Da zarar kun yanke shawarar zama mai kiwon kudan zuma kuma ku sayi wasu iyalai, lokaci yayi da za a buƙaci sabbin amya. Iyalai suna girma kuma suna yawo kuma suna buƙatar matsar da su cikin sabbin gidaje. Tabbas, zaku iya siyan waɗanda aka shirya, amma yana da haɗari ku sayi tsofaffin. Ba a san irin cututtukan da za a iya saya tare da su ba, amma suna cizon sabbin farashin. Abu daya ya rage - don yin amya ta kudan zuma da hannunka bisa ga zane. Idan kun san duk ka'idojin masana'antu, to ba shi da wahala ko kaɗan.
A cikin wannan labarin zamuyi magana ne kawai game da yin kudan zuma da hannayenmu, madaidaitan girma da zane-zane akansu. Zamu gano menene lounger da kuma yadda ake yinta.
Kayan da ake buƙata don yin kudan zuma
A zamanin da, masu kiwon zuma suna hakar zuma a cikin ramuka na bishiyoyi, sa'annan suka fara tono itacen ƙudan zuma. Tare da ci gaban kiwon zuma, sai suka fara samar da shaida ga kudan zuma da hannayensu na zane daban-daban, kuma kayan da aka basu na daban ne.
Itace
Kayan gargajiya don yin amya ta kudan zuma. A cikin irin waɗannan gidaje, ƙudan zuma suna ji a cikin yanayin yanayi, kusa da na ɗabi'a. Mafi kyawun nau'in katako don yin itacen al'ul, kodayake linden da aspen ma ana iya yin su. Waɗannan amya suna numfasawa da kyau, suna jin ƙamshi kuma sun bushe
Aspen da amsar linden suna buƙatar ƙarin rufi a lokacin sanyi. Kuma waɗannan kayan tsada ne.
Wasu masu kiwon zuma suna tsunduma kansu yin kudan zuma daga kayan masu rahusa. Waɗannan su ne pine, spruce, fir. Amma a cikin irin wannan shaidar, kudan zuma ba su da kwanciyar hankali. Suna tattara danshi da resins, musamman a sababbi... Smellanshi mai kamshi. Abu daya ne kawai mai kyau a cikinsu, suna da dumi kuma suna buƙatar ƙaramin rufi don hunturu.
Itace plywood
Durable da muhalli abu. Gidan da aka yi shi dole ne a rufe shi da fenti kuma a sanya shi ta ciki tare da faɗaɗa polystyrene, to zai zama bushe da dumi a ciki. Amma plywood yana jin tsoron danshi kuma yana buƙatar kulawa mai dacewa da dacewa.
Polyara polystyrene
Kayan zamani wanda masu kiwon kudan zuma ke amfani dashi wajen yin amya. Yana da ƙananan kuɗi kuma baya buƙatar ƙarin rufi a lokacin hunturu.
Rashin dacewar wannan kayan shine kara karfi da ragi. Idan aka zaɓi mara inganci, zuma na iya lalacewa.
Styrofoam
Zaɓin zaɓi mafi tattalin arziki. Zai yiwu a yi amfani da marufi daga kayan aikin gida. Plusarin wannan kayan shine hasken sa koda tare da manyan hotuna. Kyakkyawan rufin zafi. Sidearin wannan kayan shine raunin da yake da shi da kuma launi mai ɗorewa, don haka kar ya rugujewa daga hasken rana.
Polyurethane
Kyakkyawan kayan haɗin haɓakar thermal. Ba ya ruɓewa, ba ya ruɓewa Naman gwari da kwayoyin cuta basa bunkasa a ciki. Baya barin danshi wucewa kuma baya taruwa a ciki. Kudan zuma, beraye da tsuntsaye basa son cizon sa.
Drawaramin koma baya shine mai saurin kunnawa kuma ana buƙatar samun iska, saboda baya barin iska ta wuce.
Bayan nazarin halaye na abu a hankali, zaka iya fara ginin hive. Yi la'akari da zaɓuɓɓuka don gina katako da kumfa gidaje.
Iri da zane na amya
Ana amfani da nau'ikan amya da yawa don kiyaye kudan zuma, mabambanta zane, girma, kayan aiki da aiki. Samar da ƙudan zuma da gidaje masu dacewa yana nufin ƙirƙirar kyakkyawan yanayi don rayuwa da aiki, da kanka da kyakkyawan girbin zuma.
Gidajen kudan zuma an raba su ta hanyar zane:
- dunƙule;
- mara rabuwa.
Kusan babu wanda yayi amfani da na ƙarshen saboda wahalar barin shi.... Duk masu kiwon zuma suna amfani da amya firam, inda adadin firam ɗin zai iya bambanta. Shahararren gidan amintaccen yi-da-kanka katon gado mai tsari 24. Koyaya, akwai zaɓuɓɓuka don firam 16 da 20.
Hakanan, an raba amya firam zuwa:
- a kwance;
- a tsaye.
A kwance ko "lounger" ya ƙunshi jiki ɗaya. Fadada ta tafi gefe. Abu ne mai sauki ayi aiki tare da irin wadannan shaidun, don sauya adadin sigogi, amma suna da nakasu - sun kasance masu wahala da nauyi.
Wadanda suke tsaye suna da gine-gine da yawa. Wannan fom din yana da nauyi kuma yana da hannu.
Dukansu siffofin suna amfani da sassan da yawa. An rabu da su ta ɓangarori, wanda ke ba ku damar canza ƙarar a kowace hanya.
Shahararrun kayayyaki
Dadanovsky
Ana amfani dashi a kusan dukkanin apiaries. Ana yin itace (itacen al'ul, spruce, pine, Linden, aspen). Ya bambanta a cikin sauki da fadi. Ya ƙunshi fulomi 12 kuma ana iya haɓaka yayin da dangi ke girma, kantuna ko gine-gine. A lokacin hunturu, ana ajiye ƙudan zuma a cikin gida. Tare da farawar dumi da karuwar iyali, ana basu gawarwaki.
Mai tsayi
Multi-hive hive. Mahaliccin shine Bafaranshe ɗan Faransa Roger Delon. Anyi shi bisa ƙa'idar mara kyau. Watau yanayin halitta na ƙudan zuma an halicce su kuma anyi la'akari dasu.
Karamin zane ya dace don keɓe sarari... Ba shi da bangare ko ramuka na samun iska. Iska na gudana ta dabi'a ta hanyar ruf.
Ruta
Wannan gidan kudan zumar DIY da nufin kiyaye ƙudan zuma a yankunan kudanci, saboda saboda sake yin gyare-gyare na gine-gine, yanayin gidan yana faruwa. Ya ƙunshi gine-gine 6 tare da firam 10.
Kaset
Saboda karuwar yaduwar kudan zuma tsakanin masu kiwon kudan zuma, amosanin cassette ya zama sananne. Irin wannan shaidar da bakin ciki bangare, sabili da haka, ƙudan zuma suna ƙirƙirar microclimate da kansu.
Ana yin ta ne kawai da itace kuma an shayar da ita da kakin zuma, don haka ƙudan zuma a cikinsu ba sa saurin kamuwa da cututtuka.
Gidan zama na Ukrainian
Irin wannan zane na hive a cikin girma shine mafi dace da sabon shiga... Suna da sauƙin kulawa. Sauƙi a gina, wanda zai ba ka damar ƙwarewar ƙwarewar kiwon zuma. Yawancin lokaci irin waɗannan amya 20 ne. Gefen gidan suna da rufi, saboda haka ƙudan zuma hunturu a cikin su.
Akwai kayayyaki da yawa na shaidu, amma bari mu ci gaba da zama dalla-dalla a kan kayan gargajiya, wurin zama tare da lambobi daban-daban da jiki mai yawa, mara faɗi. A wannan yanayin, akwai gadajen kudan zuma na katako na 16, 20 da 24.
Yadda ake gina hive na gargajiya mataki zuwa mataki
Saboda saukin kerawa, gidan Hadan Dadanovsky yana dauke da zabin gargajiya.
Don ƙirar amya, yana da kyau a yi amfani da kayan ƙasa.
Tsarin gidan kudan zuma ya kunshi:
- Daya ko fiye da gine-gine.
- Shago daya ko biyu.
- Murfin rufin.
- Kasan hive.
- Rufi.
- Roofs.
- Tsarin aiki.
- Masu ciyarwa.
- Allo na shigarda.
Koyarwar gidan kudan zuma tare da zane
Yanzu bari muyi magana game da yadda ake yin ƙawancen-kanka-mataki mataki zuwa mataki. Girman gidan kudan zuma na iya zama daban, amma za mu mai da hankali kan zaɓi ɗaya. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar:
- karba abu (Linden, pine, itacen al'ul, spruce, polystyrene, polyurethane, polystyrene), dole ne a bushe shi;
- boardsauki alluna masu kauri 4 cm, je zuwa ƙera ƙasan da jiki;
- yi rami a cikin allon don haɗa ganuwar jiki;
- yi tube 18 * 4 mm;
- haɗa allunan cikin garkuwa, saboda wannan muna man shafawa ta tsaka-tsakin tare da manne PVA ko ƙusoshin ruwa sannan mu matsa kan juna;
- kana buƙatar yin ganuwar biyar (ɗaya zai zama ƙasa);
- haɗa ganuwar da juna;
- ƙananan jiki sun haɗu;
- fenti amya da acrylics kuma bari bushe;
- kana bukatar ka huda ƙwayoyin.
Ana buƙatar katako mai kauri 15mm don murfi da rufin ƙasa. Tattara ku rufe da kwano don hana shigar ruwa. Fenti. Yi ramuka na iska mai faɗin 1,4 cm a diamita.
Girma:
- baya da garkuwar gaba (cm): faɗi 53, tsawo 32, kaurin 4.
- garkuwar gefe (cm): fadi 48, tsawo 32, kaurin 4.
- ciki (cm): faɗi 45, tsawo 45, kaurin 32.
Domin sanya sassan a cikin jiki, kuna buƙatar yin folds.
Girman 1.1 * 2 cm.
Idan akwai amsoshin kudan zuma mai yawa, to girman zai zama daban: 1 * 1.4 cm.
Zane na 12 firam hive:
Zane na 10 firam hive:
Firam a cikin gida shine 43.5 * 30 cm;
Shagon shagon - 43.5 * 14.5 cm;
Nisa daga ganuwar shari'ar zuwa gefen gefe ita ce 0.07 cm;
Sarari a ƙarƙashin firam - 2.5 cm;
Yanayin gefen madauri - 3.7 cm.
Gidan kudan zuma na katako na 16, 20 da 24: zane da girma
Waɗanne kayan aiki da kayan aiki zaku buƙata?
- Itace, plywood, polystyrene.
- Masu mulki, ko matakan tef.
- Murabba'ai;
- Hacksaws.
- Guduma.
- Rawar soja, rawar soja, dunƙule-kai-dunƙule sukurori.
- Kwanuka.
- Manne.
- Aukar kayan aiki.
- Karatun zanen galvanized don rufin.
- Frames a cikin adadin guda 24.
Girma:
- Frames 30 * 43.5 cm;
- jiki (cm): tsawon 87, faɗi 56.5, tsayinsa 63.5;
- tsayin rufin (cm): a waje 93.5, a ciki 81;
- kauri kasa 3.5 cm;
- ƙananan daraja - 1.2 * 14 cm;
- sanarwa ta sama - diamita 2.5 cm.
Umurni don yin kudan zuma don firam 24
- Yanke sassa daga kayan da aka shirya bisa ga zane.
Daidai ka lura da girman yadda tsarin shaidan kudan zuma da hannunka zai kasance kuma ba tare da manyan ramuka ba.
- Tattara kasa. Haɗa slats biyu da bene tare da ƙasa da ƙusoshi.
- Haɗa ganuwar gefen kuma haɗa zuwa ƙasan. Yi shinge fiye da sanduna 2 cm.
- Yi tsagi don ginshiƙai a bangon gaba da na baya. Girman 1.8 * 1.1 cm.
- Yanke mashigar daga ƙasa.
- Haɗa sakata da allon isowa.
- Yi rufi. Sanya allon tare da kusoshi cikin ƙaya.
- Haɗa sandunan buɗewa zuwa rufin.
- Rufe rufin da kwano.
- Yi iska mai iska 20 * 0.03 cm a gefen bayan rufin.
- A bangon gaba yi rami tare da diamita na 2.5 cm.
- Rufe su da raga.
- Legsafafun kafafu zuwa ƙasa.
- Bayyanawa da fenti.
- Haɗa makullun don sauƙaƙe ɗauka.
Ya kamata a zana shi fari. Kudan zuma sun fi tuna wannan launi. Farin launi yana tunatar da hasken rana.
Yadda ake yin lounger na shaidar 20 da 16 Frames
An kera bisa ga ƙa'ida ɗaya tare da banbanci a cikin girma.
Multi-hull foldless hive: girma da zane.
Tsawon shekaru, wannan hive ba ta rasa shahararsa a amfani ba. Designaƙƙarfan zane yana ba da damar amfani dashi ko'ina. Kuma abu ne mai sauki.
Don gina hive daidai, kuna buƙatar sanin abin da tsarin ya ƙunsa:
- Hoto
- Rufin ko rufi.
- Shagunan.
- Gidaje.
- Kasa.
- Tsaya.
- Tsarin aiki.
- Raba ttarƙwara.
Shari'ar kamar akwati. Girmansa daga ciki (cm): 37.5 faɗi; tsawon 45; tsawo 24.
Ya haɗa da firam 10 - 12 masu auna 43.5 * 23 cm.
Irin waɗannan masu girman sun fi dacewa ga yankuna masu yanayi mai ɗumi, kuma don yanayin Rasha, faɗin ya zama rabin santimita ya fi girma.
Rage girman yana haifar da rashin dacewar aiki tare da firam. Ba za a iya samunsu ba yayin da suke haɓaka da ƙarfi ko kumbura da danshi. Sabili da haka, wasu suna ƙara faɗin jiki zuwa 38 cm.
Don ƙirƙirar lamura, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar allon da aka bushe a hankali. Ya kamata su bushe a cikin shekara guda. Lokacin yankan sassa, allon yakamata ya kasance tare da ƙaramin gefe (3-5 mm). An bar hannun jari don ƙarin dacewar sassan. Don gyara, ana ba da shawarar barin ratar 1 cm.
Yi maɓuɓɓuka a gaba da bayan sassan jiki don saka musu. Girman girman 1.1 da 1.7 cm Wannan zurfin yana ba da damar sanya saman jiki kyauta.
A gefen ganuwar gefen, kana buƙatar haɗa haɗin ko ƙananan raƙuman ruwa.
Ana huda rami mai mm 25 daga ƙarshen amya a ƙarƙashin rufin don samun iska ta gidan.
Kwalaye tare da firam suna da alaƙa haɗuwa da juna. A wannan yanayin, ba a amfani da folds. Irin wannan ingantaccen bayani shine mafi dacewa don aiki da sauƙin gini.
A cikin gidaje tare da amfani da lanƙwasa, yayin jigilar kaya ko motsi, ana yawan sare kudan zuma a cikin ɓangaren ƙasa kuma su ɓuya a cikin raƙuman da aka ninka, kuma daga baya su mutu. Mafi yawanci, mahaifa yakan mutu a cikinsu kuma masu kiwon zuma sun watsar da irin waɗannan amya don fifikon ƙira.
Don aikin rufin, an ɗauka farantin da kaurinsa yakai cm 2. An cire garkuwa daga gare ta, wanda aka rufe shi da zanen zazzaɓi.
Zai fi kyau a sa ƙasa ta zama mai cirewa, ta bangarorin biyu.
- sanduna uku 57 * 6.5 * 3.5 cm - gefe;
- daya 44.5 * 6.5 * 3. cm da aka sanya a baya.
Yi tsagi a cikinsu. Nisa 3.5 da zurfin cm 1. Tattara fasalin U. Abubuwan rami suna nufin shigarwar farantin ƙasa.
Wajibi ne don samar da ƙarancin gaba na 50 mm. Yana aiki a matsayin jirgi mai zuwa.
Hannun rufin (rufi) ƙaƙƙarfan faɗi ne, wanda aka haɗu daga mutu, wanda yakai 52 * 44 cm. A kewayensa akwai katako wanda aka yi da slats. Suna da faɗi cm 3,5 da kaurin cm 1.5. An yi rami a tsakiya. Ana buƙata don samun iska tsakanin gine-gine ko an ɗora feeder a kai.
Ana sanya layin a jiki tare da gefe mai santsi ba tare da baki ba, wanda ke bawa kudan zuma damar yin motsi cikin walwala. Hakanan yana iya zama azaman grid na rarrabawa, a wannan yanayin ana cushe raga akan ramin.
Tsaya.Ana yin sanduna daidai da girman ƙasan. A cikin ɓangaren gaba, an ƙulle farantin faɗi a kusurwa na 45 °. Wannan zai zama kwamitin isowa.
An yanke hutu mai tsawon cm 2,5 * 9 a cikin sandunan gefe.Wannan an tsara su ne don sauƙaƙa lokacin da kuke buƙatar ɗaga amsar ko gyara ta yayin motsi.
Don tsawaita rayuwar sandunan, ku ɗanɗana su da bitumen mai ruwa. Narke shi da mai. Wannan aikin zai sanya bishiyar ta zama mai ruwa.
Girman grid din rarraba.Tsara don keɓance ɗan lokaci na mahaifa. Don raba jikin tsintsiya da na zuma.
Girman grille dole ne yayi daidai da girman akwati na ciki. Ana sanya shi a kan sanduna. Sanya daga raga.
Girma masu girma.Hakanan ana iya yin jigilar jiki da kanti da hannu. Dole ne su dace da zane.
Zane na amya da yawa.
Frames a cikin gidan kudan zuma: girma da kwatancin yadda zaka yi da kanka
Frames muhimmin bangare ne na amya kuma mafi yawan aikin ana yin su da su. Daga amfani da su koyaushe, sun zama marasa amfani kuma suna buƙatar ƙari. Sabili da haka, mai kiwon kudan zuma koyaushe yana da babban wadata. Don adana kuɗi, ya fi kyau sanya su da kanku fiye da siyan koyaushe.
Don yin katako, zamuyi amfani da kayan aikin masu zuwa:
- guduma;
- filaya;
- tare da awl;
- takalma kusoshi;
- tare da ƙyallen bakin bakin waya.
Yi amfani da kayan halitta don masana'antu. Zai fi kyau idan waɗannan allon sun bushe a shekara. Don yin firam, ya kamata ka san waɗancan sassan da ta ƙunsa:
Babban mashaya.
Grooved ko uniform.
Barashin mashaya.
Bayyana, tsagi ko wucewa
Barsungiyoyin gefen
Suna da ramuka don jan waya a karkashin tushe.
Girman faren yana dogara ne da ƙirar hive ɗin ku. Matsakaici masu girma dabam sune:
- nisa daga allon sama da na gefe shine 2.5 cm;
- tsawo na babban toshe shine 2 cm;
- nisa nisa 1.5 - 2.5 cm;
- tsawo 1 cm;
- girman waje ya bambanta da ƙirar hive, amma yawanci 43.5 * 30 cm.
Bayan mun zaɓi kayan kuma mun yanke shawara akan girman, zamu ci gaba zuwa ƙirar kai tsaye zuwa ƙirar firam.
- Yanke cikakkun bayanai daga allon bushe gwargwadon girman zane.
- Haɗa dukkan sassan tare da taimakon kusoshi na taya.
- Yi ramuka huɗu da ramuka biyu a gefen gefen gefen don haɗa waya. Nisa tsakanin ramuka dole ne ya zama daidai.
- Mika waya. Farawa daga saman rami ka fitar da shi da maciji. Tabbatar cewa wayar bata tsallaka ko'ina. Enaurara shi cikin tsaro don kada ƙarfafan ƙarfe masu haɗari su tsinkewa da gangan. A sakamakon haka, ya kamata ku sami layi 4.
A kan ginshiƙan da aka shirya ta wannan hanyar, an kafa tushe.
Yanzu kun san yadda ake yin amya ta kudan zuma da hannuwanku tare da zane. Amfani da zane da girma, zaka iya gina shi da kanka da kanka, don haka adana kasafin ku kuma samar da ƙudan zuma yanayi mai kyau.