Cherry mai dadi al'adu ne mai ban sha'awa, kuma har kwanan nan ya zama kamar ba shi yiwuwa a shuka shi a tsakiyar Rasha. Amma iri-iri na Fatezh an banbanta su da karuwar sanyi da juriya fari.
Bayanin nau'in ceri Fatezh
Chertani irin Fatezh an haife su a 2001 ta mai kiwo A.I. Evstratov kan tushen Cibiyar Nazarin Rasha da Fasaha ta Noma da Nursery. An yi amfani da pollination na kyauta na launin rawaya Leningrad a matsayin hanyar kiwo.
An rarraba wannan nau'ikan don yankin tsakiya, cikakke ga yankin Moscow. Jirin sanyi na cherries ya ba shi damar tsira da sauyin yanayi na tsakiyar Rasha, amma Fatezh ba zai iya jure tsananin sanyi na Siberia ba. Wayoyin bishiyar suna da ƙarancin yanayin sanyi.
Bishiyoyin sun kai tsayin mita 3-5. Kambi mai zagaye ne, zagaye ne, yana yaɗuwa, rassan suna girma ko dai a kusurwar dama ko kuma an juya zuwa ƙasa. Harbe-harbe suna madaidaiciya, masu kauri, launin ruwan kasa ne.
Ganyayyaki suna da girma a girma, an bambanta su da sifa, mai tsayi. A gefuna, an tsara ganye tare da ingantaccen magani. Farfalon santsi ne, mai sheki, koren duhu.
Fatezh ceri furanni farare ne. Ana yin kwayayen da ke da siffa irin ta zuciya a kan harbe-harbe na shekara-shekara da kuma rassan furanni.
Wannan nau'ikan ya kasance na matsakaici da wuri, ana iya samun girbi na farko tun shekaru 4-5 na rayuwar itaciya. 'Ya'yan itãcen sun isa balaga a tsakiyar watan Yuli. Daga itacen saurayi, wanda shekarunsa bai wuce shekaru 10 ba, har zuwa kilogiram 30 na 'ya'yan itace aka samu, to wannan adadi ya ƙaru zuwa kilogram 50.
Fatezh ba shi da 'ya'ya, don haka, don bishiyar ta fara ba da' ya'ya, ya zama dole a kula da aikinta. Gardenwararrun lambu sun ba da shawarar dasa wasu nau'in cherries a kusa, misali, Iput, Crimean, Raditsa, da dai sauransu.
Halayen 'ya'yan itace
'Ya'yan itacen Fatezh ceri suna da siffar zagaye, ba babba ba, a matsakaita, nauyinsu ya bambanta daga gram 4 zuwa 6. Fata mai santsi ne, mai haske, ja-launi mai launi. Naman irin waɗannan 'ya'yan itace mai yawa ne, mai laushi, launin ruwan hoda mai haske. Dutse yana da sauƙin rabuwa da ɓangaren litattafan almara, yana da siffar m da kuma inuwa mai haske.
Aunar 'ya'yan itacen yana da daɗi da tsami. Sakamakon dandano shine maki 4.5-4.7. Fatezh berries ana rarrabe su ta hanyar rayuwa mai tsayi da jigilar kayayyaki mai kyau. Hakanan, yayin maganin zafi, fatar ‘ya’yan itacen ba ya fasawa.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani
- Itacen yana girma da sauri kuma yana fara bada amfanin gona tun farkon shekara ta 4 zuwa 5 na rayuwa;
- A cikin girma, Fatezh ceri na iya bayarwa har zuwa kilogiram 50 na girbi:
- Resistanceara ƙarfin sanyi:
- Yin rigakafi ga cututtukan fungal;
- Irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna haƙuri jigilar kayayyaki da kyau, ana iya adana su na dogon lokaci, ƙari, suna da kyakkyawar ɗanɗano.
- Itace mai-kai-tsaye kuma tana buƙatar pollinator don hayayyafa amfanin gona;
- Yanayin saurin gudan jini.
Shuka shuka da barin ta
Kafin dasa shuki a cikin rukunin yanar gizonku, kuna buƙatar zaɓar tsire-tsire masu dacewa. Domin itacen ya sami tushe da sauri a cikin sabon wuri, ya kamata ku bi waɗannan shawarwarin masu zuwa:
- Zai fi kyau a sayi tsire-tsire daga wuraren nurseries.wanda yake a yankin da ake shirin noman. In ba haka ba, tsire-tsire dole ne ta hanyar aikin haɓakawa.
- Babban mai nuna lafiyar mai shuka shine mai karfi, mai tushen reshen tushen. Yanke dole ne ya kasance da launi mai launi mai haske;
- Kambi na seedling ya kamata ya ƙunshi rassa 3-4, tsawon santimita 40;
- Saɓawa yana da shekaru 1-2 yana iya samun nasarar samun tushe.
Idan an siyo seedling tare da buɗaɗɗen tushen tushen, dasa shi zai yi nasara ne kawai a cikin bazara. Ana iya dasa shuke-shuke da aka rufe a damina da damina.
Zaɓin wurin da ya dace ya sauka shine mabuɗin samun nasarar sauka.
- Cherry Fatezh yana buƙatar haske mai kyau da kariya daga iska mai iska. Zai fi kyau a zaɓi ɓangaren kudu ko kudu maso yamma na shafin.
- Hakanan, wannan nau'ikan yana girma sosai a cikin tsaunuka, amma ba a cikin tsaunuka ba. Kuna iya ɗaga matakin ƙasa da kanku ta hanyar yayyafa wani layin ƙasa da santimita 50.
- Don kauce wa danshi mai danshi, ana bada shawara a zabi wurare masu zurfin ruwan karkashin kasa.
Cherry mai zaki yafi son yashi mai yashi ko ƙasa mai matsakaici, saboda suna da kyakkyawan yanayin danshi. Fatezh yayi girma mafi munin duka a cikin yankuna masu yashi, peat ko ƙasa yumbu.
An shirya ramin dasa shuki don cherries tun kaka, don ƙasa ta iya yin amfani da shi yayin hunturu. An ciro ramuka a nisan mitoci 3 da juna, faɗin su yakai santimita 80, kuma zurfin ya kai 50-60. Daga nan sai kasa ta kwance kuma bokiti 2 na humus hade da na sama, ana zuba kasa mai ni'ima a wurin.
Kafin dasa shuki a cikin ramin, ƙara:
- 1 kilogram na ash;
- 400 grams na superphosphate;
- 100 grams na sodium sulfate.
Don sanya itaciyar dadi da bayar da kyakkyawan girbi, ƙara bokiti biyu na yumbu zuwa ƙasar da ke yashi, da kuma guga biyu na yashi a cikin ƙasar laka. Zuba ruwan ƙasa a saman.
Lokacin dasa shuki cherries, lambu yawanci suna bin waɗannan algorithm na ayyuka:
- Da farko dai, an sanya fegi, wanda zai zama tallafi ga dashe.
- A tsakiyar ramin, kana buƙatar gina tuddai da sanya tsaba a kanta, a hankali yada asalinsu.
- Sannan itacen yana ɗaure da wani tallafi kuma an rufe shi da kyau a ƙasa, a hankali yana saran shi. Ya kamata abin ɗamarar tushen ya zama santimita 3-5 sama da matakin ƙasa.
- A mataki na karshe, an gina abin nadi daga ƙasa kuma ana shayar da cherries da yawa, to, ƙasa tana bushe da peat ko humus.
Yanayin girma
- Shayar cherries sau 3 a kowace kakar, Ana shan lita 30-40 na ruwa don bishiyar matashiya, kuma lita 50-60 na babban mutum.
Kafin kowane ruwan sha, yana da mahimmanci a sassauta da'irar kusa da akwatin don danshi ya iya shiga tushen da sauri.
- Yankan
- Cherry Fatezh an rarrabe shi ta hanyar ci gaba da harbe-harbe, kuma don hana kambin ya zama mai kauri sosai, dole ne a yanke shi kowace shekara. Ana aiwatar da wannan aikin a lokacin bazara, kafin burodin su fara kumbura akan bishiyar. Ana yanke rassan shekara-shekara ta kashi 1/5.
- Bayan bishiyar ta kai shekaru 5, lokacin girma zai tsaya, kuma yayin samuwar kambi zai zama dole a cire rassa masu girma a cikin rawanin ko kuma yin kaurin harbi ba dole ba.
- A lokacin bazara, ya zama dole don aiwatar da datti, a lokacin da za a cire duk cuta, bushe ko rassan da suka lalace.
Duk yanke dole ne a sarrafa shi da lambun lambun.
- Cherry Fatezh, kamar sauran bishiyoyi, yana buƙatar ciyarwa mai dacewa da dacewa.
Duk takin mai magani ya kamata a yi amfani da shi tare da diamita na kambi, amma ba a ƙarƙashin akwati kanta ba, saboda tushen-tushe ba ya shan abubuwan gina jiki.
- Kafin ɓullowa a ƙarƙashin itacen, kuna buƙatar ƙara tablespoons 2 na carbamide, potassium sulfate da hadaddun ma'adinai "Agricole", tsarma cikin lita 20 na ruwa.
- Bayan furanni, cherries suna buƙatar ƙarfi don girbe girbin. An shayar da'irar akwatin da lita 30 na ruwa tare da cokali 6 na takin mai ma'adinai da gilashin 6 na takin gargajiya.
- Bayan girbi, gram 200 na superphosphate, gram 100 na takin mai ma'adinai da gram 100 na potassium sulfate an zuba a ƙarƙashin kowace bishiya, sannan ana shayar da cherries sosai.
- Yayin bayyanar furer fure, ana fesa kambi da mai kara kuzari.
Ba za ku iya takin cherries tare da taki ba, saboda zai iya haifar da daskarewa daga asalinsu a cikin hunturu.
- Hakanan Fatezh yana buƙatar sare ciyawa da sassauta ƙasa.
Cherry yaduwa
Haɓaka mai inganci na cherries, ma'ana, tare da adana duk halaye na nau'ikan da ake so, mai yiwuwa ne kawai ta hanyar dasawa. Lokacin da bishiyar ta girma daga ƙwaya, ba zata gaji halayen bishiyar iyayen ba.
Mafi sau da yawa, ana sanya cherries akan cherries, amma a wannan yanayin, tushen tushe, wato, itacen da aka yi dasawa a kan shi, dole ne ya zama mai karko da tauri. Hakanan zaka iya dasa kan cherries, wannan hanyar ta shahara sosai tsakanin masu aikin lambu, domin a mafi yawan lokuta yakan ƙare da nasara, haka ma, ya zama mai yiwuwa a girbi amfanin gona daban daban daga itaciya ɗaya.
Cherry grafting za a iya yi daga farkon Maris zuwa tsakiyar Satumba. Lokacin aiwatar da aikin, kuna buƙatar ƙididdige lokacin don alurar riga kafi ta sami lokacin da za ta sami tushe kafin farkon lokacin sanyi... Mafi kyawun lokaci ana ɗaukar lokacin bazara, lokacin da ya kwararar ruwan itace mai aiki a cikin hannun jari.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na dutsen cherries, amma grafting ta hanyar copulation (cuttings) yana ba da kyakkyawan sakamako.
Don aiwatar da dasasshen bazara, ya zama dole a shirya yankan a gaba, yawanci ana yanka su ne a ƙarshen kaka, bayan duk ganyen ya faɗi. A lokacin rani da Satumba, ana sanya cherries tare da yankakken yankan, faɗin su ya zama milimita 5-7, kuma tsawon ya zama santimita 10-15.
Don aiwatar da dasawa ta hanyar jujjuyawa, ya zama dole saiwarwar da scion suna da kauri daya. Yankan da ba su wuce shekaru 2 ba suna da kyau sosai.
- A kan harbe-harben da aka shirya, an yi yanka da kaifi da wuka mai kaifi, tsawon santimita 3.
- A tsakiyar waɗannan yankan, ana yin harsuna (ɓoye), wanda zai ba da damar yankan su haɗu sosai.
- An nade kayan da aka ɗora da dasawa tare da tef na lantarki, tef, filastik ko wasu abubuwa makamantan su.
- Sannan sai a sanya jakar filastik a kan durken da aka daka sannan a daure ta kasa da wurin dasa shi. Itacen ya kamata ya kasance cikin wannan halin na sati 2. A wannan lokacin, allurar rigakafin ya kamata ta sami tushe kuma za a iya cire duk wasu kayan taimako.
Fasali na wannan iri-iri
- Babban fasalin fasalin zai zama launi na Fatezh ceri berries; ya bambanta ƙwarai da sauran shahararrun irin waɗannan bishiyoyi. Madadin na yau da kullun burgundy ko kalar purple, 'ya'yan itacen suna da launin ja mai haske tare da raƙuman rawaya.
- Fatezh kuma ya bambanta a cikin rawaninta, wanda ke da sifa mai faɗi, kuma rassan suna girma zuwa ƙasa. Wannan tsarin ba shi da kyau ga bishiyoyin ceri.
- Girman itacen yakan fi tsayawa kusan mita 3, yayin da wasu nau'ikan, a matsakaita, suna girma zuwa mita 4.5-5.
- Amfanin iri-iri ya kasance a matakin qarshe, itacen baligi zai iya ɗaukar kiloa fruita kilogram 50.
Cututtuka da kwari
Ateananan nau'in Fatezh an bambanta da kyakkyawan juriya ga kwari da cututtuka da yawa, musamman ga moniliosis da coccomycosis. Amma irin wadannan bishiyoyin suna da saukin kwararar danko.
Gum abu ne mai kauri, mai ɗaci, mai launin ambar wanda aka saki daga baƙin itaciya. Akwai dalilai da yawa don bayyanarsa:
- Rauni da rauni a kan bishiyar;
- Ba a datsa rassan reshe ba;
- Sanyi;
- Kwari;
- Yawan danshi;
- Cututtukan fungal;
- Yawan takin nitrogen ko phytohormones.
A matsayin matakin rigakafi, kuna buƙatar adana tsohuwar haushi akan bishiyar, saboda ita ce ke aiki azaman kariyar abin dogara. Hakanan ana ba da shawarar aiwatar da wankan bazara da kaka na akwati, zai taimaka don kauce wa kunar rana a jiki. Kuma don kare cherries daga sanyi na hunturu da bayyanar fashe, fashewar kasusuwa da katako tare da takarda ko matting zai taimaka.
Idan cutar ta bayyana, ana tsabtace rauni da wuka har sai wani yanki mai lafiya ya bayyana, to wannan maganin ana kashe shi da maganin jan ƙarfe na jan ƙarfe kuma ana amfani da siririn siririn na nigrol putty da hannu mai tsabta.
Mataki mafi mahimmanci a yaki da wata cuta shi ne kawar da dalilan faruwarsa.
Fatezh baiwar Allah ce ga mai kula da lambu wanda yake son shuka cherries a tsakiyar Rasha. An bambanta wannan iri-iri ta hanyar kyakkyawan juriya da rashin fahimta ga yanayin. Bugu da kari, 'ya'yan itacen ta suna da kyau kwarai a dandano kuma suna da kyau ga ayyukan kasuwanci.