Mulching strawberries wata fasahar noma ce wacce ke sauƙaƙa wa mai lambu da kuma hana cututtukan amfanin gona. Kyakkyawan ilimin fasaha da lokacin kwanciya ciyawa, halayen kayan aiki zai taimaka don magance matsaloli da yawa na kula da tsire-tsire da haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa. A cikin wannan labarin, zamuyi magana game da yadda ake cinya strawberries, yadda zaku yayyafa gadaje kuma me yasa kuke buƙatarsa.
Menene mulching?
Cigaba da cigaba da 'ya'yan itace shuke-shuke bashi yiwuwa ba tare da tsarin kasa na yau da kullun ba. Matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin wannan ana yin ta ta fuskar ƙasa. Shi ne wanda aka fallasa shi ga abubuwa masu illa. Ruwan sama yana share ma'adinai, iska da canjin yanayi yana haifar da yankewa da daskarewa.
Waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba su da kyau don ayyukan ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙasa, waɗanda ke da mahimmin haɗi a cikin samuwar humus. Suna motsawa cikin zurfin zurfin, kuma ƙasa ta rasa haɓakarta.
Mulching - yana rufe saman ƙasa ƙarƙashin tsire-tsire tare da kayan ƙwayoyi da kayan abinci. Wannan yana kiyaye ta daga duk wasu abubuwa masu illa. Yana ƙaruwa da hayayyafar halittu masu rai, tsutsotsi na duniya da kwari masu fa'ida, waɗanda tare da acid masu ƙira ke samar da kyakkyawan layin.
Ciyawar tana toshe hasken rana, wanda ke wahalar da ciyawar. Abunda yafi yawa a kayan kuma mafi girman lallen ciyawa, mafi ingancin kariya daga ciyawa. Kadarorin thermoregulatory na ciyawa na kare tushen shuka daga daskarewa, zafi fiye da kima da sanyi.
A Layer na ciyawa rage evaporation na danshi daga ƙasa, wanda ya rage bukatar shayar. Yana rikitar da shigar ƙwayoyin cuta da fungal spores zuwa tushen strawberries, rage abin da ya faru na marigayi Blight na tushen, rhizoctonia, verticillosis. Cikakke berries ba su zo cikin lamba tare da kasar gona, da yawan rotting ne kusan cire.
A yayin aiwatar da bazuwar, ciyawar ciyawar tana samar da dukkan abubuwan gina jiki da ake bukata don strawberries. Sannu a hankali suna shiga cikin ƙasar a duk lokacin girma, suna riƙe musayar ma'adinai tsakanin tushen da ɓangaren da ke sama na strawberry.
Kafin zaɓar abu don ciyawa, kana buƙatar yanke shawara kan dalilin taron. Dogaro da kayan da aka zaɓa, ciyawa na iya zama tushen abinci mai gina jiki don strawberries, kariya daga cututtuka, ko ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau a cikin ƙasa.
Sharuddan mulching strawberries
Theasar da ke ƙarƙashin tsire-tsire kada ta kasance ƙarƙashin babban laushi na ciyawa duk shekara. Tana buƙatar dumi a bazara. In ba haka ba, lokacin noman shuki zai yi jinkiri sosai. Strawberries ana mulched kawai bayan bayyanar flower ovaries.
Hakanan za'a iya yin mulching a lokacin bazara. Ba tare da la'akari da lokacin ba, dole ne a shirya ƙasa da tsire-tsire kafin a ɗora kayan:
- sassauta kasar gona;
- cire ciyawa, ganye mara lafiya, yawan gashin baki;
- ruwa mai yawa;
- yi ciyarwar yanayi.
Kalmar don hunturu strawberry mulching shine karshen watan Satumba, lokacin da shuka ke shirin dormancy. A wannan lokacin, ana amfani da ciyawa azaman zafin jiki. Wannan kariya ce daga tsananin daskarewa na kasar gona a cikin hunturu mara kankara, lalacewar asalinsu a lokacin dusar.
Bai isa ya sa ciyawa ba; a lokacin bazara kana buƙatar lura da yanayinta. Abubuwan da ke tattare da kwayoyin halitta na buƙatar zama masu tayar da hankali a kai a kai da kuma maye gurbin wuraren da suka ruɓe. Kada kayan suyi daidai da gindin bishiyoyin, dole ne a sami rata na 1-2 cm don juyawar asalinsu.
Zaɓin kayan aiki da dokoki don mulching
Wannan bita yana gabatar da kayan da ke da cikakkun halayen halaye na shuke-shuken strawberries. Bayan kimanta fa'idodi da rashin amfaninsu, zaku iya zaɓar ciyawa mafi kyau don yanayin mutum da dalilai.
Bambaro
Bambaro shine sanannen shugaban duk kayan da suka dace da strawberries. Ana amfani da kayan bushe kawai don mulching.
Ciyawar tana dauke da zare wanda yake da wuyar lalacewa, wanda yake kiyaye shi daga saurin lalacewa. A dalilin wannan dalili, tushen abinci ne mara kyau, ban da haka, yana jan nitrogen daga ƙasa. Don rama asarar ma'adinai da samar da dazuzzuka tare da abinci, an hada bambaro da takin gargajiya ko rubabben taki.
Bambaro yana jan beraye a matsayin mafaka kuma iska ta kaka ta warwatsa shi. Sabili da haka, yayin aikin kaka, ana tattara shi kuma a zubar dashi, kuma a cikin hunturu, ana gudanar da mulching tare da kayan da suka dace.
Layer mafi kyau mafi kyau don ƙasa mai laushi shine 15-20 cm. A cikin fewan kwanaki kaɗan zai daidaita zuwa 5-7 cm.A kan ƙasa mai laka mai nauyi, ana amfani da bambaro da aka yanka, an shimfiɗa shi a cikin layin da bai wuce 3-5 cm ba, yana sabunta saman kowane bayan kwanaki 15.
Yadda za a ciyawa strawberries tare da allurai?
Amfanin allurai shine babban abun cikin phytoncides da ƙwayoyin cuta. Yana da kariya mai karfi daga cututtuka da kwari. Abubuwan da ke ƙunshe cikin kayan coniferous suna inganta dandano na strawberries.
Tannins na needles a hankali acidify kasar gona. Sabili da haka, ana amfani dashi a cikin ƙasa mai ƙarancin acid ko lemun tsami (50 g / 1 m2) ana sakawa kafin a sa ciyawa.
A cikin yankuna tare da lokacin bazara mai zafi, ya kamata a yi la`akari da shi: allurai cikin rauni suna kare ƙasa daga zafin rana. Alluran sun kwanta a ƙasa a cikin wani sako mai sassauci wanda ciyayi ke tsirowa cikin sauƙi. An tabbatar da shi a aikace: don kare kan ciyawa, kuna buƙatar shimfiɗa 30 cm. Yana da wahala kuma bashi da amfani.
An yi amfani da allurar Pine a yanayi da ɗan rawaya mai ƙaiƙayi. An shimfiɗa su a cikin layin na cm 3-5. A cikin bazara, tsohuwar ciyawa ana sabuntawa ko saka a cikin ƙasa yayin weeds.
Hay, sabo ciyawa da takin kore
Shin yana yiwuwa ko a'a don rufe Berry da ciyawa ko ciyawar sabo? Wadannan botanicals suna dauke da fiber mai saurin lalacewa kuma suna samar da wadataccen abinci na strawberries. Amma kawai ga ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Rushewar sauri yana haifar da raguwar siraran bakin ciki na ciyawa da ruɓewar ƙananan layuka na babba. Lokacin lalacewa, sharar tsire-tsire ta zama dalilin cutar da strawberries tare da kayayyakin lalata.
Hay ne dace da wucin gadi ciyar da strawberries. Don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau a cikin ƙasa, dole ne a shimfida su da layin 7-10 cm kuma a maye gurbinsu da sabon ciyawa kowane kwana 15. Yana da matukar wahala.Kafin kwanciya, ciyawar da ta sare ta bushe, an cire tsire-tsire masu yalwar iri. Launin mafi kyau shine 3-5 cm.
Haushi
Don mulching strawberries, yi amfani da bawon Pine ko larch na ƙarami ko matsakaici sulusi da murabba'i. Sun ƙunshi tannins kaɗan, don haka ba za a sami acidification na ƙasa ba. Shine abu mafi ɗorewa na ciyawa kuma ya dace da mulching na hunturu. Zai ɗauki tsawon shekaru 5.
Haushi yana kiyaye ƙasa da kyau daga zafin rana da daskarewa, yana ba da kyan gani ga gonar, amma yana riƙe da danshi da yafi muni. Kuna buƙatar ƙarin shayarwa akai-akai. Layer da ake buƙata na ciyawa ita ce 5-7 cm.
Sawdust
Sawdust ya bazu a hankali, saboda haka bai kamata ku dauke su a matsayin tushen abinci ba. Saboda wannan dalili, zafin bishiyar na iya kaiwa shekaru 3. Matsakaicin yanayin irin wannan ciyawar yana rikitar da motsin slugs da katantanwa, ƙalilan ne daga cikinsu.
Sawdust yana ɗaukar danshi da ƙarfi, har sai wannan ya faru, ba za a sami kwararar ruwa zuwa asalin shukar ba. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a ƙara yawan shayarwa, amma buƙatar wannan da wuya ya taso.
Don mulching, ana shimfidawa sabon takarda a saman ƙasa, ana ɗora bishiyar a saman tare da murfi na cm 5. Itacen dutsen ya dace don amfani a lokacin rani da damuna.
Yadda ake amfani da kwali daidai?
Ana iya amfani da kwali don daidaita yanayin mafi kyau a ƙasa. Don yin wannan, a lokacin bazara, manyan katako na kwali sun lulluɓe tsakanin dazuzzuka, suna barin ramuka kawai a cikin daji. An gyara gefuna da haɗin kwali tare da abubuwa masu nauyi.
Ana aiwatar da shayarwa da ciyarwa ta cikin ramuka. Don ciyar da strawberries a lokacin bazara, za a iya shimfiɗa takin takin gargajiya na 3-5 cm ƙarƙashin kwali.
Spandbond kamar ciyawa
Wannan kayan aikin geosyntheticsamar ta amfani da fasaha ta musamman. Ba ya watsa haske, yana kula da yanayin zafi da danshi a cikin ƙasa. Ana iya aiwatar da ruwa da takin zamani ta hanyar spandbond.
Sanannun kamfanoni:
- Agrin (Yukren);
- Agrotex (Rasha);
- Lutrasil (Jamus);
- Agil (Faransa);
- Shuka-Protex (Poland).
Don mulching strawberries, zaɓi abu mai baƙar fata tare da nauyin 60 g / m2.
Kafin dasa shuki na strawberry, ana baza shi a saman gadaje kuma ana yin yanka a wuraren ramuka na gaba. Ana kiyaye gefunan spandbond da gashin gashi ko abubuwa masu nauyi. Don shuke shuke-shuke da aka riga aka dasa, agrotextiles suna yaduwa tsakanin layuka, suna rufe saman ƙasa kusa da daji kamar yadda ya yiwu.
Ana iya amfani da Spandbond a duk shekara. Yana da tsayayya ga ƙwayoyin cuta masu lalacewa, damuwa na inji da ƙarancin yanayin zafi. Rayuwa sabis shekaru 3.
Yadda za a ciyawa Berry tare da fim?
Don mulching strawberries, yi amfani da fim ɗin baki tare da kaurin 30 microns. Rayuwar sabis na fim har zuwa shekaru 3. Za a iya amfani da kayan sirara don kaka ɗaya. Don yankuna masu zafi, masana'antun suna ba da fina-finai tare da farfajiyar fari da baƙar fata. Yana lokaci daya yana nuna hasken rana kuma yana riƙe danshi.
Fasahar kwanciya ciyawa daga fim tana kama da spunbond. Ruwa kawai a cikin wannan yanayin an shirya microdroplet a ƙarƙashin fim ɗin ko kuma ana shayar da shi ta gida ta cikin ramuka.
Cakuda kayan ciyawa daban-daban na iya zama babbar fa'ida ga strawberries. Don yin wannan, zaka iya hada ragowar tsire-tsire masu bushewa, haushi da sawdust tare da sassan kore na ganye, takin ko rubabben taki. Wannan ciyawar duka suna haifar da kyakkyawan yanayi kuma suna ciyar da tsire-tsire.
Fa'idodi da cutarwar mulching a bazara ko kaka
Mulching strawberries yana haifar da muhawara mai zafi tsakanin masu lambu, yayin da mutum zai iya jin ra'ayoyin da aka tsayayya. Akwai ikirarin yawan amfanin ƙasa mai ban mamaki bayan aikace-aikacen ciyawa da kuma mummunan tasirinsa akan strawberries. Kimanta fa'idodi da rashin amfani zai taimaka muku fahimtar mulching.
Fa'idodi
Dogaro da kayan da aka yi amfani da su, mulching na iya taimakawa da yawa daga ayyukan mai lambu.
Yana:
- rigakafin ƙarancin ƙasa a lokacin rani da sanyi a cikin hunturu;
- kiyaye danshi a cikin ƙasa;
- rage yawan ciyawa;
- kariya daga ƙwayoyin cuta masu shiga cikin ƙasa;
- rigakafin zaizayar kasa;
- kariya daga lalacewar 'ya'yan itace cikakke a lokacin bazara;
- kiyaye sassaucin ƙasa;
- samuwar mafi girma daga yawan tushe;
- raguwar lokacin girbi.
Wannan jeri mai ban sha'awa ya ƙunshi ɗawainiya da kuɗi lokacin da aka yi dabam.
Rashin amfani
Ofaya daga cikin rashin dacewar masu lambu mulching suna kiran haifuwa da slugs da katantanwa.... A gare su, layin da ke ciki na ciyawa ya zama mafaka a ranakun rani, kuma lalacewar kwayoyin halitta ta zama abinci. Yanayin kwari suna da kyau sosai.
Wannan ba hujja bane don daina mulching.
A yankunan da yawan kwari ya karu, ana iya yin amfani da katako ko allura. Irƙirar halitta mai ƙarancin halitta wanda zai kiyaye yawan mollusc zuwa ƙofar da ba ta da illa.
Wata rashin amfani da ciyawa ita ce ruɓewar ƙananan layuka a lokacin bazara mai damina ko lokacin kwanciya a kan ƙasa mai yumɓu mai nauyi. Wannan aikin yana da saukin warwarewa. Kuna buƙatar mayar da hankali kan yanayin yankin, kada ku sa babban ɗorawa akan ƙasan yumbu, kuma a kai a kai a hankali saka ciyawar a lokacin kakar.
Mulching strawberries tare da kayan aiki mai ɗorewa na iya yin mummunan tasiri a cikin sanyi mai maimaitawa. A wannan yanayin, duk zafin zai kasance a cikin ƙasa, yana ƙaruwa da mummunan tasirin daskarewa a ɓangaren sama na strawberry. Kula da hasashen yanayi zai taimaka wajen rufe shuke-shuke a kan lokaci.
Har ila yau ana kiran rashin amfani da mulching jan hankalin beraye, kwari da tsuntsaye. Koyaya, wannan yana da wahala ayi la'akari dashi azaman takamaiman matsala. Filin lambu tare da yalwar kayan lambu da kayan 'ya'yan itace yana da kyau da kwari mai yuwuwa.
Masana sun tabbata: rashin ilimi game da halayen kayan aiki, ƙasa a wurin da yanayin yankin yana haifar da ƙwarewar ƙwarewa. Yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da cewa mulching ba ya ware wasu nau'ikan kulawar strawberry, don haka ba za ku iya ɗaukarsa azaman warware duk matsalolin ba.