Tumatir tsire-tsire ne masu ban sha'awa waɗanda ke da sauƙin kulawa, amma don kar a sami fruitsa fruitsan oran itace ko disea disean cuta, kuna buƙatar ba da toan hankali ga al'adun. Shuka tana amsawa sosai ga shayarwa da ciyarwa na yau da kullun, lada masu lambu tare da girbi mai yawa. A cikin wannan bita, zamuyi magana game da kula da tumatir yadda yakamata bayan an dasa shi a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa.
Matakan kula da tumatir bayan an dasa su a ƙasa
Bayan zabar iri-iri da dasa shuki a cikin lambun tumatir, ya zama dole a samar da kulawa akan lokaci, wanda ya kunshi wadata shuka da kayan abinci da danshi. Baya ga buƙatu na yau da kullun, akwai wasu waɗanda ba su da ƙarancin tasiri a lokacin haɓaka. Za'a iya samun rikitarwa na aikin a cikin wannan labarin.
Ban ruwa daidai
Tumatir yana amsawa ta hanya ɗaya don rashi da yawan danshi, don haka ana yin ban ruwa yayin da ƙasa ta bushe. Kafin flowering, mitar shine sau 1 a kowane mako, yayin samuwar 'ya'yan itatuwa, an ƙara shayarwa har sau 2-3 a sati. A cikin yanayi mai zafi mai tsananin zafi na rana, kuna buƙatar shayar da ƙasa kowace rana ko ma kowace rana (ku mai da hankali kan matakin rashin busar ƙasa). Ya kamata a aiwatar da hanyoyin kawai da sanyin safiya ko maraice. Maraice ya fi dacewa, tunda danshi zai daɗe a cikin ƙasa, wanda ke nufin cewa tsiron zai zama mafi kwanciyar hankali.
Shirya tsarin ban ruwa, yakamata a ba da fifiko drip ko tsarin karkashin kasa... Yayyafawa yana moisturizes saman, yayin haɓaka haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan fungal, musamman ruɓaɓɓen apical. Hakanan ana iya gudanar da ban ruwa a tushe ko tare da tsagi. Don rigakafin cututtuka, ana ba da shawarar ƙara tokar itace zuwa ruwan da aka daidaita. Kuma idan ovaries suka bayyana, ana yayyafa garin toka a kewayen daji don samun 'ya'yan itace mafi kyau.
Ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da ruwan famfo don danshi. Zaɓin zaɓi mai kyau da ɗumi-ɗumi ya fi dacewa. Ruwan ruwa a kowace daji shine lita 8-10.
Lokaci-lokaci, ana haɗuwa da ruwa tare da gabatarwar suturar foliar. Don wannan, ana narkar da takin mai ma'adinai a cikin ruwan da ake amfani da shi don ban ruwa. Don haka, lokacin da aka ɓatar akan duka hanyoyin ya ragu.
Ciyawar tumatir
Wasu lambu ba su raina yadda ake sarrafa tumatir, suna gaskata cewa reshen reshen reshe da kuma yawan harbe-harbe suna ƙaruwa. A gaskiya tsire-tsire bashi da isasshen ƙarfi ga dukkan kwayayen, saboda haka, 'ya'yan itacen sukan zama kanana ko sau ɗaya ba su da lokacin yin girbi. An warware batun ta hanyar cire harbe marasa amfani. Wannan ya kamata ayi yayin da suke kanana (3-5 cm). Idan lokaci ya ɓace, kuma sun riga sun sami ci gaba, to babu ma'ana a aiwatar da tsunkule.
Ana aiwatar da aikin a farkon watan Agusta. Ana cire dukkan 'ya'yan anguwa daga daji, ana barin ganye 2-3 sama da' ya'yan itacen. Wasu lokuta yakan zama abin tausayi don cire maganganun maganganun, amma wannan zai kasance don amfanin 'ya'yan itacen da suka girbe (zasu fi girma sosai).
Wata hanyar tsunkulewa ita ce cire ƙananan harbe kowane kwana 10. A wannan yanayin, ɗayan zaɓuɓɓuka don samuwar daji an zaɓi: a cikin tushe ɗaya, a cikin biyu ko uku. Zaɓin ya dogara ne akan iri-iri.
Fesawa akan kwari da ciyarwa
Yakamata a fesa gadajen da tumatir ba wai kawai lokacin da aka gano kwari ba, har ma don rigakafin, tunda a tsakanin albarkatun gona, tumatir sun fi kowa rauni. Yadda ake feshi zaka tambaya?
A matakin dasa shuki, saiwar shukokin sun jike a cikin maganin kwari (misali, Aktara) don kariya daga wireworms, beetles da aphids. Kafin lokacin 'ya'yan itace, ana amfani da gadaje lokaci-lokaci tare da shirye-shiryen fungicidal (Quadris, Ridomil Gold), wanda ke hana ci gaban cututtukan fungal.
Zaka iya amfani da magungunan jama'a. Yin feshin dazuzzuka tare da infusions na albasan husks, toka na itace, da tafarnuwa ana ɗaukar su masu tasiri sosai. Don tsoratar da kwari, kayan kwalliya daga tsire-tsire masu ƙanshi sun dace: chamomile na kantin, wormwood, calendula, da sauransu.
Kuna buƙatar ciyar da tumatir aƙalla sau uku a lokacin girma. A ƙasa mai talauci, ana yin hakan da tsari kowane sati 2. Ana amfani da takin mai magani da na ma'adinai. Abincin nitrogen da ke cikinsu ya zama ƙasa da potassium da phosphorus. Nawa ya kamata a kara don sarrafa shi?Ofaya daga cikin zaɓuɓɓukan yana ba da abun da ke gaba:
- 50-60 gr. superphosphate;
- 30-40 gr. potassium chloride;
- 15 gr. ammonium nitrate;
- Lita 10 na ruwa.
Idan ana lura da zubda inflorescences da ovaries, shukar bashi da alamun abubuwa (boron). Zaka iya shirya bayani daga boric acid (1 g) da ruwa (1 L). Feshin ganye da rana.
Al'adar ta amsa da kyau ga maganin taki na kaji. Zai fi dacewa a yi amfani da takin mai rikitarwa wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwan alaƙa kamar magnesium, boron, jan ƙarfe, tutiya. Mashahuran magunguna sun haɗa da: Jagora NPK-17.6.18, Kristallon et al.
Hilling da loosening
Bayan kowace ruwa, yana da kyau a dan sassauta kasar gona (zurfin nutsewa yana kusa da 3 cm). Wannan yana taimakawa riƙe danshi a cikin ƙasa, yana buɗe damar samun iskar oxygen. Loosening na farko za'a iya yi bayan farkon ban ruwa na tsirrai. Tsarin yau da kullun na tsari sau 1 a cikin kwanaki 10-14. Lokacin da dazuzzuka suka girma kuma layukan sun yi kunci, ana iya dakatar da sakin jiki.
Yana da hankali a hada aikin sassautawa da sako-sako. Gulma tana jawo kwari, haifar da inuwa ga tumatir, don haka yakar su babban fifiko ne.
Don kara kuzari da samuwar ƙarin adventitious Tushen, shi bada shawarar zuwa hilling tumatir bushes. Suna samarwa daga kasan tushe, amma kawai a cikin ƙasa mai laima. Rakin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin shuka ya kamata ya zama sau da yawa a kowace kaka. Ana aiwatar da hanyar farko ta makonni 2-3 bayan dasa shukokin. Hawan dutse na biyu a cikin gadaje ana yin bayan sati biyu. Don kar a sake cutar da tumatir din, taron yana haɗuwa tare da sassautawa da sako-sako.
Kirkirar bishiyar tumatir da ganye
Wajibi ne a samar da dazuzzuka kawai a cikin waɗancan tsire-tsire waɗanda ke da saukin kai wa reshe. Idan nau'ikan ya kasance yana haɓaka da ci gaba ɗaya, to, buƙatar aikin ya ɓace.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don samar da daji:
- a daya kara;
- a cikin tushe biyu;
- a cikin uku mai tushe.
Lokacin yanke shawara akan zaɓi, yana da daraja la'akari da halaye iri-iri da yanayin yanayin yankin. Southarin kudu a yankin, yawancin rassa za ku iya barin tumatir. Yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da cewa 'ya'yan itatuwa waɗanda ba su samarwa a kan babban tushe zai zama ƙananan.
Lokacin zabar hanyar karko guda duk yaran da aka haifa wadanda suka kai tsawon cm 3 zuwa 5 ana iya cire su.Domin hana tumatir din saukad da dukkan furanni da kwayayen, yana da kyau a fara cire fararen da suka girma a karkashin goga.
Idan tumatir ya zama kafa biyu, to, kuna buƙatar barin harbi na gefe, wanda ya kafa kusa da goga na farko. Kuma yayin zabar hanyar ta uku, ana ba da shawarar barin mafi ƙarfi mai saurin ci gaba a ƙarƙashin hannu na biyu.
Wajibi ne don cire ɓarke harbe a kai a kai, iyakance ga aikin shi ne zafi. A irin waɗannan yanayi, tsire-tsire ba ya jure wa rauni.
Yaga tsiro sosai, ka riƙe su da babban yatsa da yatsan hannu. Kuna buƙatar ja ba zuwa ga kanku ba, amma kaifi gefe. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da wuka tare da takobi mai kaifi. Lokacin yankan sandar, kar a taba babban tushe, yana da kyau a bar 1-2 mm na cirewar da aka cire.
Mulasa mulching
Sake cika ƙasa da ciyawa yana ba da damar rage yawan shayarwa, ciyawa da sassautawa. Irin waɗannan tanadi suna da mahimmanci ga mazaunan bazara waɗanda ke ziyartar shafuka musamman a ƙarshen mako. Baya ga rage ƙarfin aiki na aiki, ana ƙirƙirar kariya daga ƙasa daga bushewa.
Za a iya tantance yiwuwar mulching bisa ga fa'idodi masu zuwa:
- ƙi ciyawar ciyawa (raguwar yawan ciyawar);
- karfafawa tsarin yanayin zafi da danshi na kasa;
- kariya daga evaporation na danshi;
- rigakafin samuwar ɓawon burodi a kan ƙasa;
- tsutsar ciki sun fi kyau kiwo a ƙarƙashin wani nau'in gashin gashi, wanda ke ƙara sakin ofasa.
Peat, busassun ganye ko bambaro, ana amfani da sawdust azaman ciyawa. Rotted takin shima yana da kyau. A cikin sassan lambun manyan kasuwanni a yau zaku iya siyan ciyawar wucin gadi, wanda zai sake amfani da shi. Layer da za a shimfida ya zama kusan 6-8 cm, don haka haske yana wucewa ta hanya mai rauni. Wannan zai hana saurin saurin ciyawar.
Kewayen lambun tumatir da hankali, yana da kyau a lura da ma'aunin lokacin shayarwa da takin, in ba haka ba zaku iya samun akasi. Gogaggen lambu ƙayyade bukatun shuke-shuke da bayyanar, sabili da haka Sau 2-3 a mako kawai kuna buƙatar bincika daji. Sannan duk wata matsalar da aka gano zata zama mafi sauki a gano ko kawar da ita.