Kabeji shahararren kayan lambu ne a kasarmu, don haka kowane mai kula da lambu, ba tare da la’akari da girman makircin ba, yana son shuka cucumber a gonarsa. Amma koda tare da halaye iri ɗaya, amfanin ƙasa ya bambanta ga kowa. Duk sirrin yana cikin kulawa yayin girma cucumbers, ya zama dole ayi shuka bisa ga ƙa'idodi.
Idan kun bi dabarun aikin gona daidai, ku dasa bisa ga shawarar game da amfanin gona da suka gabace ku kuma kula da shi yadda ya kamata, to samun girbi mai kyau ko da daga tsaba ba zai zama da wahala ga mai farawa ba.
Abubuwan buƙatun asali don haɓaka cucumbers a cikin filin buɗewa
Gabaɗaya, ba za a iya kiran kulawa da al'ada da wahala ba, amma saboda yanayin yanayin yanki, akwai nuances da yawa waɗanda kuke buƙatar sani.
Babban abubuwan da ake buƙata don haɓaka cucumbers sun haɗa da:
- don shuka an zaɓi kawai lafiya tsaba, horarwa;
- kasar da za a shuka dole ne ta zama mai sako-sako da ruwan kadan;
- ana aiwatar da dasa shuki da tsaba a lokaci mai tsayayyen lokaci don dacewa da tsarin yanayin zafi;
- lokacin girma 3-4 weeding da loosening ƙasa;
- ana shayar da gadaje a kai a kai tare da ruwan dumi (lita 10-14 akan 1 m2);
- an gabatar da takin mai magani da takin gargajiya bisa tsarin jadawalin, ba za'a iya canza canjin amfani da abinci mai gina jiki;
- ya kamata a samo gadajen a gefen rana, amma ba a cikin wani daftarin aiki ba;
- lokacin dasa shuki, kauce wa kauri;
- sarrafa lokaci akan yanayin shuke-shuke da mataki na danshi na ƙasa;
- idan akwai matsalolin da aka gano, nan take aiwatar da al'adun.
Hanyoyin girma
Akwai 'yan zaɓuɓɓuka don shuke-shuke. Daga cikin sanannun hanyoyin: a waje, a cikin greenhouse, kan baranda, a cikin ganga, da dai sauransu.
Lokacin da ake noman kayan lambu a buɗaɗɗun gadaje, ana amfani da hanyar shuka da dasa shuki.
Yadda ake shuka tsaba a gonar
Wajibi ne a shuka iri a wasu alamomin zafin jiki, in ba haka ba ƙwayoyi ba za su bayyana ba. Abu mai mahimmanci shine ƙasa da iri iri... Ingancin aikin da aka yi ya dogara ba kawai ga yadda za su iya tsiro ba, har ma da ƙarfin ci gaban shuka.
Bayan samuwar ganyayyaki 3-4, gado mai yawa yakan zama sirara, yana barin ƙwayoyi masu ƙarfi. A matakin tsire-tsire da ci gaban harbe-harbe, yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar isasshen danshi, haske mai kyau da hadi tare da kowane kayan abincitaimaka wa shuka ta girma.
Tsaba
Ana amfani da hanyar shuka don samun farkon girbi kuma don kare matasa harbe daga lokacin sanyi. Ana canza shuke-shuken da ke girma a cikin greenhouses ko a gida zuwa gonar lokacin da suka riga sun yi ƙarfi. Tsarin tushen su, kodayake yana da rauni, ya sami tushe da sauri a cikin sabon yanayin.
Yana da mahimmanci kada a lalata tushen tushe yayin canja wurin seedlings zuwa rami.
Kafin dasa shuki sprouts a bude ƙasa dole ne a daidaita shi akan titi, sauyin canjin wurin zama da yanayin zafin jiki na iya lalata su.
Za a iya sanya lashes a cikin shimfidawa da kuma kan trellis. Dogaro da hanyar da aka zaɓa, dole ne a kiyaye tazara tsakanin daji da layuka. Idan babu garta, yakamata a sami isasshen wuri don masu tushe su yaɗu a gonar.
A ina ya fi kyau shuka cucumber don samun girbi mai kyau
Al'adar 'yar asalin Indiya ce, don haka yanayi mai zafi, mai danshi ya dace da ita. Yadda tsarin bulalar yake nunawa da bukatar garters a kan trellises.
An kiyaye gadon gonar da aka tsara ta wannan hanyar daga kamuwa da fungal tare da yalwar ruwan sama da kuma daga fitowar rana. 'Ya'yan itacen suna samun inuwa a ƙarƙashin manyan ganyen shukar. Koyaya, yana da daraja tunawa cewa rana mai zafi kuma tana da haɗari ga cucumbers, ƙonawa na iya bayyana akan koren ciyawar.
Bai wa yanayin yanayi, ya zama dole a samar m shading na bushes ko inuwa m. Wannan yana da sauƙin yi ta hanyar dasa shukar masara, sunflower ko inabi mai ƙarancin ruwa a yankin hanya. Hasken da ya yadu zai zama mai amfani ga shukar.
Tare da duk kauna don danshi, bai kamata ka zabi wani shafi a cikin tsaunuka don shuka cucumbers ba. Tare da ruwan sama mai karfi da kuma babban matakin ruwan karkashin kasa, ana yi wa tsirrai barazanar kamuwa da cututtukan fungal saboda kwararar ruwa. Mafi kyau wuri ne a kan tsauni inda yafi sauƙin sarrafa matakin ƙanshin ƙasa.
Shirya ƙasar don shuka
Zai fi kyau a shirya wuri don lambun kokwamba a gaba don ban da abubuwan ban mamaki.
A ƙarshen kakar daga shafin duk ragowar tsire-tsire da tarkace an cire su... Don larvae na kwari da sauran ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, suna da babbar sha'awa. A cikin irin wannan yanayin, ƙwayoyin parasites suna hibernate kuma a lokacin bazara sun riga sun sake mamaye yankuna tare da sabon ƙarni.
Don kawar da wannan yiwuwar, an ba da shawarar ban da tsaftacewa Tabbatar tono ƙasa (zurfin zurfin zurfin aƙalla 25 cm). Zai fi kyau ayi wannan gab da sanyi, don hana ƙwayoyin cuta gano sabon mafaka. Hakanan, aikin kaka ya hada da gabatar da takin zamani don kara yawan kasar. Ana iya haɗa wannan aikin tare da digging.
A yankin bazara sake hakowa kuma lallai ne kwayar cutar ta kashe... Don yin wannan, yi amfani da rauni mai ƙarfi na potassium permanganate ko ruwan zãfi.
Kokwamba suna ba da amsa sosai ga irin wannan taki, kamar su taki... Ana iya gabatar dashi duka a lokacin kaka da bazara makonni 2-3 kafin sauka (8-10 kg ta 1 m2). Don motsa ci gaban matasa harbe, nitrogen da potassium-phosphorus abubuwa (25 g na gishiri na potassium, 40 g na superphosphate) an gabatar da su cikin ƙasa.
A yayin shirya kasa don sabon yanayi, don hana ta, ya zama dole a kula da gadon nan gaba tare da tokar itace ko shirye-shirye na musamman waɗanda ke kare ciyawar daga kwari (Fitoverm, Aktellik).
Yadda ake shuka a cikin ƙasa
Shuka ciyawa tare da tsaba na buƙatar bin ƙa'idodi masu zuwa:
- an zaɓi lokacin shuka don la'akari da yanayin yanayin zafin jiki mai kyau (ƙarshen Mayu - farkon Yuni);
- dole ne a sarrafa iri kafin a shuka;
- ya kamata kasar ta kasance cikin rigakafin cutar kuma ta hadu;
- gadajen sun fi dacewa daga gabas zuwa yamma;
- Tsarin sauka - 20x100 ko 60x80 (ya danganta da hanyar noman);
- zurfin nutsewar tsaba shine 2-3 cm.
Dokokin girma shuke-shuke:
- dole ne zuriya su sami shiri (rarrabewa, jiƙa, maganin kashe ƙwaro);
- Ana kuma buƙatar ƙasa disinfect da wadatar da abubuwan gina jiki;
- ya dace da shuka shukokin don amfani da wani yanki na ƙasar sod, mullein da humus (2: 1: 7);
- don takin kasar, an gabatar da abubuwa (30 g na ammonium nitrate ko urea, 20 g na superphosphate, 6 g na gishirin potassium, 30 g na lemun tsami da guga na ƙasa);
- tsarin zafin jiki bayan shuka - digiri na 12-15; bayan da tsire-tsire suka sami lokacin hawa, da farko na kwanaki da yawa, ana lura da digiri 20-25, sannan zazzabi ya ragu - da rana zuwa digiri 20-22, da dare zuwa digiri 15;
- Kwanaki 10 bayan fitowar tsire-tsire, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da slurry (1: 1) tare da ƙari na 20 g na superphosphate a cikin guga na cakuda;
- mako guda kafin canja wurin harbe don buɗe ƙasa, ciyarwa kowace rana waje taurare;
- don maganin riga-kafi, ana magance bishiyoyi da epin ko immunocytophyte.
Gyara tsaba
Dokokin kula da gadon kokwamba sun bayyana a sarari. Daga cikin mahimman yanayi - samar da yanayi mai danshi... An tsara wannan ta hanyar shayarwa.
Mafi dacewa don kula da shuka yayyafawa ko diga ban ruwa... Amfani da tiyo na iya lalata tushen da ke da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Areaananan yanki na iya zubar da kwalba mai fesawa. Tsarin ruwa ta 1 m2 shine lita 10-14.
Tsarin yau da kullun - 1 lokaci a cikin kwanaki 7 tare da matsakaicin yanayin zafi, 1 lokaci a cikin kwanaki 5 a yanayin zafi sama da digiri 28.
Don shayar da gadaje, ana amfani da ruwa mai dumi ne kawai. Yin amfani da ruwan sanyi mara tasirin tasirin tsire-tsire.
Ofarfin ci gaba da samuwar babban lash yana buƙatar abinci mai yawa, saboda haka ba shi yiwuwa a yi watsi da tsarin ciyarwar. Bayan harbe-harben farko sun bayyana a saman kasar, farko ciyarwa: 10 g na gishirin potassium, 10 g na ammonium nitrate, 30 g na superphosphate ana shan lita 10 na ruwa.
Abinci na biyu gadon lambu ya wadata bayan makonni 2, yana ninka yawan narkar da takin mai magani. Lokacin amfani da takin mai magani, ya kamata a guji tuntuɓar aikin aiki da koren ɓangaren amfanin gona.
Don kare kokwamba daga lalacewa da kwari, ana bada shawarar yin lokaci-lokaci weeds... Wannan hanya yawanci ana haɗa ta tare da sassautawa, wanda ke ba da damar isashshen oxygen zuwa ƙasa kuma yana hana samuwar danshi mai danshi a cikin ƙasa. Ana yin ciyawar farko bayan samuwar ganye 4-5 akan harbe-harbe.
Yanayin bazara ba shi da tabbas, don haka bayan shuka gonar an rufe shi da tsare ko agrofiber.
Dole ne a cire fim ɗin da rana, kuma a sake maimaita masaukin a cikin dare. Saboda haka marigayi frosts ba zai haifar da mutuwar seedlings.
Dangane da bayanin da aka bayar, zamu iya yanke hukunci cewa ba abu mai wahala ba ne don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau don girma cucumbers. Rigakafin lokaci zai hana lalacewar shuka ta hanyar kwari da cututtuka daban-daban. Kuma godiya ga ƙarin abinci da ban ruwa, za a ba wa cucumbers babban ɗanɗano.