha'awa na nauyin nauyin jiki duka zuwa adadin tsarkakakken nama. Alamomin waje suna kama da farin farin ciki, matakin yawan aiki yayi kama da na Kanada. A watanni 3, ya kai shekarun yanka. Nauyin zai iya zuwa 30 kilogiram.
Yadda ake ciyar da turkey da broiler a gida
Ciyar kajin kaji a gida dole ne ya zama abinci na musamman, misali, sifili. Ya ƙunshi dukkan abubuwan gina jiki masu mahimmanci. Bayan kwana 14, sauyi mai santsi zuwa gauraya don girma kaji yana farawa.
Ara cikin ingancin halayen dandano na naman turkey za a iya cimma ta hanyar haɗa da man sunflower, acorns, man alade a cikin abincin yau da kullun na unguwannin su. Godiya ga waɗannan ƙarin, naman ya zama mai taushi da taushi.
Bayan makonni biyu, ana niƙa hatsi da alkama a hankali a cikin abincin da aka saba. Kogin yashi, murƙushe bawo, alli zai inganta aikin hanji. Wani lokaci zaka iya yiwa 'ya'yan kayayye da madara mai tsami, dafaffen dankali da kuma romo. Wajibi ne a nike komai sosai kafin a ba wa turkey hidiman - manyan abinci na iya toshe hanyoyin iska, kuma tsuntsun zai mutu.
Daga shekaru wata uku, abincin broiler turkeys ya kamata ya ƙunshi hatsi masu zuwa:
- alkama (50%);
- sha'ir (20%);
- masara (10%);
- hatsi (10%);
- Ciyarwar fili (10%).
A cikin hunturu, za'a iya maye gurbin sabbin ciyayi tare da rassan bishiyoyi coniferous (spruce, fir, pine) da kuma hay.
Ga manya, tare da ƙananan broilers, yana da mahimmanci a cinye ganyaye daban-daban - albasa, nettles, karas saman, gwoza, ganyen kabeji. Duk wani kayan lambu da zasu yi.
Fasali na kiwo da namo
Sabbin kyankyasai turkey ana ajiye su a cikin ɗaki mai dumi. Yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye tsarin zafin jiki na makonni 2 na farko (digiri 22-25 Celsius). Kiwan lafiya na kaji ya dogara da kiyaye yanayi mai kyau. Ya kamata a girka masu ciyarwa, ban da abin da ya faru na tarawa tsakanin kajin, in ba haka ba mutane marasa karfi za su kasance cikin rashin abinci mai gina jiki ko kuma kawai a tattake su.
Tsabtataccen ruwa yana da mahimmanci don kulawar broiler mai dacewa... Vacuum da masu shan nono sun dace.
Masu shayar da nono, saboda tsarinsu da kuma samarda ruwan sha ta hanyar bawul din, basa toshewa, banda ruwa mara kyau, kuma sau dayawa suna sauwaka kula da kiwon kowane zamani.
Dole ne gidan ya zama iska. Ana canza poults na turkey zuwa titi bayan makonni 2. Yanzu kun san game da kiwo da kiyaye broiler turkeys a gida.
Rigakafin cutar kaji
Turkeys na broiler tsuntsaye ne masu saukin kamuwa da cututtukan ɓangarorin hanji. Matakan kariya:
- alurar riga kafi;
- maganin rigakafi.
Ribobi da fursunoni na girma
Turkeys masu girma suna da halaye masu kyau da marasa kyau. Ya kamata ku yi la'akari da su dalla-dalla.
Ribobi:
- nama na turkey na gida, ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na bitamin masu amfani da ma'adinai, sananne ne saboda ƙoshin mai mai ƙima, mai cin abinci ne;
- qwai na turkey broiler suna da darajar abinci mai gina jiki da kuma babban dandano;
- kiwo don siyarwa ya biya da sauri. Naman ana ɗaukarsa mafi ƙaranci kuma mafi tsada;
- gogaggen shayarwa san: kiwo da kuma ƙarin sayar da samfuran turkey kusan ba shi da lahani. Kuna iya siyar da gashin fuka-fuka, ƙasa, ƙwai, nama, kajin kowane zamani.
Usesasa:
- yanayi na musamman don kiyaye ƙananan dabbobi, haɗarin mace-mace;
- matasa suna buƙatar nisantar sauran kiwon kaji saboda yiwuwar cututtuka, kajin suna da kunya;
- mai saukin kamuwa da kiba, don rigakafi, ya kamata a ba da yawa ganye.
Manoma sun sake nazari
Yanar gizo cike take da dandalin tattaunawa da aka keɓe don kiwon ciyawar turkey. Kididdiga ta nuna cewa kasuwancin yana da matukar riba, ana biyan kudin abinci ta hanyar sayar da turkey biyu cikin goma.
Iyalinmu suna kiwon turkey sama da shekaru biyu. A karo na farko, sun ɗauki alatun turkey goma don gwadawa, ko zai yi aiki - babu ɗayan da ba shi da lafiya. An shafe watanni biyu ana ciyar dasu da abinci na musamman na turkey "Provimi", daga baya tare da abincin mai hada broiler PK-4. Bayan yanke shawarar fara kiwo, da yawa shakku nan da nan suka tashi. Amma mun yi shi ba tare da nadama ba! Bayan shekara guda, an ɗauki kajin 35 a lokaci ɗaya, ɗayan ya mutu kwana ɗaya. Linearshe: broilers sun yi girma sosai!
Dole ne ku dame, ya cancanci duk ƙoƙarin. Babban fa'idar broilers shine yawan nama! Bayan turkey, kaji sun zama kamar tantabaru. Na ji daɗin kiwo sosai. Tsuntsu daya yakai nauyin kilogiram 15 zuwa 17. Ya isa ciyar da iyali, kuma yana yiwuwa a siyar nan da nan.
Wasu manoma sun yi gwaji tare da sauya abinci don wasu nau'ikan kiwon kaji, kamar su cakuda kaza. Watannin wata sun girma cikin koshin lafiya, sun kai kilogiram 25 cikin nauyi.
Shugabannin kasuwancin da ke yin kiwo suna da tabbacin: hanyoyin ba da shawara na kiyayewa ba sa buƙatar tsayayye, tsuntsun yana da tauri da rashin faɗi. Za'a iya samun tarin manyan tsuntsaye masu lafiya tare da wasu ƙoƙari. Shekaru na kwarewa da masaniya da abubuwan da suka bambanta, nuances na kiyaye broiler turkeys ya gamsar da masu shayarwa - kasuwancin ya cancanci ƙoƙari sosai.